Tari
Tare da Eschil da LIPID, Sofokl wani tsohon nejin na gargajiya, wanda aka adana ayyukan yau da kullun, amma 7 daga cikinsu kawai ya isa ga mai karatu na zamani. Shekaru 50, an dauke shi mafi kyawun mawaƙin Athens: An yi asara a cikin gasa mai shekaru 6, yayin da ba ya saukar da ƙasa da wurin 2. Darajar kirkira na mai ban dariya ba ya raguwa har zuwa yau.Ƙaddara
Sophokl da aka haife kimanin 496 zuwa n. Ns. A ciki, yankin Athens, a cikin amintaccen dangin mai masana'anta na Sofilla. Mahaifin ya haifar da ɗansa, amma wani yaro mai 'ya'ya yana da alaƙa da fasaha. Tunda yaro, Sofokl najin kiɗa, da kuma bayan nasarar Helenawa a Farisawa a cikin Yaƙin Salalian na 480 zuwa N. Ns. Ya nufi mabiyan matasa, ya bi da jarumin gwarzon.
An haɗa tarihin rayuwar mawaƙin ba shi da wasan kwaikwayo ba, har ma tare da rayuwar siyasa-siyasa. Mai yiwuwa, a cikin 443-442 BC. Ns. Sophokl ya kunshi koleji na Treaschair na ƙungiyar Union, kuma a cikin 440 BC. Ns. Zaba dabarun yakin Samos. A tsohon zamanin Helenanci, an haɗa su a cikin tafiye-tafiye, waɗanda masu ba da shawara waɗanda suka taimaka wa Athens na wa'azi a cikin yakin Peloponnesian a cikin yakin Peloponnesian a cikin yakin Peloponnesian.
A cikin aikin hoton hoto na lallaetsov, Athena ya gwada cewa an gwada Sofokl ga maza:
"Sofokl na son yara maza kamar Sinawa kamar Lafiya ƙaunatattun mata."
Ba shi yiwuwa a musanta wannan gaskiyar daga rayuwar mutum, amma an san shi da tabbacin cewa Sophokla yana da mata - wani Nickeleton. Daga cikin yaran biyu a cikin aure na doka, daya ne kawai, iofonte, an haife shi. Dan na biyu, ɗan, Ariston, an haife shi daga hitreda na Fitide Sikion. Aofont ya shiga cikin zangon Uba kuma ya zama ɗan wasa.
Tun da shekaru 90, Sophokl ya mutu a 406 zuwa n. Ns. Akwai nau'ikan 3 na bala'in. Dangane da masana tarihi Istrr da Neanfu, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan da aka cim a cikin innabi. Dangane da labarun Satira, yayin karatun "Antigona" a gaban jama'a, sofokl bai yi lissafin ajiyar huhun ba kuma wanda ya ɗauka a kan dogon magana.
Littafi na uku yana da cewa sanadin mutuwa sashe na gaba ne kan gasa na rubutu - Marakulan, ya mutu daga zuciya.
Sofokla binne ta hanya, wanda ya jagoranci daga Athens zuwa birnin Diller. A kan kabarin kabarin, rubutaccen rubutu ne:
"A cikin wannan kabari, a cikin gidan ibada mai tsarki, ɓoye kwanakin nan mai ban tausayi, wanda ya ɗauki sama a cikin fasaharsu mai ɗaukaka."Abin mamaki da gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Eschil ya kasance misali ga Sofokla don kwaikwayo, amma mafi yawan wasan kwaikwayo na balagagge (eschyl shekara 29) sunyi amfani da dabarun lalata matasa cikin ayyuka. Misali, Sofokl ya fara kara zuwa matakin dan wasan na uku, da ya rage rage matsayin mawaƙa, sai banda wurin shakatawa na Eschyl. Girkanci ya canza adadin la'anar - daga mutane 15 zuwa 12, har ma ya cire marubucin wasan daga cikin masu magana (galibi saboda raunin muryar nasu). Godiya ga waɗannan sababbin sababbin abubuwa, an sake farfaɗo gidan wasan kwaikwayo na at Atles.
Aikin mai ban tausayi a cikin shekaru sun bazu fiye da iyakokin Athens. Shugabannin kasashen waje galibi suna tambayar grek don yin su, amma ba kamar Espa ba, wanda ya mutu a Sicily, ko kuma Luclid, wanda ya ziyarci Makidoniya, Sofokl bai yarda da gayyata ba. Ya fi son rubuta ga masu hada gwiwa, kuma su, ya ƙarfafa Sofokla da kuɗaɗe da kuri'un a gasa a rubuce.
Daga gasa 30, Wasannin Wasanni ya yi nasara a kan bukukuwan 18 na Allah Dionysus da kan hutu 6 na Lena. Nasara ta farko da ta faru a cikin 469 BC. e. A lokacin da Sofokl, yana gabatar da teke ga mutanen mutane (ba su tsira), da Eschil ya zarce ba.
Dangane da kimatun Aristophane Byzantine, Sophokl ya rubuta ayyuka 123, "injaks", "Odigtra", "Odigtra", a kan na "," trackers ". Shahararrun wasan kwaikwayon shine "Sarki Edip" (429-426 BC), wanda Aristotle a cikin "melistle" ake kira da kyau na balaguron aikin.
A tsakiyar makircin - oedip, wanda mahaifinsa, Sarkin Lai, ya firgita da Lai zai zama wanda ya kashe shi kuma aaci mahaifiyarsa ga Iokasta, ya yanke shawarar kawar da yaron. Mutumin da aka danganta shi ya kashe ɗan da aka kafa yaron mara aminci, ya kuma tara makiyayi. Sannan Edbila ya dauki Tayb.
Da ya balaga, ɗan Laaa koya game da annabcin da ya bar gidan mahaifinsa, amma ya kai karusar a hanya. A cikin yaƙin, saurayi ya kashe tsohon mutum da tauraruwa uku. Tsohon ya kasance Lai. Ci gaba, zama Sarkin FIV, Oidipus ya auri Omoasta, ya fito da kashi na biyu na annabcin.
Mummunan rashin lafiya ya faɗi a birni. Kokarin magance dalilan wadanda abin ya shafa, mazaunan sun kai ga Oracle, kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa maganin yana cikin hijira yana cikin bauta daga Sarkin sarki na sarki. Don haka Edipa ta buɗe mummunan abin takaici irin laifi. Ba a iya jimre wa baƙin ciki ba, Omoatta ta ƙare rayuwar kashe kansa, kuma Edtip, ya ɗauki rashin cancanta, yana jinkirta kansa a makanta, yana ɗaukar idanunsa.
Gida "Tsar Edip" bude abin da ake kira fran sake zagayowar FVan. A Dionysia, wannan tarin ya dauki matsayi na 2 ta hanyar gabatar wa aikin da dan uwan Eschil - Phitet. Duk da haka, Birtaniyar Muryaran labarai Richard Clavverweotle ta amince da Aristhause Jebbus, lura da cewa wasan "a wata ma'ana shine gwanintar balaguro." Bayan nazarin aikin, Sigmund Freud ya bude "hadaddun OEIEIPUS" - abin jan hankalin jima'i da yaro ga iyayen kishiyar mata.
A ci gaba da labarin game da Tsar, Sofokl ya rubuta wasan "oedipal a cikin mallaka" (406 BC), wanda aka ɗaga bayan mutuwar mawaƙin - a 401 BC. Ns. Aikin ya gaya wa yadda aka ba da labari a cikin FIV tare da 'yar Anthihogoy wander a kusa da Girka don neman sabon gida. Sun karɓi labarai cewa 'ya'yan makafi, ɗalibin da aka shirya su je junan ku ta hanyar karagar gidan don kursiyin Fiv. A yayin ganawa tare da ɗayan 'ya'ya maza, la'anar duka daga hannun juna. Aikin ya ƙare da mutuwar makaho.
Bala'in na ƙarshe na tsarin zagayayyar FVan shine "Angon" (442-441 BC. E). Babban matsalar wasan shine rikicewar dokokin jihar da jin kai. 'Yan uwan antigogy suna yi yaƙi kuma suna mutuwa, a cewar la'anar juna, daga hannun junanmu. Sarki mai mulki ya haramta bin Jikin, ya bar shi kamar macijin, ya lalace a rana.
Antigone ya zo da nufin sarki kuma ya bit da ɗan'uwansa bisa ga dokokin gargajiya, wanda sarki ya sa ya kaifi yarinyar a cikin hasumiya. An yi wa yin biyayya, Antigone ya kammala rayuwar kansa, wanda ke ba da ƙarin mutuwa biyu - ƙaunataccen ta da mahaifiyarsa, bi da bi.
Makullin masani na guda na Sophocla shine gwarzo mutane ne na mutane: suna da tsoro da rauni, ana iya jarabce su da zunubi. Don haka, bala'i na "lantarki" ya gaya wa yarinyar da ɗan'uwanta, oreste wanda ke so ya ɗauki fansa a kan mahaifiyarta da ƙaunarta ta rasuwar mahaifinta. Kuma idan an yiwa ubalin na Apollo, waƙar lantarki a kan kiran zuciya, ya jagoranci ta da rai mai zurfi.
A cikin ban mamaki ayyuka na Hellenanci, sa hannun Allah ya zama ƙasa da mahimmanci, kuma mutum ya fi kyauta. Kuma duk da haka, a cikin addini, sofokl ya sauraron ceto, mawaƙin ya fahimci cewa mutane ba su da iyaka. A lokaci guda, adoninin mutum ya mutu, bisa doka, saboda girman kansa. A cikin "Ajax" ya ce:
"Yin hankali shi ne cewa yana nufin kada ya zagi alloli da kalmar rashin gaskiya, kada fushinsu ya tayar musu."Ya dace a lura cewa Sofokl mutum mutum ne, kuma bayan mutuwa an hada shi.
Matsalar matsalolin Helenanci sun juya don yadda ya dace da al'ummar zamani, cewa a kan ayyukan Sofokla cire. Mafi mashahuri shi ne "antigone" - kimanin garkuwa 20 an cire shi a kan wasa, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 1990 "Antigona: Tare da Janet Eylber a cikin jagorancin.
Faɗa
Kalma ɗaya tana fallasa mu daga kowane nauyi da rayuwa: wannan kalmar ƙauna ce. Babu wani abu koyaushe don yanke hukunci mai farin ciki har rayuwarsa ta ƙare.Littafi daya
- 450-435 BC - "Trachins"
- 450-440 BC Ns. - "Ajax" "(" EAN "," Biekosets ")
- 442-441 BC - "Antigona"
- 429-426 BC Ns. - "King Edip" ("Edip-Tirans")
- 415 BC - "lantarki"
- 404 bc - "Phokict"
- 406 BC Ns. - "Oidip a kan Kankin"
- "Cathfender"