Tari
Yaroslav Gashek - marubucin Czech, wanda ya kawo littafin "Kasadar jarumi na soja". A cikin sabon labari, ya bayyana mafi mahimmancin matsaloli na karni, yana sa su sauƙaƙe don tsinkaye na zamani da zuriyar.
An haifi Yaroslav Gashek a cikin Prague a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1883. Marubucin yana da ɗan'uwana, Boguslav, wanda ya bayyana a shekaru 3 daga baya. Iyalin sun fito daga wani irin tsohuwar. Mahaifiyar Yusufu, Yusufu, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na likita da ilimin lissafi. Kakakan mahaifiyar Katerzin ya zama mataimaki na majalisar dokoki da aka yi wa juyin juya halin 1848. Iyaye sun hadu a garin da ake kira Pisek da shekaru 13 bayan taron sun yi aure.
Iyalin sun koma wurin Prague. Ba shi yiwuwa a kira shi lafiya. Mahaifin dangi ya yi kokarin kula da gobe kuma ya yi kokarin samar da ƙaunatattun. Daga dampness, an kamu da shan giya. Iyayen koda ba su iya tsayayya ba: An bukaci aikin da Yusuf bai tsini ba. Kula da yara sun kwanta a kafurara ta mahaifiyar, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin samun dinka lilin.
Bai kasance mai sauƙin biya don gidaje na cire ba, don haka Gashyi yana motsawa koyaushe. Ya shafi aikin Yaroslav na ilimi a makaranta. Shekaru 2 na farko bayan shigar da gidan motsa jiki, ɗalibin aure ne mai kyau, a aji na 4 ta zama aikin na kwana na biyu, bayan kuma bayan kuma ya watsar da karatunsa. A cikin 1897, makarantar sakandare ta jiya ta kasance daga cikin masu juyin juya-juye da suka zo ga Prague tituna. Ya kama 'yan sanda.
Guy ba shi da sauƙi a samu a rayuwa. Bayan an bar makarantar hagu, bai iya samun aiki ba. Na ɗan lokaci, Yaroslav ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a cikin shagon harhada magunguna. A cikin shekarar 1899-m, an shigar da Hashek Cibiyar Kasuwanci, wanda ya kammala karatun a 1902. Bayan kammala horo, samari yasan yare da Jamusanci harsuna, mallakar Rashanci da Faransanci da Faransanci.
Tare tare da friends Friens of Yan Chukenom da Viktor zuwa, ya kwashe hutu na farko a Slovakia. Ya dauki tafiya ta gaba zuwa kamfanin a Tatra. Tafiya ta taka leda a rayuwar Gaidek. Matashin ya fara aiwatar da labarai na farko da rubuta magunguna.
Aikin marubucin ya bayyana a Gazette na ƙasa. Nuna, wayoyin baƙin ciki da caricature na hotuna. Ka'idar da aka tara ta Gasha ta bayyana ga jama'a. A cikin faduwar 1902, Yaroslav Gaisk ya zama ma'aikaci na Bankin Bankin Slavia. Yaudayar marubucin ya nema 'yanci, saboda farkon marubucin ya gudu daga aikin yau da kullun ya daina. Ya shiga cikin tawayen 'yan tawayen Mordoni, lokacin da motsi na juyin juya hali ya samo asali a cikin Balkans a cikin 1903.
Kimanin kusan shekara guda, Yaroslav yayi tafiya a Slovakia, Poland da Czech Republic, inda lokaci ya juya ya kama Vagabond. Maido da gida, bai zama ba a iya da damuwa ba. Wani saurayi a cikin Unlimited adadi yana sha da squirrel, tauna taba kuma kyafaffen. Hashek ya ayyana kansa wani yunƙuru kuma ya zauna don aiki a cikin mujallar "Omladin". Jaridu na bayarwa a cikin ma'adanai da, yin tarawar farko, ta je Jamus. Bayan shekara guda, ya sake kunnawa a garinsu.
A cikin 1905, Yaroslav Hashek yana daga cikin mahalarta taron da'irar, wanda aka buga mujallar "na zamani". Babi na shine dan uwan dan jaridar Novice kuma ɗan sanda lokaci-lokaci. Halin walwor yaroslav da sauri ya nuna godiya ga masu karatu da abokan aiki. Bayanan kula da wakilin sun bayyana a cikin wasu jaridu da mujallu.
Daga 1906 zuwa 1915, Gashek ya kasance wakilin Turai Bashemia na Turai, wanda ya rayu cikin rashin kudi da kuma rashin tabbaci a nan gaba. A cikin 1909, ya zama editan mu mujallar "duniyar dabbobi", a ina ne kudade, ban da kudade, sami ƙarin 30 zł da lita 2 da lita 2 a rana. A cikin editan post, Yaroslav ya dumu shekaru 2.
A cikin 1911, gwarzo ya fara bayyana akan shafukan da suka shafi "Joker" da "caricates", daga baya ya kawo wa marubucin. Labarun 5 Labaran game da sojan Schwekka an buga anan. A cikin 1912-m, Gashk an fitar da tarin labarun da ake kira "jaruntarwa soja Schweik da sauran tarihin ban mamaki."
Aikin soja
A cikin hunturu, marubucin na 1915 da aka kira sojojin. Irin horo na horo da kuma rashin ikon aiwatar da ayyukan soja sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin faduwar wannan shekarar shi ne Russia suka kama shi. Ashasa kuwa ta faɗa cikin zangon farko kusa da Kidim, sa'an nan kuma a ƙarƙashin Samara.
A cikin 1916, marubucin ya shiga cikin masu ba da gudummawar da bayan shekaru 2 ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Bolshevik. Czech ta kasa, Gashka dauke da rashin hankali don yakar Slaws don amfanin Austria. Ya yi aiki a gabashin gaban polytotel kuma tare da sojojin sun tafi zuwa Irkutsk. Gudanar da sabis, marubucin ya buga maganganu a cikin jaridu na gaba-gaba.
A cikin 1920, Yaroslav Gaske ya sami nasarar dawo da gida. A cewar takardu na Austrian fursuna, ya tafi Moscow kuma ya isa Prague. Yanzu sai lokacin bazara ya tallafa wa azar na rayuwa, amma wayar da kanta ta nauyi. Marubucin marubuci ya yi tafiya don ƙasan zamantakewa. Jarumin ya zo ne ga ceto, ƙirƙira kafin fara aikin soja. Bayan an motsa daga Prague zuwa Lypnice, marubucin ya fara rubuta sabbin ayyuka.
Littattafai
Mutane sun ce ra'ayin wani soja mai ban dariya Schwek ya zo wurin cinke a Kabchea, lokacin da ya saurari kekunan abokin da ya bar sabis ɗin. Hoton saticical ya ɗauki madaidaicin sifa a cikin hasashe, da labarin "Olukh a cikin kamfanin" ya bayyana a duniya ": wanda ke da suna na biyu:" Sojan da ya yi wauta ga wawa. "
Fahimtar rayuwa a cikin ilimin dumama, marubucin da aka kirkira ayyukan a cikin wannan jijiya. A shekara ta 1911 aka kira shi mafi yawan marubucin Czech. Yaroslav ya kafa Harkokin Harkokin Hara-shekara 120 da kuma fikafikai kuma sun ci gaba da kammala tarihin sojan da suka banbanta da abubuwan da suka faru. Hasheek da aka yi wa sojoji, mugunta mugunta, wulakanci da alaƙa da wannan aikin.
Kasancewar sojojin a cikin labarin labarin da alama ba shi da amfani kuma marasa mahimmanci. Saboda haka Gashad ya mika jigon zamanin, wanda yake da damar ƙirƙira. Wani abin dariya na shagor da tarihin da aka haife shi daga tarihin marubucin, "in ji na jarida, gwamnatin jihar, coci daban-daban.
Hotunan da aka bayyana a cikin rubutun game da sojan Schweyt, suna da dacewa a yau, saboda irin waɗannan haruffa har wa yau suna nan gaba ɗaya. Kamar yadda abubuwa daban-daban suka faru a rayuwar marubucin, gwarzon sa ya canza. Daga wawa da kwafin, ya zama mai laifi da simmulant a kewaye.
Buga littafin ba ya kawo Gasharancin halin da ake ciki na kudi mai tsayayye, don haka har yanzu ya katse shi ta hanyar wani lokaci da samar da labaru da labarai na bugu daban-daban.
Rayuwar sirri
Yarinyar mai suna Yaroslav Garek ta zama zababbun Yaroslav Mainev Mainev, tare da wanda ya sadu a cikin 1900s. Iyayen Czech sun saba da marubuci wanda bashi da ingantaccen kayan miya. An hana su haɗuwa har sai ɗaliban sun sami aiki kuma ba zai fara yin rayuwa mai kyau ba.
Haji yana tura wani mutum zuwa mataki: ya zama editan mujallar "duniyar dabbobi". Mako guda baya, mahaifin yarinyar ya ba da izini. Yarmall ya fahimci abin da ke faruwa. Miji mutum ne mai kirkara, don haka matar ta taimaka masa wajen aiki. Ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin rubutu, kuma wani lokacin sun gama ayyukan da ba a gina ba.
Gash ba mutum bane na misali. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sake fara wucewa da Kabaki. Bayan barin mujallar "duniyar dabbobi", marubucin bai iya samun aikin dindindin ba. Yayi kokarin zama dan kasuwa, bude wani kamfani na sayar da karnuka da bayar da mongrels marasa gida don dalilai masu kyau.
Ba da daɗewa ba ofishin ya karbi toarait, kuma kudin iyali ya tafi biyan aikin lauyoyi. Uba YARMAL nace a kan saki, amma tana da ciki. A shekara ta 1912, an haifi ɗan Richard wanda aka haife shi. Bayan wani lokaci, yindill ya ware wa 'yan iyaye ya fidda mata kuma ya bar mata, amma ba a tabbatar da rata ba.
A shekara ta 1919, sabon haske ya bayyana a rayuwar Yaroslav Gashek: Alexander Gavrilova. Ya sadu da ƙaunataccen gidan buga takardu a UFA. An yi rijistar aure a cikin 1920 a cikin Krasnoysk. Alexandra bai sani ba game da aikin Yaroslav da kuma jaraba zuwa ga barasa ba ya bayyana a Rasha. Ya dawo, kazalika da ƙwaƙwalwar tsohon mata, wacce mace ta rubuta haruffa, suna kiranta ta zama farka.
Mutuwa
Komawa ga Czech Republic, Yaroslav Hashekka karo da gaskiyar cewa an dauke shi mai cin nasara, kuma 'yan sanda har ma sun jagoranci. An tattauna rayuwar marubucin a ko'ina: An ɗauke shi sau biyu, a aure tare da Yarmie tare da Yarmie da ba a narke a hukumance ba. A cikin 1922, tare da Alexandra Yaroslav ya sami mallakar dukiya a cikin birnin lipnice. Lokaci-lokaci, ya ziyarci Prague, amma mafi sau da yawa ya kasance a gida, inda ya sami shahara da yuwuwar shiga cikin gida.
Matsalolin kiwon lafiya sun fara ne a marubucin bayan ya dawo daga Rasha, amma bai yi mahimmancin wannan ba. Tunani a lokacin aiki a kan littafin. Yaroslav Gasha ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1923, ba tare da suka tsira har zuwa shekaru 40 ba. Sanadin mutuwa ba cuta bane. Kabari na marubucin is located a cikin makabarta makabarta, kusa da jana'izar su. Marubucin ya zaba ba tare da wani cocin cocin ba.
Bayan mutuwar Gaik, mijin ya sami bashin miji. Amma ta hanyar shari'ar, ba lallai ba ne don saduwa da biyan su. Labarun Schecier Schwe Schwe kwatsam ya fara kawo kudi.
Ayyukan Gasha sun kasance cikin bukatar, kuma kudaden da suka fara aika daga wallafe-wallafen aiki tare da marubucin. Tsohon matar Genek, Gelfil, ya ba da izinin haƙƙin mallaka. Kotun ta ba ta da ɗa na 7/16 daga jihar, Alexander 9/16 samun kudin shiga. A cikin aure na biyu, marubucin bai bayyana yara ba.
A yau, hoton Yaroslav Rashek an buga shi a cikin littattafan adabi, an cire fina-finai bisa ga ayyukansa, da kuma abin tun daga littattafan marubucin ya zama rufe. A Bugulma da lipnice akwai gidan tarihi a buɗe a ƙwaƙwalwar marubucin.
Faɗa
"A cikin gidan mahaukaci, kowa zai iya faɗi duk abin da ya farka cikin kansa, amma a majalisar gumaka ba sa saka." Dalili na gaske ya zo.Littafi daya
- 1903 - tarin waƙoƙi "na iya tsawa"
- 1912 - tarin "wahala innkrat"
- 1912 - Roman "Kasadar Siyayya na Brava Scheik da sauran tarihin ban mamaki"
- 1913 - Gwada "Jagora" jagora ga baƙi da sauran satires "
- 1915 - Satyric tarin "Dogayen Kasuwanci"
- 1922 - Tarin "Labarun Dozin biyu"
- 1921 - Da aka zuntse "mutane uku da Shark"
- 1921 - Pepacekk Tarin sabo da sauran labaru
- 1922 - Tarin "Taro" Taron Zaman Lafiya da Sauran Kula da "