Tari
Karl Linney ɗan kimiyyar masani ne, wakilin wakili da farfesa tare da sunan duniya, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga kimiyya. Botany dauke shi Mahaliccinsu, amma a zahiri aikin kimiyya na Linnea ya fi yawa. Mutumin ya yaba da mahimmancin mahalarta na liyafar Yaren mutanen Sweden a halin yanzu. Bugu da kari, masanin ya ba da gudummawa ga gabatarwar koyarwar kimiyyar halitta zuwa cikin tsarin ilimin jami'a.Yaro da matasa
Karl an haife shi a cikin 1707 a cikin karamar ƙauyen Switzerye na Rohanna. Linneus Linneus - mahaifin yaron, ya yi aiki a matsayin firist. Tun da yake shi dan masu fafatawa, iyayen ba su da isasshen kuɗi don karatun sa. Wani lokaci nazarin a cikin Jami'ar Lund, amma ba a karbi digiri na kimiyya ba, an tilasta komawa gida. A nan, wani saurayi ya gamsu da mataimaki ga Fastocin gari, da sannu da sannu sai ya ɗauki shahararraki na ruhaniya, da sannu yana ɗaukar babban san kuma yana aiki a matsayin mataimaki a cikin coci ga coci ga coci ga coci ga coci ga coci.
Uwar Carla - 'yar firist. Karl ya zama ɗan fari na ma'aurata, bayansa, an haife wasu 'ya'ya huɗu a cikin iyali. Mahaifiyar mahaifiyar, Fasto Birkersonius, ya mutu a shekarar haihuwar farko. Kuma bayan shekara 2, Nicolaus ya naɗa firist, kuma iyalin suna motsawa zuwa gidan da kakanin da suka rayu.
Bayan shirya a wani sabon wuri, shugaban iyali ya barke gidan lambun, kayan lambu, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. Carl daga farkon yara na bincike, sha'awar a waje duniya, kuma musamman tsirrai. A shekara 8, yaron ya ji yawancin tsire-tsire na ƙasa. Nicalas ya ware ɗansa ɗan ƙaramin makirci kusa da gidan, inda Karl ya saukar da tsaba da yawa, furanni girma da ganye.
Sanarwar Karl ta karɓi Karl mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin birnin birnin, a cikin daidai, a ciki inda mahaifinsa ya yi karatu, kuma bayan shekaru 8 ya shiga motsa jiki. Kamar yadda wannan birni ya kasance nesa da gidan, galibi yana kasancewa tare da dangi daga Karl bai yi aiki ba, don haka ya ga kawai hutu tare da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa. A makaranta, yaron ya yi nazarin mummunan, abin da saurayin ya kwashe - lissafi, har ma ta hanyar ilmin halitta bai gushe da za a kwashe ba.
Nazarin bai ba saurayin da malamai ma sun ba iyayensu iyayensu su fassara da dan yin nazarin sana'a. A wancan lokacin, darussan kan dabaru da kuma batutuwa na likita sun koyar a makaranta, wadanda suka yarda da shugabanci na makaranta don barin ɗalibin ya koyi likitan. A saboda wannan, Carlo ya sasanta daga malamin, ya fara koya wa yaron. Baya ga manyan azuzuwan, shirin shima masanin kimiyyar a ce masanin kimiyya.
Kimiyya
Bayan kammala karatun daga makaranta, a cikin 1727, Linney ya shiga jami'a a Lund. A nan ne ya sanar da wani malamin Stous. A nan gaba, mutumin yana taimaka masa da gidaje kuma ya kafa a gidansa. Matashin ya buɗe cikin ɗakin karatun farfesa. A lokaci guda, ya sadu da tarin ma'adinan ruwa da kuma kogin mazaunan da malami ya tattara a Lund. Karatun lafazin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar Linenea a matsayin botany.
A cikin 1728, Linney ya shiga jami'a a cikin Uppsal. Wannan jami'a ta ba da damar damar koyon magani a ƙarƙashin farkon furofesoshin furofesoshi. Daliban sun yi ƙoƙarin samun ilimi da yawa kuma a lokacinsu na kyauta wanda aka kashe akan ilimin kimiyyar su.
A nan, Karl ya yi tsalle tare da ɗalibin, kuma ya fara aiki a kan bita na gargajiya na tarihi na tarihi da suka wanzu a wancan lokacin. Karl ya maida hankali kan nazarin tsire-tsire. Wani muhimmin mataki a rayuwar Linneya da ya san da Celsius Celsius, malamin tauhidi. Wannan ya faru ne a ƙarshen 1720s, mutumin ya ba da samari da yawa zuwa ɗakin karatu kuma ya yarda yana zaune a gidansa, kamar yaddal ya kasance cikin yanayin mulki.
Ba da daɗewa ba saurayin ya rubuta aikin bincike na farko, wanda ya haɗa da manyan ra'ayoyin na rikice-rikice na rikitarwa na gaba na tsire-tsire. A tsakanin malaman jami'a, littafin ya haifar da sha'awa sosai. Aikin kimiyya na dalibi ya yaba da rudbeck Jr., wanda furan ne a jami'ar, kuma ya ba da izinin Karl don koyarwa a matsayin mai zanga-zangar Botanical Botanical.
Jirgin filastik a Lapland ya faru ne a Linneiya a cikin 1732. Tun da bashi da damar da ya kamata ya sa hannu a kai, jami'ar ta sami fa'ida da balaguron. Mutumin ya tafi yankin Scandinaviavian, na watanni 6 na balaguro ya yi karatu ma'adanai, dabbobi da tsire-tsire, kuma sun koyi rayuwar Saami na gida. Domin kada ya rasa mahimman binciken, kusan duk yadda yake tafiya kuma kawai wasu shafuka sun mamaye doki. Baya ga wadatar tarin samfurori na kimiyyar halitta, wani mutum ya kawo wa Sweden da kuma abubuwan rayuwa na rayuwar mutanen kasar nan.
Rahoton mai tashi da Carl ya watsa zuwa ga jama'a Elicipungiyar Solical na Uppsal, ƙidaya a kan gaskiyar cewa za a buga bayanan da aka buga sosai. Amma wannan bai faru ba, kuma a cikin 1732 kawai wani ɗan gajeren rahoto ne kan tabarbancin Lapland an buga shi a cikin littafin. Ya kasance wani tsari na nau'in tsire-tsire daban-daban.
Labarin da ake kira Florula Lapponica ya zama farkon aikin masanin kimiyya, inda ya yi magana game da tsarin jima'i na tsirrai. Masanin kimiyya ya raba su cikin azuzuwan, sun yi jayayya game da kasancewar bene a cikin tsire-tsire, wanda aka ƙaddara ta kwari da stames. Hakanan Karl ya raba azuzuwan a kan squads dangane da fasali na tsarin kwari. Lokacin da karatun wannan taken, sau da yawa yana da kurakurai kurakurai, amma farfesa ya haifar da wannan, Farfesa wanda tsarin ya haifar da sha'awa kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban kimiyya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine kawai a 1811 Bayanan bayanai da suka buga daga littafin Diary na maza, inda ya bayyana abubuwan da ake kiyaye shi na Saami. Wani bayani game da salon al'ummomin kasar nan ba kusan ba ne, sabili da haka, da kuma zamani ne na girma a fagen iyari.
A cikin 1735, Karl ya tafi Holland, a can ya kare rubutun ya kuma karɓi digiri na likita. Daga can, sai ta tashi zuwa Fasali, inda ta wallafa wani "tsarin yanayi". Shekaru 2 na rayuwa, ana haihuwar ra'ayoyi da yawa a garin Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda ya bayyana a cikin littattafan da aka buga. Dabbobin dabbobi sun raba: Waɗannan tsuntsaye ne da dabbobi, amphibians da kifi, tsutsotsi da kwari. Abin lura ne cewa mutumin da ya ɗauki dabbobi masu shayarwa, sananne a lokacinsa na yau da kullun sun fada cikin aji na tsutsotsi, da kuma masu rarrafe ga amphibians.
A wannan lokacin, masanin ilimin halittar da aka bayyana da kuma rarraba manyan tarin tsire-tsire da aka kawo a duniya. A lokaci guda, bugu ya bayyana a tarihin tarihin Linnei, daga baya ya canza ilimin kimiyance da kuma wani tsakanin masana kimiyya.
Shekaru da aka kashe a wannan kasar ya zama mafi yawan aiki a cikin aikin kimiyya karo. A wannan lokacin, sai ya wallafa manyan rubutun. Baya ga takardun kimiyya, mutumin ya rubuta da tarihin lokaci, inda ya bayyana rayuwarsa kuma ya raba tare da masu karatu daban-daban da tarihi daga balagurori.
Bayan ya dawo Sweden, Linney bai bar iyakokinsa ba, da farko wani mutum ya rayu a Stockholm, sannan ya koma Uppsalu. Karl ya yi aiki a matsayin likita, ya jagoranci kungiyar Botany, ya tafi tafkin ya zartar da iliminsa ga matasa ƙarni.
Carl Laneney ya yi binciken da yawa a fagen ilimin halitta da botany. Yawan labaran da aka buga suna da kyau, annansays da aka buga yayin rayuwar kimiyya da kuma bayan mutuwar masanin kimiyya. Fahimtar farfesa ta jihar ta amince da ita ta hanyar jihar, kuma nasarorin da aka samu sun fi sani da iyakokin kasar.
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da matar Sara ta gaba ta gaba, da Linny Linyn Falun. A wancan lokacin, yarinyar tana da shekara 18, mahaifinta likita ne, wani mutum na ilimi kuma yana da wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Makonni biyu bayan sani, Karl ya ba da Lisa tayin, nan da nan ya yarda, da kuma gobe saurayi ya karbi albarkar Uban Lisa.
Bikin aure ya yanke shawarar jinkirta shekaru 3, ya ci gaba da kasashen waje, kuma nan da nan bayan sun dawo da hukumomi a hukumance. Gaskiya ne, an buga bikin a shekara mai zuwa, bikin ya wuce a cikin yarinyar Farm.
Linniyev yana da yara 7. An kuma haifi ɗan fari a cikin 1741, yaron ya haifi Karl, kuma ya riga ya girma kamar Karl Binny Jr. Iyalan dangi sun mutu a cikin jarirai.
Rayuwar masanin kimiyya ta ci gaba cikin nasara, yana ƙaunar matansa, da kuma ji suna da juna. Mutumin da ake kira sunan mahaifinsa da mahaifinta kyawawan furanni daga dangin Iris girma a Kudancin Afirka.
Mutuwa
Tun daga 1758, Linny tare da matarsa da yara sun rayu a cikin kadada 10 Km daga Uppsala, a can ya huta da aiki.
A cikin 1774, Linnai ya busa (basurrage zuwa kwakwalwa). Sannan likitocin sun ceci wani mutum, amma lafiyar ba a murmurewa ba. Ya kasance mai rauni sosai, kuma farfesa ya dakatar da laccoci. Ya umarci wannan aikin ga ɗan farinsa, da kansa ya zauna a cikin ƙasa.
Bude ya faru a cikin hunturu, daga 1776 zuwa shekaru 1777. Bayan harin na biyu, Karl rasa ƙwaƙwalwar sa, bai gane dangi na kusa har ma ya yi kokarin barin gidan ba. Wani mutum ya mutu a cikin 1778 a Uppsala a cikin shekara 71.
Tunda aka amince da masanin kimiyya a matsayin wani ɗan ƙasa mai girmama a cikin birnin, aka binne shi a cikin babban taron Uppsa.
Bayan mutuwar Linney, ya bar babban tarin, gami da, gami da herariya, har ma da laburare mai yawa. Duk wannan wannan ɗansa ne Karl Jr., amma bayan wani mutum ya mutu tun daga zuciya, amma gwauruwa ta yanke shawarar sayar da tarin. Duk da ƙin yarda game da ilimin kimiyya na asalin ƙasar kimiyya na kasar kimiyya, har yanzu ana sayar da taron kuma an fitar da shi. Sweden rasa ayyukan Linni wanda ke da darajar don ci gaban kimiyya.
Littafi daya
- 1735 - "Tsarin tsarin"
- 1736 - "Laburaren Botanial"
- 1736 - "Kayan Botan Botany"
- 1737 - "Flla Lapand"
- 1737 - "Haihuwar tsire-tsire"
- 1738 - "azuzuwan camilasa"
- 1745 - "Flora Sweden"
- 1749 - "Sweden kwandawa"
- 1751 - "Falsafar Botany"
- 1753 - "tsiran nau'in"