Tari
Kurt Vonnegut marubuci marubuci ne na Amurka, marubucin marubuci kuma ɗan asalin karni na 20. Wadanda ba su da masaniya game da ayyukansa, da alama suna fuskantar Aphoris na marubucin. Ana ɗaukar shahararrun ayyukan Kurt Wannegut ana ɗaukar littattafan "shanu mai ban tsoro" da "laf lamba lamba biyar, ko kuma crusade na yara."Yaro da matasa
Kurt Vonnegut an haife shi ne a cikin gidan Jamusanci a Nuwamba 11, 1922. Geathasarsa ita ce birnin Indiapolis, wanda sau da yawa ya bayyana a cikin ayyukan marubucin. Mahaifin Yaron ya kasance mai kafa kafa na kamfani mai gina, kuma mahaifiyar - 'yar mara lafiya wanda ya samu fashewa. Wonneguts sun hada da yara uku, Kurt yana da ɗan'uwa da 'yar uwa: Bernard da Alice.
Wannan lokacin babban abin baƙin ciki ya sanya dangi damuwa game da yanayin kuɗi, kamar yadda abubuwa suka lalace. Shugaban Iyali ya kasance ba tare da aiki ba. A wannan lokacin, mahaifiyar Kurt ta bayyana rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, hanyar da ba za a iya samu ba. A sakamakon haka, a shekarar 1944, wata mata ta kashe kansa. Wannan lamari ya kasance mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Kurt.
A rayuwar mahaifinsa, kammala karatun daga makarantu a makaranta na makaranta, Vonnegut ya shiga Jami'ar Cornistry. Brotheran'uwansa a cikin 1939 ya karɓi digiri a cikin sunadarai a cikin Cemistry a Cibiyar Massachusetts ta Percue, kuma mahaifa na iya nuna ikon wannan shugabanci.
Uba ya yi la'akari da sonan Sonan Tarihi da Falsafofefe Warness, kuma Kurt ba shi da sha'awar sunadarai. Tuni a wancan lokacin, hankalinsa gaba daya litattafai ne. Matakan farko a cikin tsarin kirkirar saurayin ya yi, aiki a jaridar ɗalibi.
Kurt Vonnegut bai yi karatun digiri a jami'a ba. Bayan an kashe shekaru 3 a cikin cibiyar ilimi, ya fi yarda a matsayin mai edita da mai bincike. Farkon yakin duniya na II ya sa mutumin ya shiga sojojin. An tura shi zuwa Jami'ar Carnegie, sannan Tennessee, inda ya yi nazarin injiniyan injiniya.
Sabis na soja da aiki
Bayan zuwa gaban, Vonnegut kusan nan da nan gaji da Jamusanci. Ya sami kansa a sansanin mai aiki a Dresden, inda ya lura da abin da ke faruwa a cikin yakin. An kafa abubuwan da aka nuna game da ayyukan marubucin. A lokacin da Airways Airways ya faru, an kulle fursunoni a cikin sarautar yanka, inda ake amfani da gawawwakin nama. Dresden ya kasance a cikin kango, kuma Kurta ta hanyar yin nasarar rayuwa.
Ya shiga cikin fadar na bumps. Dangane da maganganun Vonnegut, a kalla mutane dubu 25 a cikin wadanda aka kashen. Daga baya hangen nesan waɗannan abubuwan, marubucin zai bayyana a cikin aikin "lambar abinci 5, ko Coursade na yara."
Bayan 'yantar da LeIPzig, an tura fursunoni zuwa yankin Sundagaan. Kokarin Sojojin Soviet, an fito da wannan yanki daga masu garu a cikin Mayu 1945. Wonneguta ya gabatar da kyautar "Zuciyar Zuciya", wanda aka yi niyya ga wanda aka azabtar, rauni a lokacin yaƙin. Marubucin lambar yabo bai taɓa jin mahimmanci da muhimmanci ba, saboda raunin ya kasance maras muhimmanci.
Komawa daga yakin, Vonnegut ya zauna a cikin kasarsu kuma ta shiga Studio Studio na Jami'ar Chicago. Horar da wani marubucin novice hade tare da aikin dan rahotannin 'yan sanda. Ya sami matsayi a Ofishin Labaran City. A shekara ta 1947, wani mutum ya sanya rubutunsa a kan batun daidaito na ma'auni tsakanin kyawawan halaye masu kyau da mugunta a cikin tatsuniyoyi. Aikin ya soki shi kuma bai yarda ba. Matsayin Jagora Kurt Vonnegut ya karba a 1971. Wannan rinjayi ta sakin littafin "Cat Cat".
Wonnegut ya koma garin da ake kira Sakkwali da kuma kokarin dangi, ya samu aiki a cikin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dranie, inda ya zama manajan hulda da jama'a. Ayyukan kwararren kwararru sun hada da rubuta labarai na labarai kan binciken da aka gano, an kammala su a dakunan gwaje-gwajen kamfanin. Vonnegut linged nan har 1951.
Sadarwa tare da masana kimiyya sun bar alama a cikin aikin marubucin. Yin nauyi na gaggawa a lokacin rana, da dare ya rubuta labarai. Wasu daga cikinsu sun shigo cikin mujallar "a mako na Cololly". Bayan jerin gazawar, littafin da aka buga da aka buga 2 rubuce-rubucen, biyan wasu ayyukan $ 1.7 dubu.
Littattafai
Yawancin gaskiyar abubuwan tarihin rayuwar tarihin sun kafa tushen ayyukan marubuci. Abubuwan da suka faru sun ci gaba a cikin ƙuruciyarsa sun bayyana a littafin "Utopia 14", wanda aka buga a 1952. Marubucin ya bayyana nan gaba wanda mutum a cikin kowane filin aiki zai iya maye gurbin motar. Bayanan litattafan "Sirena Talan", sun buga a 1959, da kuma "cat crade", da aka buga a 1963, ana kirga su ne don almara.
A shekarar 1967, Kurtie Vonnegut da aka bai wa marubutan Gugwenheim, wanda ya ba marubucin don ziyartar Dresden don tattara kayan don sabon littafin. Misali na salon da Wennegut da halayensa ana la'akari da littafin "Lissafin Biyayi 5, ko kuma gurbi na yara", da aka buga a shekarar 1969. A shekarar 1972, George Roy Hill ya dauki fim a kai. Kinokartinina ya zama wanda ya yi nasara a fim din Cannes fim.
A lokacin daga shekarar 1965 zuwa 1967, marubucin ya haɗu da Jami'ar Iowa, sakamakon wanda tarin labarun da ake kira "Maraba da zuwa ga duniya. Wonnegut ya yi kokarin kansa kuma a matsayin dan wasa, samar da wasa "ranar haihuwa, wanda Warfin An saka aikin a matakin New York Atter, kuma a shekarar 1971 Alamar Daraktan Markuson ya kwantar da kayan aikin fim.
A cikin 1973, hasken ya ga "karin kumallo don zakarun". A daidai wannan lokacin, an sanya Wannegu ya sanya taken Farfesa game da litattafan Ingilishi a Jami'ar New York. Wannan ya biyo bayan buga litattafan littafin Balasgan, "kananan babu miss", "mai da hankali ga Pokus" da sauransu. Dangane da masu sukar, Kurt Vonnegut hade da abubuwan almara na kimiyya tare da Grotesque hadin gwiwar Misalai a cikin ayyuka.
A cikin 1994, marubucin ya bayyana a fili kammala aikin rubutu, amma a cikin 1997 an sake yin littafi mai tsarki tare da sabon labari ". Har zuwa 2000, marubucin da aka buga rubutun da yawa. A cikin 2005, littafin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa da ake kira "mutum ba tare da wata ƙasa" ba. Aikin ya zama na ƙarshe a ayyukan littafin Kurt Vonnegut.
Rayuwar sirri
A karo na farko, Vonnegut aure Jane Maria Coke. Sonan da mata an haife su cikin aure. Kurt ya yarda da mahimmancin yanke shawara ta hanyar ɗaukar 'yan uwa 3 a karkashin tsaro. Sun kasance marayu bayan mutuwar 'yar'uwar Wannegut da matarta mata. A cikin aure na biyu tare da matarsa, Jil Clementz Kurt ya fara harba yarinya wacce ta ci gaba da ɗa a cikin babban danginsa.
Rayuwar marubucin ba ta zama mai sauki ba. Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1957. Shekara daga baya, 'yar uwa Alice ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa. Matar mace, wacce ta je ta ziyarce ta, ta shiga hatsarin mota. Hakki ya faɗi cikin wani mutum galibi ana tura shi da tunani mara kyau. Rashin ƙauna waɗanda suka fi so su karfafa baƙin ciki, wanda ya kasance yana halarta da wanegut. Sau da yawa yana tunanin kisan kai, amma ya ji tsoron shigar da misalin mummunan misali.
Baya ga baiwa mai rubutu, marubucin yana da sha'awar zane. Ya fi son zane-zane. Don "karin kumallo don zakarun" Kurt da kansa haifar da wani kwatancen wani alkalami mai faɗi. Hotunan da aka gama tsara yanayin a cikin rubutu.
Marubucin sau da yawa suna tare da abubuwan da ya shafi nasa tare da misalai, yana watsa hoto na al'adun Amurkawa ta hanyar iliminsa na tsinkayen nasa. Tun daga 1993, Kurt Vonnegut ya kasance cikin kirkira tare da Joe Petro III, jadawalin da ya taimaka ƙirƙirar hotuna don littattafai. A cikin Amurka, ana iya gudanar da nune-nunen nune-nune-nune-nune-nune-nune-nune lokaci na wnenegut a cikin ganniyar kyakkyawan art.
Mutuwa
Marubucin ya yi aiki mai tsufa da tsufa kuma yana ƙaunar babban abin da rayuwarsa. Kurt Vonnegut ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2007 yana da shekara 84. Ya fadi rauni kuma ya samu rauni mai kwakwalwa wanda ya haifar da mutuwar marubuci.
Aikin marubucin yana bukatar a kasashe daban-daban na duniya. Littattafan nasa ana ɗaukarsu wani yanayi na ƙarni na 20, kuma kwatancen ya zama aphorisms. Mutuwar dan kasar nan a asalin Indiapolis an gane ta hanyar bada haraji ga aikinsa. 2007 Anan anan aka ayyana shekarar WANNEGU. Photo Kurt Vonneguta ya dace da shafukan litattafan litattafai akan adabi.
Littafi daya
- 1952 - "Utopia 14" ("Piano na inji")
- 1959 - "Sireanna Titan"
- 1961 - "Uwar Duhu"
- 1963 - "Cathleath '
- 1965 - "savory lamba lamba biyar, ko kuma crusade na yara"
- 1973 - "karin kumallo na zakarun zakarun, ko ban kwana, baƙar fata"
- 1976 - "FARC, ko jimlar kadaici"
- 1979 - "Redivist"
- 1982 - "karami babu miss"
- 1985 - "Galapagos"
- 1987 - "Blue Geard"
- 1990 - "Mayar da hankali Pokus"
- 1997 - "Hard"