Tari
Mawana Scottish karni na XVIII karni na XVIII Robert ya shiga cikin tarihin wallafe-wallafen duniya a matsayin maganin mutanensa. Barin Iyali ne kawai ba daɗi, ya sadaukar da shi ga wawaye duk rayuwarsa: wawanci da jahilci, a hankali kiyaye masanin fata mai rauni. Aikin ƙonawa, kamar sunansa, a cikin Resignia kyau kyakkyawa game da waƙoƙinsa sun sami damar kimanta fassarar GASKIYA GASKIYA.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Robert ƙonewa a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1759 a ƙauyen Badshir, County County. Mahaifin yaron shi ne gwarzon Shelnes, ya ɗauki fitattun 'yar Agnes Brown ga matarsa. Iyalin sun zauna a gidansa na Islamam. Amma da yaron ya mai da shekara 7, mahaifinsa ya sayar da mazaunin a duniya a Dutsen Oliphant, kuma duka dangi sun koma can.
A hankali mai wahala na ɗan ƙaramin Robert ya fara. Kasancewa mafi tsufa, an tilasta masa yin aiki a kan wani malamai, wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar yaron, ya girma rauni, mai raɗaɗi. Duk da wannan, har yanzu sardanarwa har yanzu suna rayuwa a cikin matsanancin talauci, yara (akwai bakwai) ba za su iya zuwa makaranta ba, uba da kansa ya koyar da iliminsu.
Gidaje na Robert tare da ɗan'uwan Gilbert Masallacin Karatu, Achitetic da wasiƙa, tarihin tarihi da labarin ƙasa. Agnes karfafa ta da 'ya'ya maza don karanta, da mutane ya tashi a kan waqe na William Shakespeare da kuma John Milton, amma mawãƙi na Robert Ferguson ya zama mafi fi so marubucin Burns. Hakanan, yaron ya kuma dauki ilimi da ƙauna ga yaren Scottish da fararen fata: Waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi, ballads, ballads.
Daga baya, 'yan'uwan suka ziyarci makarantar karkara ta yankin John Risk, ya koya masa Latin da Faransanci. Robert lokaci-lokaci na yin nazari a cikin cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban (ta rarrabuwa, Kirkosvald), amma duk lokacin da ya ba da a labaran kafin ya taimaka wa mahaifinsa da girbi.
Samfurori na gashin tsuntsu na mawafi na saurayin ya yi a cikin shekaru 15-16 a ƙarƙashin tasirin homantic trusts. Da farko ya rubuta karuwa ta waƙoƙi ga yarinyar Rustic Nelli Kirkpatrick. Kuma a cikin makarantar KirkosvalDD, ya sadu da Peggy Thompson, wanda aka sadaukar da shi zuwa ga waƙoƙin farko "Yanzu Westlin" da "Ina mafarkin ina saiti".
Rayuwar saurayin ya canza a cikin 1777, lokacin da Uba, da Mahalifa ta lalace, ya koma gona a Lokhley kusa da Tarbolton. 'Yan'uwan' yan uwana sun zama, ga babban raunin Uba, suna shiga cikin rayuwar mutanen Tarbolton, sun sanya hannu a ƙauyen Makarantar Dance, ya kafa "Cach Club". Robert ya ƙaunaci ƙaunar Alison na gida, amma ita, duk da waƙar da ke cikin girmamawa, ya ƙi mutumin.
1781 A cikin rayuwar ƙonewa - na musamman: na farko, saurayin ya shiga cikin launin ruwan kasa na St. David, na sami masaniyar jirgin ruwa mai ban sha'awa, ya san mai ban sha'awa, ya san mai ban sha'awa gaskiya. Brown ya karfafa bangaskiyar Scottish a kansa, ya amince da shi a matsayin mawaki. A cikin 1784, mahaifinsa ƙone ya mutu, kuma in gwada rayuwar da saurayi ya ƙare.
Wallafa waƙoƙi
Sayar da gonar, 'yan'uwa suna zagaye sun koma Mossgil. Wata rana Robert, shan wahala daga bukata, fama da buga wasikarsa don samun kudi kuma tafi zuwa yamma India. Abin farin, abin farin ciki, kayan mawallafinsa yana da yalwa. A cikin 1786 an fito da tarin littafin sa na farko "Pois: galibi akan diarek mai scottish."
Akasin abin da marubucin yake bin mai ƙarfi sakamakon nasara da nasara. Waƙoƙin matasa, ba wanda ya san wakoki ya shafe zukatan ukulun na taron a Edinburgh. Kafin ƙonewa (Yanzu sai ya yi rajista a kan wannan gajeriyar magana), ƙofofin ga duniya mafi girma fitila na babban birnin Scottip ya buɗe.
Shahararren mawaƙi yana kawo ƙarin riba da ƙarin, waƙoƙinsa sun sake bugawa sama da sau ɗaya, suna warwatse a kan kwatancen. The Fagewar sigari yana da wuri da satire, da soyayya, da kuma doomics. Ya rubuta mai araha, huhu na huhu game da rai da rayuwar yau da kullun, game da yanayin Scotland, game da ƙaunar da ba ta da hankali.
Marubuci ya zama bako da aka fi so na safiyar girbi da kuma rashin ingancin halittu. A cikin 1787, matsayin BarD Caledonida ya sanya shi taro na babban lodge mai cike da Scottish. Koyaya, sha'awar haɗin jiki shine gudu, gundura mafi haske da ƙonewa. Bugu da kari, bisa ga karbarsa, ya ji halin rashin lafiyar dan wasan na Asiistocracy saboda asalinsu ta asali. A cikin 1788, mawaƙi ya koma ƙauyen, inda ya auri yarinyar ƙaunata.
A cikin 1789 yana karɓar matsayin mai wakali. A cikin layi daya, yana aiki a cikin "Scottish mawaƙa na Scottish mawaƙa", yana tattara matani da karin waƙoƙi daga tushe daban-daban, gyara abin da alama a gare shi ta hanyar m. Wannan aikin ya ba shi damar kula da kayan al'adun gargajiya mai yawa.
Koyaya, ko da duk da sabis da aikin jama'a, Robert Burns ya bar ba alkalami ba. A wannan lokacin, rayuwar rayuwarsa ta rubuta irin wannan ayyukan a matsayin "Oda sadaukar da kai ga ƙwaƙwalwar Mrsvald" (1989), "Tam O'kenker" (1790). A shekara ta 1793, bugu na biyu na ƙone a cikin kunshe da aka buga a cikin Edinburgh. A wannan lokacin, marubucin ya riga ya kamu da rashin lafiya: Yana ƙara kai harin zuciya da kuma kamshi.
A shekara ta 1795, Wani mutum ya rubuta waka "gaskiya talauci", wanda aka kalubalanci mutumin mutum a sama da matsayi. Wannan aikin ya zama na ƙarshe a cikin aikin Robert yana ƙonewa. Mawakan mutane na Scotland sun bar gidan kayan rubutu mai aminci: sama da waƙoƙi 500 da waƙoƙi 300.
Wannan amincewa da ƙonewa, a matsayin baiwa ta gaskiya, an karba bayan mutuwa. Kyakkyawar kyakkyawa na aikinsa ya koya ko'ina cikin duniya godiya ga canja wurin zuwa wajan yarukan duniya. Babban abin yabo a cikin wannan don mai karanta harshen Rasha nasa ne ga mawaƙin yara Samuel Yakvlich Marshak. Ya fassara don yaran makaranta "A cikin duwatsun zuciyata", "John sha'ir hatsi" da ɗaruruwan wasu.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar da ke da manyan matattarar masu tawa da aka yi wa wasu littattafai daban - Burns sun shahara cikin ƙauna cikin ƙauna kuma sun bar wasu yara masu ban mamaki. Tare da maƙtumi maganan, maganansu ya kasance 12, an haife su daga mata 4. Mawakokin yana da kyau - bayanan da aka kiyaye suna kawo kyakkyawar fuskarsa - kuma matasan sa sun fara ɗaukar zukatan 'yan matan.
An haifi Elizarim na farko da aka haifi Elizabeth lokacin da mahaifinsa ya shekara 21. An ba ta mace ce ta mahaifiyar Betty Peyton. Robert gane yarinyar, amma Betty ya karya ta, kuma jaririn ya tashe 'yan'''uwanta da mahaifiyar mawa wa. An la'anci mutumin a ƙauyen, kuma duk da cewa sun bar hidimar majami'ar, amma sun tilasta su zauna a kan "tencep".
Koyaya, ba darasi bane a ƙone. A cikin rawar karkara, ya hadu da dariya dariya Jin makamai - 'yar ɗan kwangilar mai arziki. Saurayi na Ardent nan da nan ya faɗi cikin ƙauna da kalmomin maɓuɓɓugar maɓuɓɓugar (mutane da yawa kuma shigar da tari na farko). A cikin 1786, Jin yana da juna biyu, ya kuma haife tagwuna. Komawa yayin gudanar da daukar ciki, saurayi ya kammala aure. Amma mahaifin yarinyar ta zo da fushi da soke takaddar. Bai ƙoshi da mai roƙo ba, ban da ɗan iska.
Robert yana neman ta'aziyya a hannun Mary Campbell, amma da sannu da sannu ta mutu daga Tifa. Bayan cike da sha'awar rayuwa a Edinburgh, Zuciyar Scottish ta dawo ƙauyen tuni ta mahaifinsa - babban abin da ya sa Jenny Cloow ya haifi ɗa, wanda kuma ake kira Robert. Kuma a ƙarshe, uwargidan ta huɗu waɗanda suka ba da yaron ba da izini ba - 'yar Bety, ya zama wani a cikin wurin shakatawa na Anna Park.
A cikin 1788, Robert har yanzu ya auri Jin makamai, wanda mahaifin ya fitar daga gidan, kuma wata mace ce sananne. Gabaɗaya, Jin ya yi haihuwarsa zuwa ƙone yara 9, 6 waɗanda har yanzu suna ƙuruciya. Koyaya, kamar yadda yaudara ke rubutu, Robert ba ya barin sha'awar zina har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar.
Mutuwa
Shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwar mawakin da aka bari ta hanyar bukata mai ƙarfi, kuma shi kansa ya raunana da zuciya a kan gona, da ke zaune da izinin da wuya. A shekara ta 1796, ya koma Damfreis kuma ya shiga cikin sa hannun masu ba da gudummawa na ma'aikatan gida. Ga wani mutum kuma ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1796.
Mutuwa ta zo daga rheumokarditis. Burns yana da shekara 37. An binne sanannen Scotman a Damfris tare da manyan daraja.
A cikin tunawa da mawaka, magoya baya suna bikin ranar haihuwarsa - 25 ga Janairu - wanda ake kira "abincin dare", wanda ya hada da pudding "Haggis", a ador da marubucin.
Faɗa
"Kada ku mutu zukata,Abin da aka sayar da su cikin "" a cikin abokantaka mai ƙarfi, ikonmu.Abokai na ɗaukaka da yabo "muna murna da hanya.
Pugshly farin cikinmu
Zai shuɗe - ka samu
Ba a cikin ikonmu "amma yana da kyau a yi aiki kafin fadada,
Fiye da tare da hadadden rayuwa mai wahala "
Waƙa
- "Zuciyata a cikin tsaunika"
- "Girmama Scottish"
- "Robin"
- "Akwai wani gaskiya mai gaskiya mahaifina"
- "Talauci mai Gaskiya"
- "John Barleycorn"
- "Oda Scottish Pudding" Haggis "
- "Merry bara"
- "Amarya tare da sadakin"