Tari
Shaidar William Tekckery sanannu ne ga zamani masu son satiki "girman adalci", daga littattafan snobs "ga tatsuniyar" ya tashi da zobe ". Domin tsawon shekaru 52, dan asalin Ingilishi ya kirkiro da yawaitattun litattafan litattafan da shugabannin da shugabanni, kuma sun tuna da duniya mai "sihiri".Yaro da matasa
William SPISE Tekcket an haife shi ne a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1811 a Calcutta, mulkin mallaka na mulkin soja Indiya. Yaron shine kadai a cikin dangin Richmond Tetaea, da kuma annirin, wanda ya ba da ƙaunar mahaifa. Uba ya mutu a cikin 1815 daga zazzabi, kuma shekara guda bayan da mahaifiyar ta aiko da ɗanta zuwa Ingila. Yaron ya tsira da yunwa ga rabuwa: Hoton William da Ann, George Chinnery a cikin 1813, akwai alaƙar dangi tsakanin su.
A cikin 1817, matar ta auri ƙaunar da ta fara son shery karmaikla-Smith. Shekaru 3 bayan haka, ma'auratan sun koma Ingila. Dan ya ga fuskarsa ta asali bayan wani bangare mai tsawo, amma ba na dogon lokaci ba ne: an tura shi zuwa Carfin Charter Carter Carry a Landan. Anan yaron ya zama abokai tare da John Lies, mai ban dariya na zane mai ban dariya.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata na binciken, William ya yi rashin lafiya, kuma isowar cikin Cambridge ya zama dole a jinkirta har zuwa watan Fabrairu 1829. Saurayi ba shi da sha'awar ingancin kimiyya, ya buga labarai satirical. "Snob" da "Gownsman". Don haka na kasa daidaita da karatu, Tekkrey ya ragu daga Cambridge a cikin 1830th, da ya wuce zuwa Paris da Weimar, inda aka sani da Johanng Von Goethe ya faru.
21, wani saurayi ya sami gādo daga mahaifinsa. Wani ɓangare na kudin William ya ɓace a cikin katin, wani ya saka hannun jari a cikin jaridu masu amfani "da" Standard Makaɗaici "da" Tsarin Mulki na ƙasa, wanda ya shirya da za a buga. Rushewar bankunan Indiya biyu, inda ragowar gādon ya kasance, ya juya zuwa talakawa. Ingilishi ya sami abinci tare da zane-zanen zane-zane, wanda daga baya aka canza shafukan rubuce-rubucensa, lokaci guda, mujallar Fasser ". A cikin wannan bugu, na farko muhimmin aikin marubucin "aka buga" Katerina ".
Littattafai
Don ƙirƙirar "Katerina", Tekckee ya tura tarihin rayuwar Jack Sheppard, egal da William Harrison Einsworth. Littattafan marubucin yana da kusan kwatancen mai hatsari, da Tekkrey sun yanke shawarar nuna duniyar nuna laifi kamar yadda yake - mummuna.
Babban halin labarin shine Katerina Haze, mace ta karshe ta Ingilishi ta ƙarshe, ta ƙone da rai a kan wuta. Dalilin wannan tsananin azaba shine kisan mijinta. Duk da niyyar marubucin, nemo masu laifin, Katera suna haifar da tausayi kamar yadda masoyanta biyu, kisan kai na kisan kai.
A sakamakon aikin bai so ba a baitulmalin, don haka a rayuwarsa "Katerina" ya ga a ranar 1840, Jr.
A cikin 1844, a cikin Jarida, Littafin na biyu "Aiki na Barry Lyndon" ya fito, daga baya ya sake buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Bayanan Barry Lyndon, esunts, da aka sake shi". A tsakiyar ruwayar - wani shahararren-wani karya ne daga Ireland, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin samun arziki da shiga cikin al'ummar English Aristocrats.
A shekara ta 1975, sabon labari yana kiyaye Stanley Kubrik. Barry Lyndon ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finai na Darakta: An bashi kyautar yabo ta kyautar da aka bayar.
A ƙarshen 1840s, an tattauna sunan William Godiya ga 53 Short sarakunan kula da 53, wanda a cikin 1848 ya fito a tsarin tattarawa da kuma samun sunan "Snob". Amma duniya ta shahara ga marubucin ya kawo littafin "adalci na banza". Dangane da ambaton Ingila da kansa, wannan aikin ya hau "zuwa saman bishiyar halitta".
Abubuwan da aka faru na littafin labari sun bayyana a bango napoleonic yaƙe-yaƙe. Duk da barazanar lalata tsarin jihar na yau da kullun, jarumin na aikin suna fuskantar ne kawai don rayukansu da kyau: sahu, lakabi, da kyautuka.
Tekkerei ya kira "girman adalci" "Roman ba tare da gwarzo ba", amma ɗaliban fensho rasa Pinkerton, Emilia Saddli da RebelI da Rebelki da Rebelca Sharpe suna cikin tsakiyar ruwayar. Yarinya ta farko daga dangin da aka tsare, dumuch na chivoid, amma budurwarta ta kasance a cikin mai zane da rawa da kuma wata rawa da ke shirye su tafi a kan kawunansu saboda wuri a karkashin rana.
A cikin aikin, marubucin kamar ya kwatanta jarumai biyu: wanda yake rayuwa mafi kyau, wanda yake da ƙarin kuɗi - kuma wanda yake farin ciki. Kowannensu cinyewar 'yan mata ne aure aure ne mai nasara, wani gādo, haihuwar yaro - bishiyoyi masu tsauri. Yana wakiltar al'umma a matsayin adalci wanda aka saya da abin da aka saya da siyarwa: dabi'u, ƙauna, girmamawa.
Bayan dawo da labari, an zargi marubucin da ba dole ba ne da ba dole ba a cikin hoton launuka masu duhu, wanda tekkrech ya amsa mutane cewa ya ga mutane "kyama da son kai." Duk da haka, aristocrats da masu ƙasa, jami'ai da diflomasiya, ɗan Ingilishi ba ta bin burinsu don wulakanta. Akasin haka, ina so in tilasta wa jama'a su bayyana idanu zuwa ga rashin sani da girman kai.
"Kan'ance Fair" shine mafi mashahuri aikin Tekkesea. A wannan lokacin, fiye da garkuwa 20 an cire: bebe da sauti fina-finai, tashoshin rediyo, jerin talabijin. Mafi "sabo" da aka gabatar da littafin labari shine jerin serial na 7 -8 tare da Olivia Cook da Claudia Wesse a cikin jagororin jagoranci.
Bayan samun wani marubuci ya yi nasara, dan asalin Turanci bai jefa rubutu ba. A cikin 1850, Haske ya ga littafin "penenninis" (wani suna "tarihin tarihin Penennis, nasarorin sa da jiko na sa"). Babban halin shine Arthur penadnance, mutumin da ya je Landan don nemo wani wuri a rayuwa da al'umma. An sanar da masu sukar da rubutu daga wannan sabon labari sun gāji da haruffan gwarzo na "girman adalci".
Bayan shekaru bayan haka, Tekkerei ya fito da "labarin Henry Esmond" - Alkarki da marubuci ya ɗauki mafi kyawun a cikin littafin tarihi. Duk da haka, marubucin Turanci George Eliot ya kira aikin "Littafin da ba shi da daɗi, wanda zaku iya tunanin." Irin wannan bita na zamanin Tekkeky Dalae saboda, cikin sabon labari, Henry Esmond na neman wurin yarinyar, kuma labarin ya yi a kan mahaifiyarta. A cikin 1859, an ci gaba da labarin a cikin littafin labari "budurwai".
Rayuwar sirri
A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1836, William Tekcrech ya ɗauki matarsa Isyeabella Samar ta nuna. Yara uku an haife su a cikin iyali: Ann Isabella (1837-1919), Jane, sun mutu yana da shekara 8 watanni) da Harreieta marien (1840-1875).
Haihuwar 'yar Uni na uku Harriet ya juya ya zama mummunan taron a rayuwar marubucin: Maharcin rashi ya fara ne. A watan Satumbar 1840, Tekkerei, son taimaka wa Isabelle yi nasara da wani mawuyacin lokaci, ya tafi tare da ita zuwa Ireland. A lokacin ƙetare, macen ta tashi daga taga zuwa bakin teku, amma ta sami ceto.
A watan Nuwamba 1840, yanayin tunanin matar m matar deterorated, ta dauki kwararru kwararru. A cikin shekaru 5 masu zuwa, matar ta kwana a cikin asibitocin Paris, to an lura da ma'aikatan aikin jinya a baya. Ba ta taɓa warke ba, amma ta tsira daga mijinta tsawon shekaru 30, ya mutu a shekara ta 1894.
Ko da lokacin da Isabella Nastiga Nastiga, Tekkerari ya kasance mai aminci ga matar a hankali, amma yana da wani labari mai aure Jane Brookfield da wasu mantawa baƙo.
Mafi shahararren william shine Ann Isabella - Wakilai mai haske ne na ƙarshen litattafan Vreoria. Kuma ƙaramin ɗan marubuci, Harriet, ya auri ɗan asalin tarihin Turanci Sir Leslie Istephen. Hannun suna da 'yar Laura, wanda ya gaji matsalar hankali daga kakar Isabella Getyn show.
Mutuwa
William Tetaa ta fara lalata a farkon 1850s, ya sha azaba ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa. Bugu da kari, marubucin ya ji cewa ya rasa wahayi. Saboda haka, ya fara cin zarda abinci da abin sha, wanda ya warkar da "babbar rubuce rubuce-rubuce." The Siyarwa da Santawar Burtaniya mai ja da barkono ja, amfani da wanda ya lalata tsarin narkewa.
A ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1863, dawowa gida bayan abincin dare, marubucin ya sha wahala. Washegari, Disamba 24, Servita ta rushe matattu.
Mutuwar ɗan shekara 52 na ɗan shekara 52 ya zama abin mamaki. Jawo a cikin gidajen lambuna sun ziyarci mutane sama da 7 dubu. Jikin marubucin ya dogara da makabartar Kencal Green, kuma a Westminster Abbey, abin tunawa da Tekkesor Carlo Morroetty, an shigar da shi.
Littafi daya
- 1839-1840 - "Katerina"
- 1844 - "Notes Barry Lyndon, esquire, wanda kansa ya rubuta"
- 1848 - "Littafin Snob"
- 1848 - "Verity Fair"
- 1848-1850 - "Pendenness"
- 1852 - "matan aure"
- 1852 - "Tarihi Henry ESmond"
- 1855 - "Rose da zobe"
- 1857-1859 - "Budurwa"