Tari
Horace (Quinte Horrace Horcc) tsohuwar mawaƙan Roman ne na "shekaru na Zinare" na zamanin da ƙungiyar Octusian Augustus, wanda aikinsa ya kasance gabaɗaya bayin yanci da kuma bautarsa. Peter dinsa nasa ne "Monument", wanda ya haramta a cikin canja wurin da fassarorin manyan marubutan Rasha. Marubucin na farko na tarihin rayuwar duniya, cikin rubuce-rubucensa, ya gaya wa kansa, halinsa, halaye da salo.Yaro da matasa
An haife Horace Horace Flakk a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 65 BC. Ns. A cikin birnin Italiyanci na Venose, kwance a kan kasuwancin tsakanin Apulia da Lukania. Yankin da masu hijira suka yi keke da masu hijira waɗanda suka yi magana game da yaruka daban-daban, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban harshe daga horace.
Uba Lyrics sun yi wani ɓangare na rayuwa cikin bauta, ya kasance mutum ne mai wadataccen iyawa da ya ba shi damar samun 'yanci da kuma tabbatar da kayan rayuwar iyali. Game da Horace Horace ba san wani abu ba, amma a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka ambata game da Nyan Biliya. Iyaye sun kwashe karamin arziki akan samuwar SAN, ya koma Roma don bin nasarorin makarantar da ci gaban ɗabi'a na waƙoƙin nan gaba.
Mai yiwuwa, bayan mutuwar Uba, a shekaru 19, rakiyar hagu Rome da ci gaba da karatunsa a Athens, inda a wancan lokacin shi ne Kwalejin ta Plato. Yaron ya shiga cikin dalibi wanda ya fi so, ya kuma san ɗan Ciko, ya shiga al'adun wallafe-wallafen gargajiya na gargajiya da falsafa.
Bayan kisan, Julia Kaisar a Athens ya iso brut. A Neman magoya bayan kasuwancin Republican, ya yaba da karu a makarantar makarantar Plattonic da kuma realibai. Horrat a tsakanin sauran matasa suka shiga cikin sabis a cikin shugabannin ƙwafan sojoji, posts waccan zuriyar mahaya ko masu saniya yawanci sun mamaye.
Bayan da aka kashe sojojin mugaye a cikin Silp na Filibus a cikin shekarar 42 zuwa n. Ns. Da wa'azin nan gaba, tare da sauran sojoji da jami'an suka bar matsayin rarrabuwa. Ya bi da ra'ayoyin sa na siyasa da yarda da afuwa ta farko, da magoya bayan Brotheran'uwan da suka gabatar.
Komawa Italiya, Horrace ya gano cewa an kwace agaji na Uba a Venuia a cikin yarda da Kungiyar Keear Veterans. An kawo saurayin ga talauci kuma ya nemi waƙoƙi, wanda zai iya ba da bege na zuwa nan gaba ta hanyar sanin marubutan da masu wadatarsu. Ya shiga cikin post na magatakarda a cikin tambaya a baitulmalin da kuma gudanarwa cikin sabuntawa a cikin 39-38 BC. Ns.
Wallafa waƙoƙi
Zuwa matakin farko na kirkirar rubutu, rakumi ya ƙunshi "Epodes" da "sati" a Latin. Waƙar tarin farko, wanda aka aro daga tsohuwar Satirtik Archiloch, a cikin mawallafin Mambic, wanda aka rarrabe shi da hankalin mahalli na 'yan'uwa na' yan ƙasa.
"Satiy" an rubuta ta a wani nau'in tattaunawar kyauta ga littattafan Latin. An kafa tunanin masana ilimin falsafa da Hexameter da aka rubuta yayin tattaunawar da masu tattaunawar kuma suna tare da barkwanci, barkwanci, suna da rai misalai. Ba kamar wanda ya riga ta ba, Lucilia Horact ya rubuta saticical ayyukan ta harshen da aka ambata daga harshen ɗan majalisa ilimi. Yin watsi da batutuwa na siyasa, marubucin, yana ƙarfafa kansa, ya shafi matsalolin zamantakewa da ɗabi'a na tsohuwar Rome da mazaunanta.
Bayan sakin tarin farko a cikin shekaru 39-38 kafin BC. Ns. Horacie na sha'awar magoya bayan Ocvian Babban Societyungiyar Roman na saurayin saurayi ta hanyar aboki na mai mulki, Metzen Arts.
Horact ya kusanci abin da yake ma ma a cikin 37 BC. Ns. Tare da shi a cikin tafiya a cikin brindisi, aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan mawuyacin hali a matsayin jerin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma hadurrukan cutarwa a kan hanya. A zahiri, tafiya ta kasance halin siyasa cewa wani matashi marubuci ya ɓoye daga mai karatu. A cewar masu binciken, Horor din ya kasance tare da wani taimako a daya daga cikin balaguron teku Ocpsuvia, wanda ya yi a yakin Roman a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 31 ga N. Ns.
Bayan buga littafin farko "Satir" a cikin tsakiyar 30s zuwa N. Ns. Mawakokin da aka karbi daga kawunanta na Sabinsk villa, wanda bai yi nisa da garin Libenza. Baya ga mallakar ƙasa, Horoor ya sami kudin shiga daga masu haya 5, wanda ya ba shi damar kammala aikinsa a cikin baitul malin kuma gaba ɗaya ya haifar da kerawa gaba daya.
Matsayi na gaba na tarihin halittu, rakumin ya zama "wari", wanda aka samo asali ne "Waƙoƙi". Mawaki ya dace da siffofin su da batutuwa daga Girkanci lyrics na VII - VI Cernies zuwa N. Ns. A rashin daidaituwa an inganta shi azaman sanannen kwaikwayon wani ɗan gajeren zabin ɗan gajeren magana na Girka - Pindar, sauke da Jake. Horar Hoor ya nuna kansa a cikin amfani da tsoffin siffofin zuwa ainihin gaskiyar.
"Ad" nuna kusanci ga tsarin mulki da hankali ga ci gaban akidar. Rubutun sun san al'amuran jama'a, ba mantawa da jaddada muhimmancin rayuwar mutum ba. Sun rufe wasu batutuwa da yawa: ƙauna, abokantaka, da giya, ta addini, ɗabi'a, kishin ƙasa.
A cikin gefen Horace ya yaba wa Octavian a cikin Hyperbles, wanda maimaita ma'anar magana ta Kotun Hellenistic. A cikin tsawon 27-24 BC. Ns. An da hankali da tsarin siyasa a cikin ayyukan mawaƙi a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙasashen waje a cikin Burtaniya, Arab, Spain da Parfia. Hoor Comar da Agusta zai dawo zuwa Rome a cikin 24 BC. Ns. A matsayin mai da kuka fi so, wanda lafiyarsa ya dogara ga farin ciki.
"Ity" na mawallafin bai sami shahara a cikin al'umma a rayuwar marubucin ba. Koyaya, a cikin waƙa ta ƙarshe na littafin 3 na farko "Experty Monumentum aerer Perennius" ("Monument" ko "a Mellumentnius da rashin jin daɗi na Rome. Wannan aikin ya ƙwarewar Mahalicci kuma ya yi masaukin motocin da yawa na Rasha. Dukkanin duniya an san su da canja wurin da canja wurin na 30th Horros, wanda Mikhail Derzhavin, Afananius Fetom.
A cikin shekaru 21-20 kafin Ns. Mawaki ya sanyaya wa duk ko dai gunkata kuma ya rubuta littafin "Saƙonni" jawabi ga abokai da kuma sanannu. Tsarin ladabi na poems na wannan tarin ya nuna sabon matsayin zamantakewa na mawaƙin da aka samar a cikin Knights. Marubucin ya bayyana cewa ya fi sha'awar falsafar halin ɗabi'a fiye da wallafe-wallafe. Koyaya, hali da stocizaice ba ya nuna tunani game da ɗabi'a.
Yayin rubuta littafin farko na "Saƙonni" na Horace, nuna 'yancinsu, sun kori karfin wannan duniyar. Ya ƙi gayyatar magabatan. Babban taken tarin mawana ya ba da shawarar Emperor Agusta. Ya ba da umarnin saƙon a ayoyi da aka yi magana da kansa. Mai sharhi ya nuna alamar mawaki na sirri, amma a raga ya ƙi wannan ra'ayin, yarda don rubuta wasiƙar rubutu.
"An buga rubutun Agusta" a cikin 11 BC. Ns. An sadaukar da shi ne ga ka'idar da aka sani da zargi, ambaci ambaci amfani da sojan soji na Sarkin Tiberius, da Druh. Sanarwar cikakkun magana ta mawaƙar da aka sadaukar da Odu ta kira "jubilee wrmn", wanda aka rubuta don 'yan matan Apollo kuma cike da wani mutum daga cikin samari da' yan mata a cikin 17 BC. Ns.
Rayuwar sirri
Horace yana ƙaunar kadaici, ba shi da mata ko yara. Ya kewaye shi da firistoci na ƙauna - heereres. Mutumin ya sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa da yawa daga ƙaunataccensa, wanda ya fi son samari masu kyan gani. Yanzu da askari cewa wannan ba abin mamaki bane, sun bayyana wannan hoton: "ƙarancin girma, mai ɗaure, mai ɗaure".
Gidan wasan kwaikwayon sa sun kasance Chloe, "da fasaha a cikin raira waƙa da wasa a kan cobary", sanyayawar da aka yi, wanda aka tsara, wanda waƙar da ake kira ƙauna ta ƙarshe.
Harin UTAHAM RARRED A CIKIN SARINSKED. A cewar braoogphers, madubai da hotunan batsa da kuma waƙoƙi na iya ganin erotica a ko'ina, wanda ya mamaye wuri na ƙarshe a rayuwar kansa. Don tarurrukan hukuma da shigar da manyan baƙi, marubucin ya sami kaddarar 2 a yankin mai arziki na Rome.
Mutuwa
Horator ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, shekaru 8 BC. Ns. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwa, mawaƙi a ɗayan wautar da ya annabta cewa ba zai tsira daga matsayin abin sarautar ba. Tattaunawa ta zama gaskiya.
Ainihin sanadin haifar da mutuwar lyrics ba a shigar. An san cewa ba da daɗewa ba kafin lokacin da ya mamaye rashin lafiyar kwatsam. A cewar nufinsa, kayan aikinsa ta zama mallakar mai gidan Augustus, wanda ya ci nasara da ƙwaƙwalwar mawaƙa, ya ba da umarnin yin nazarin halittunsa a makarantu da kuma makarantu.
An binne rake a Rome a kan Hill, ba kusa da kabarin maɓar ba.
Faɗa
Duk daren dare yana jiran wannan daren, kowa zai taɓa shiga tafarkin mutuwa. Idan ba ku gudu ba, har zuwa yau, lokacin da kuka yi rashin lafiya. Faɗa idan ranar. Sau da yawa yana ba da damar mahimman ayyuka mafi kyau da ƙarfi fiye da ingantaccen magana.Littafi daya
- 35 BC - "Liber na Liber, Satira i"
- 30 bc - "Epodes, epodes"
- 30 bc - Sermemum Liber Secunds, Satire II
- 23 BC - "Carminum Labarai, Oda I"
- 23 BC - "Carminum Labarai, Abiny II"
- 23 BC - "Carminum Laber Tertius, ODES III"
- 20 BC - "Episturaryum Limus, saƙonni I"
- 24 ko 10 g. BC. - "Kashe jayaki, sako zuwa pisons"
- 17 G. BC. - "Carmen Searakafi, karni na karni"
- 14 G. BC. - "EpisTayanum Laber Sethunds, saƙonnin II"
- 13 G. BC. - "Carminum Liber Quartus, Oda IV"