Tari
Vera Mukhina, wanda ya zama sananne ga aikin rukunin '' ma'aikaci da Kolkhoznitsa "a shekarar 1937, sun yi babban gudummawa ga farfaganda. Bugu da kari, mace tana da wasu shahararren aikin da ya kawo farashi mai yawa da lambobin yabo.
An haife Vera a lokacin zafi na 1889 a Riga, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance wani ɓangare na lardin na Lian na daular Rasha. Mahaifin yarinyar, Ignatius KUzmich, sanannen shahararrun magabata ne kuma dan kasuwa ne, iyalinta sun kasance ajin dan kasuwa.
Lokacin da bangaskiya ya mai da shekara 2, mahaifiyarta ta mutu daga tarin fuka. Saboda haka mahaifin yana ƙaunar 'yarta, saboda haka ta zauna lafiya har zuwa 1904. A nan, mai binciken zamba ya karbi farkon rayuwar zanen da zane darasi.
A cikin 1904, mahaifin bangaskiyar ta mutu, don haka yarinyar da ke tare da tsohuwar 'yar'uwar ta Kurk. Akwai dangin dangi, waɗanda suka siffata marayu biyu. An kuma shawarce su kuma ba su yi nadama da kudin ba, hayar 'yan'uwa maza, sun aika zuwa Dresden, Tylol da Berlin.
A cikin Kursk Mukhina ta tafi karatu a makaranta. Tare da daraja, kammala karatun daga motsa jiki, sai ta koma Moscow. Masu gadi suna shirin nemo yarinyar ango, kodayake wannan ba wani ɓangare na imani ba. Ta yi mafarkin da aka bi da ita ta hanyar zane da wata rana ta koma Paris. A halin da ake ciki, makomar mai rikitarwa ta fara binciken zanen a cikin manyan labarun Moscow.
Sassaka da kerawa
Daga baya, yarinyar ta tafi babban birnin Faransa kuma an sami sane da abin da aka tsara don zama mai sihiri. Mai jagoranci na farko a wannan yanki ya kasance don Mukhhina Emilina Emil, dalibin almara na Rougus. Ta kuma tafi Italiya, ta yi nazarin aikin shahararrun masu fasaha na lokacin Renaissance. A cikin 1914, Mukhina ta koma Moscow.
Bayan kammala juyin juya halin Oktoba, Lenin ya kirkiro wani shiri don samar da biranen birane kuma ya jawo hankalin matasa matasa da wannan. A cikin 1918, Mukhina ta karbi oda ga halittar wani abin tunawa ga N. I Novikov. Yarinyar ta yi lakabi da yumbu kuma ta aiko shi don amincewa da Aawar Wutar Sanarwar Zabi na Resfsr. An kiyasta aikin bangaskiyar, amma ta yi nasarar gama shi. Tunda aka kiyaye lamarin a cikin wuraren motsa jiki na bitar, yumɓu da yawa bai lalace ba, an lalatar da aikin.
Hakanan, a cikin tsarin tsarin Leniniyanci na Moniyanci, Mukhina Andard Skets A cikin matasa, halin yarinyar ba ta yarda ta daina rabin hanya ba, har ma da ƙananan abubuwa suka yi la'akari da tsammanin wasu. Don haka a cikin tarihin matar, aikin farko a cikin aikin ya bayyana.
Kiyayar imani ya nuna ba wai kawai a cikin sassaka zane ba. A cikin 1925, ta haifar da tarin riguna. Don dinki, kayan m m ya zaɓi, ciki har da haɗarin, saƙa zane da zane, maɓakai an cire su daga itace, da huluna - daga rogoodh. Ba tare da kayan ado ba. Ga kayan ado, mai scultor ya zo da abin ado na asali da ake kira "tsarin zakara". Tare da tarin da aka kirkira, matar ta je wurin bikin a cikin Paris. Ta gabatar da tufafi tare da mai zanen salon N. P. LAManova kuma ya karbi babban kyautar a gasar.
A cikin lokacin daga shekarar 1926 zuwa 1930, Mukhina ta koyar a babbar hanyar sananniyar fasaha da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha da Makarantar Fasaha ta Masana'antu.
Sulowar "baƙaƙen" ya zama babban aiki a cikin aikin ƙwararru na mace. Aikin ya sadaukar da bikin tunawa da shekaru na 10 da Oktoba, har ma da shahararren mai zane Ilya Mashkov ya amsa gaskiya game da ita. A cikin nunin, abin tunawa ya dauki wuri 1. Kuma bayan "pegasy" yi farin ciki da nuna Venice, an saya da gidan kayan gargajiya na garin Trieste. A yau, wannan aikin ya cika tarin kayan gargajiya na Vatican a Rome.
Taimaka wa al'adun kasar nan ya yi imani da halittarta "aiki da gonar hadin gwiwa." Figures na maza da mata a cikin 1937 wanda aka sanya a cikin Paris a cikin Nunin Duniya, kuma daga baya jigilar su zuwa ga marubucin marubucin kuma an sanya a kan EDS. Wannan abin tunawa ya zama alama ce ta sabon Moscow, fim din MosfiT na Mosfio. An yi amfani da hoton mutum-mutumi na Mosse.
Daga cikin ayyukan bangaskiya Mukhina - Abubuwa M. Gorky da P. Tchaikovsky. Shekaru da yawa, mace ta yi aiki a kan samar da zane-zane don gadar Moskvetsky, amma lokacin rayuwarsa, yana yiwuwa a sanya burodin abinci guda ɗaya kawai - abinci ". An kirkiro sauran kyawawan abubuwa 5 bayan mutuwar mug.
A cikin shekarun yaƙi, bangaskiya ta kirkiro gidan kayan tarihi wanda ya kunshi hotunan sculasication. Gallery na mata sun sake hotunan G. Ulanva, N. Yusupova da I. Khizhnyak. Kodayake takardu ne ke tabbatar da halin Mukhina zuwa halittar ƙirar ƙirar sanannen graf, ba, amma da yawa suna dangana ga marubutan wannan tasa, wanda a cikin shekarun Soviet aka yi amfani da shi a cikin mashahuri.
Rayuwar sirri
Bangaskiyar soyayya ta farko ta hadu a Paris. Lokacin da yarinyar ta koyi fasahar kirkirar zane-zane, game da gina rayuwar mutum kuma bai yi tunani ba, saboda an mai da hankali ne ga karbar ilimi. Amma zuciya ba ta yin oda.
Zabi daya daga cikin wani abinci wani dan ta'adda Eseer Essrander Vertiv. Koyaya, ma'aurata sun kasance suna wanzuwa, a cikin 1914, matasa sun watse. Vera ta je ziyarci dangi zuwa Rasha, kuma Iskander ya tafi gaban yaƙin. Rayuwa a Rasha, Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, yarinyar ta sami labarin mutuwar ƙaunataccensa, da kuma farkon farkon juyin juya halin Oktoba.
Tare da mijinsa na gaba, Mukhin ya gana da lokacin yakin basasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin m, ta taimaka wajen ciyar da rauni. Tare da ita, wani matashin kai na soja Alexeley Zamkov yayi aiki. Matasa sun ƙaunaci juna kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1918. A yanar gizo har ma an gabatar da hotunan haɗin gwiwa na ma'auratan. A karo na farko da matasa bai yi tunani game da yara ba. Tare da dole ne su tsira daga matsanancin jin yunwa, wanda kawai ke lalata dangi kuma sun nuna ainihin ji na wani mutum da mace.
A aure an haifi ɗa, wanda aka kira vsevolod. A shekara 4, yaron ya yi rashin lafiya. Bayan rauni, an kafa kumburin tarin fuka a cikin rauni. Dukkanin likitocin da suka sami iyaye, sun ƙi kula da shi, domin an dauki karar ba bege ba. Amma mahaifin bai rage hannuwansa ba lokacin da babu wani zabi na wani, da shi da kansa ya yi aiki a gida, fiye da ceton ransa. Lokacin da vsevolod ya dawo, ya yi nazari kuma ya zama masanin kimiyyar yaudara, daga baya ya gabatar da jikokinsa ga iyayensa.
Kulashi Zamkova ya haura lokacin da ya kirkiro da shiri na hormonal "Grageldidandandodan", wanda ya zama maganin masana'antu na farko a duniya. Koyaya, ci gaban likita an yaba da marasa lafiya kawai, likitocin Soviet sun fusata. A kusan daidai wannan lokacin, hukumar ta daina yarda da duk sabbin bangarorin bangaskiyar, babban dalili shine "Bourgeois asalin marubucin". Masu bincike mara iyaka da'a, ba da daɗewa ba suka kawo matar mace don bugun zuciya, saboda haka dangin sun yanke shawarar tserewa a Latvia.
Ba da lokacin da za a iya zuwa wurin da aka nufa, an dakatar da dangi kuma ya koma baya. Ana yin tambayoyi masu fugive, kuma bayan koma Voronezh. Ajiye matsayin na biyu Maxim Gorky. An kula da marubucin na ɗan lokaci daga wani mutum da kuma gyara lafiya godiya ga "tsakad". Marubucin ya ce kasar ke bukatar irin wannan likita, bayan da an dawo da dangin zuwa babban birnin kuma har ma ya ba da izinin bude Cibiyarsa.
Mutuwa
Vera Mukhina ta mutu a cikin Fall of 1953, to tana da shekara 64. Dalilin mutuwa ya dade da Laina mai wahala.Kabarin na Scultor yana kan makircin na biyu na makabarta Novodevichy.
Aiki
- Monument "ma'aikaci da na gama kai" a Moscow
- Sculery "burodi" da "haihuwa" a Moscow
- Sculery "teku" a Moscow
- Monument Maxim Gorky a Moscow
- Kabets kagara a makabarta novodevichy a Moscow
- Tsarin Sculasication "Farhad Da Shirin" a Volgograd
- Monument Maxim Gorky a Nizhny Novgorood
- Siffar "Salama" a cikin volgograd