Tari
Eschil yana daya daga cikin manyan mawakansu-playwright na tsohuwar zamanin Helenanci, wanda ya rayu a karni na 5 BC. e, "Ya Uba" na bala'in, magabatan zuriyar titrogy da tetrelogia, wanda ya yi canje-canje ga manufar zane na zane-zane. Aikinsa na "Farisa" tushen ilimi ne a fagen tsohuwar tarihi, kasancewa kawai tsarin tsari na wata hanyar Helenanci na gargajiya da ke hade da al'amuran zamani.
Littattafai, gami da kirkirar mawaƙin, har yanzu suna buƙatar ɗaliban masu karatu, ana samun nasarar nuna su a kan wuraren da ke cikin wuraren da duniya.
Ƙaddara
An haife Eschil kimanin 525 zuwa n. Ns. A cikin Girka na Girka, Elephiss), wanda ya kasance kilomita 20 daga Athos, a cikin kwarin gwiwa na yamma Attica. Dangane da masana tarihi, mahaifinsa da euphorion mallakar aji na Aristocrats - Evpatridov, da dangi sananne ne kuma masu arziki.
A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Eschil ya yi aiki a gonar inabin. A cewar almara, wata rana ya yi niyyar allahn Fineilmai Dionysis, wanda ya ba da umarnin alamu don kula da zane mai ban sha'awa na bala'in. Tashi, mawaƙi wanda aka yi da aikinsa na farko, wanda ya aikata a cikin 499 BC. Ns. Kuma a cikin 484 BC. Ns. Ya lashe nasarar yabo na 1 a gasar PlayWright a kan bikin Dionysia.
A cikin 490 BC e., a tsayin rikice-rikice na Greco-Persian, Eschla ya yi kira ga aikin soja. Tare da brotheran uwanta, wanda aka kare wa Athena daga Atla's daga mamayar mamayewa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Darius I a yaƙi na marathon. Bayan haka, bayan shekaru 10, ya shiga cikin yakin teku, wanda ya mamaye yankin tsakiyar a cikin balaguron Farisa, da Fasahasing tare da Placas.
Eschil wani bangare ne na zaben Helenawa da aka yiwa asirin shagon Dister, wanda aka hana shi a kan mutuwa. Mawaki sun halarci asirai masu tsayi, ayyukan ibada suna nuna alaƙar tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa ta nuna ta hanyar tsarkakewa ta jiki da ruhaniya.
Aristotle da sauran zuriyar Aeschila sun yi jayayya cewa cewa wasan kwaikwayo na kasa kiyaye asirin addini ne kuma ya nuna wasu abubuwan ibada a kan matakin su. Gama waɗannan 'yan wasan sun jefa marubucin da duwatsu suka ba da kotu da ya san jahilcinsa. Escla ta barata, yin la'akari da kayan aikin soja, da kuma yin la'akari da roko na ɗan'uwan Aminiya, gwarzo na Greco-Persian yaƙe-yaƙe.
Bayan mutuwar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Fritich, wacce ita ce babban abokin hamayyar Eschil a bukukuwan Drionisiya, daga kusan 473 zuwa n. e., Wasan da Wurin ya zama shugaban Mawallafin mawaƙin.
Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da rayuwar tsohuwar mawaki. Masana tarihi suna jayayya cewa Eschil yana da mata da yara biyu. Ofaya daga cikin 'ya'yan saƙo suna raka wanda zai bi ta hanyar zangon mahaifinsa kuma ya zama mawaƙin. Bayan mutuwar iyaye, ya kasance sau 4 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da taka leda. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa zuriyar Babbar Helek ne wanda marubucin "Transetheus ya ɗaure" bala'i. Bugu da kari, da euporion a cikin 431 BC. Ns. Ya lashe kyautar ta farko a cikin takara na rubutu, barin a bayan sophoclas da kuma Lafiya.
A tarihin Eschil, da yawa farin aibobi, duk da haka, akwai bayani cewa mawaƙi a cikin 470s zuwa N. Ns. Dogara ya ziyarci tsibirin Sicily Tsibiri a Gayyatar Tirana Calon I.
A yayin ziyarar 35 a shekara ta 456 ko 455th shekara BC. Ns. Babban Playwright ya mutu. Ainihin dalilin mutuwar Eschil ba a sani ba. Bala'i ya yi jayayya cewa mawaƙi ya kashe kunkuru, ya zubar da shi a kan shugaban masarufi ko kuma tsuntsu. Tsarun tsuntsu ya yarda da Lysin don dutsen, wanda ya kusa raba mai halittar mai rarrafe.
Wasan jirgin ruwa
Farin cikin al'adun Eschil ya fadi a kan lokacin lokacin da gasa gasar sun shahara a Girka, wanda ya faru yayin bukukuwan Dionysia. Bikin fara aiki, sakamakon matasa na samari da suka aikata rarrabuwar kawuna, yayin da Juyin Juary 3 daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo ya wakilci halittunsu: wasan kwaikwayo, ban dariya da satire. Marubucin Oresea halarci a cikin wadannan gasa don wanda ya kirkiro daga karfe 70 zuwa 90. An bayyana dushin da ke tsakanin Eschil da Ligilid a cikin masifa mai ban dariya "Frogs".
Filin wasan ya inganta salon rubutu da dabarun. Ya kawo abin da ya faru na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na 2 kuma ya kirkiro tattaunawa mai ban dariya tsakanin haruffa biyu, ya ƙirƙira aikin mawallafin da satelogics, wanda ya ki da shi da siliki da na gargajiya na gargajiya da mãkirci na yau da kullun.
Zuwa yau, bala'i mai girma na Girka ya kai: "Farisa", "erestea bakwai", "Prmenters" da "Chakerin" da "Chakika wanda ya kasance cikin tambaya. Kusan sauran wasanni na playwight an adana su a cikin kwatancen, za a ci gaba da samun su yayin zubar da pastrus na Masar.
Eschil ya karbi kyautar ta farko a bukukuwan Drionusia 13 sau, an san cewa an baiwa duk ayyukan da suka rayu da suka rayu.
Farkon ayyukan ayyukan ESCHIL ne Bala'in "Farisa", rubuce kusa da 472 BC. Ns. Wasan ya dogara ne akan kwarewar soja na mawafan na mawafacen kai, ciki har da shi a cikin yaƙin Salamin. The Playwright ya haifar da kirkirar halitta na musamman, wanda ba a dogara da makircin ilimin halitta ba, amma ainihin taron na tarihi ya faru ne a gaban zaman talikai. Play ɗin ya kasance wani ɓangare na tetralogy, wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka ɓace na "Glawvk", "Prometheus - Wuta da ke barazanar azabar Allah.
Bala'in ya fara ne game da labarin nasarar Farisa a cikin yaƙin teku, wanda manzo ya hannun ATSTs, mahaifiyar mahaifiyata. Mace ta je kabarin mijinta Darius, inda fatatto daga cikin wahala ga mutanen da suka mutu ya yi bayanin karfin gwiwa da kuma girman kai na xerxes, wanda ya haifar da Fushin alloli. Masarautar da ke fama da cin nasarar Farisa ta bayyana a karshen wasan, wanda ya ƙare da kuka da ci sarki.
An yi bala'in "bakwai da aka fara a cikin PhiIV" a cikin 467 BC. Ns. Abu ne na ƙarshe na m trilogy dangane da tatsuniyar FVAN. Aikin ya dogara da taken allolin da ke ƙarƙashin mutane da manufar ƙayyade manufar (gari) a ci gaban wayewar ɗan adam.
Wasan yana ba da labarin ETOKLA da 'yan'uwa, magada na Fan Tsar Edipa, waɗanda suka yanke shawara kwangila don yin mulki da kashe kursiyin da kashe kursiyin da kashe junan su. Ainihin ƙarshen wasan ya kunshi yiwuwar mutuwar masu mulkin, amma bayan shekaru 50 bayan nunin farko, ya canza. A cikin sabon sigar 'yar Edid, antigone, yana yin kuka, sannan ya' yan tawaye a kan ma'anar haramcin kan Jagal.
Taken PolIs ya ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin bala'i na '' yan majalisa na Eschil ", wanda wani bangare ne na tetrallogy. A cikin wannan wasa, mawaƙin ya nuna halaye na kirki game da yanayin demokradiyya, halayyar waccan lokacin.
Mulki ya dogara ne da Daiid 32, da 'yan matan da suka kafa Argos, daga aure mai aure tare da mazanacin Masarawa. Suna tambayar asylums daga mulkin Pelags, wanda ba zai iya yanke shawara ba tare da neman tare da mutane ba. A ƙarshen wasan, mutane sun yarda su taimaka wa masu aiko da masu aikawa su ba su tsari a cikin birni.
A cikin sauran wasan takaitaccen na Trilogy, mai yiwuwa ne ya kira "Dana", abubuwan da suka faru na mip na 'yan mata 50 na Sarki, wanda ya kashe mutane 49 na farko da aka bayyana aurenta.
Maɗaukaki na Eschil, wanda ya kasance gaba ɗaya, shine Oresteya, wanda aka kirkira a cikin 458 BC. Ns. Ya ƙunshi wasan Agamemormyon, "in ji masu" da "Evmumiya". Tattaunawa game da tarihin mahaifiyar Argos Tsar Agamememyina, mawaƙi ya koma daga matsayin dimokuradiyya, sun ayyana a ayyukan da suka gabata, kuma suna nuna ikon Areopag da kuma qeopag da qarancin dokar.
Bala'i na farko na Trafgy ya bayyana dawowar Myca Agamemyon bayan nasara a yakin Trojan yaki. Matarsa matarsa tana fushi da gaskiyar cewa mai mulki ya kawo allolin da 'yarsa tasa ta haihu, ya kuma kiyaye Kassandra a cikin ƙwarƙwarar. Annabta sun annabta kisan Agamemyon da mutuwarsa daga hannun matatar da ta yi. A ƙarshen wasan, ɗan sarki ya bayyana, Thest, wanda ya ɗauki ɗaukar fansa ga kisan ya yi.
"Heeofors" Ci gaba da ruwayar, fara a Agamemnon. Ubangiji ya yi wa sarki, tare da 'yar'uwarsa, ta ƙirƙiri wurin ɗaukar fansa na c ctionsu da ƙaunataccen abokin tarayya. Sannan Choir ya ba da labarin mummunan mafarkin Sarauniya, wanda ya haifi maciji. Don fansar laifin a gaban mijinta, gwamnati tana ba da umarnin dubawa a kan kabarin Agamemnon, amma yana ɗaukar mutuwa daga hannun Orest. A cikin abin da ya gabata, wanda kisa na mahaifiyar da ke kewaye da hakkin mutane huɗu, masu ɗaukar fansa suka yi sanadiyar mutuwar dangi.
A wasan karshe na "orestei", dan Agamemnon yana neman kafara, ya bayyana a gaban kotun Athenins, wanda ya sake yin amfani da shi daga cikin tsananto mai kyau kuma faduwa ta Evmeniya.
Ranar karshe ta Eschila, bala'i na "Changeetheus ya ɗaure", wani bangare ne na "Pringetheus". Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19, masana kimiyya sun fara shakkar marubucin wasan wasan gwarzo game da dalilai na Stylistic. Aikin yana da shimfidar wurare suna bayyanar da tatsuniyoyin wuta.
Littafi daya
- 472 BC - "Farisa"
- 470th ko 463 BC - "Supils"
- 467 BC - "bakwai a kan FIV"
- 458 BC - Orestea (trilogy)
- "Agamememnon"
- "Hoofers"
- "Wa'azin"
- 450-40-e ko 415 BC - "Prometheus ya ɗaure"