Tari
Shnitke - Alfet Shnitke - Soviet da mawuyacin Russi, Malami da kuma kimiyyar kiɗan, wanda ke da ilimin kiɗan ya bar babban alama a cikin fasaha. Halittunsa suna haɓaka ta hanyar aikatawa na zamani. Alfred Harrivich ya yi a cikin Turai, kasancewa cikin 'yan marubutan Soviet waɗanda ayyukansu daidai suke a cikin ƙasarsu da ƙasashensu. Trev, salo na musamman, mutum mai haske, ya sanya rubuce-rubuce tare da shit na musamman.Yaro da matasa
An haifeshi Alfnit Schnitke a cikin Engels a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 24, 1934. Iyayensa sune Jamusawa Volga kuma tana da asalin Yahudawa. Iyalin mahaifin yaron ya kasance Frankfurt am Main. An haife mahaifiyata a ƙauyen Kamenka. Iyayengijin mahaifin sun rayu a babban birnin, kuma ya zama ya sami ceto yayin da yaƙin duniya na biyu ya fara.
Yara uku sun kasance a cikin dangin Schnitka: Alfred yana da ƙanana da 'yar uwa. Tare sun riga sun tsira daga Wartime a Moscow a Kakubu. Godiya ga iyaye, yaran sun san Jamus, kuma ya kasance 'yar'anci a gare su. Rashanci ya juya ya zama sakandare.
Daga shekara 11, Shnitke ya kasance mai son kiɗa. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya karbi wata alƙawarin Vienna, Alfred ya koma tare da danginsa. Mutumin ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili da mai fassara don Österreichische Zeitung. Austria tun 1946, saurayin ya sami ilimi na kiɗa, kuma lokacin da bayan shekaru 2, dangin suka dawo cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ya ci gaba da azuzuwan riga a Moscow. Iyaye sun yi aiki a cikin wata jarida, kuma Alfred ya fara nazarin kiɗan.
A shekarar 1958, ya karbi difloma na ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin aji na abun da ke ciki, kuma daga baya sun kammala horo a makarantar digiri na digiri. Tun daga 1961, Shnitke ya fara koyar da karatun ci da kayan aikin a cikin asalin masanan Moscow, duk da cewa daliban sa suna da ɗan kaɗan.
A daidai wannan lokacin, mawaƙin ya shiga ƙungiyar masu amfani. Don samun kuɗi a rayuwa, Alfred ya fara tsara Music don Cinema. Bai bar ayyukan da aka ciyar ba har zuwa 1972. An yi amfani da ƙarar ayyukan don finafinan da aka karɓa kowace shekara.
Kiɗa
Babban abin da aka sanya shi na duk ayyukan da aka tsara ta duk aiki mutum ne da ainihin asalin. Kwarewa da gwarzo, bincike na mutum, sha'awa da motsin zuciyar motsin zuciyar su zama taken taken mahaɗan marubucin. A cikin kiɗansa, Symbiosis na tric da ban dariya shi ne ya zama magani sosai.
Maestro ya juya ya zama Mahaliccin The Kalmar "Polystyystyy", wanda ya zaci hade da Aesthetics daban-daban. A cikin 1972, ya rubuta ballar rana ta farko. A cikin wannan shekara, cikin tunawa da mahaifiyar da ya fi so, mai motsa jiki ya haifar da Piano Quintet, wanda daga baya ya kafa a cikin buƙatar.
Shnitke yana daga cikin kundin da suka yi aiki tare da hanyar mai kasa, wanda ke ba da damar masu aikatawa don samun mafi girman sarari don inganta. Wani misali mai ma'ana a wannan yanayin an kirkireshi ne a 1974 "Makarantar Symphony". A karo na farko, an yi shi ta hanyar shugaban Kirsimeti na gonenady ya yi shi. Anyi la'akari da kiɗa na wannan nau'in mai sauƙin kai, sabili da haka, duk da kasancewar duk izini da haƙuri, Philhemurs na Moscow da Storsterburg bai yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da su ba. Premierere ya faru a Nozhgorood na Nizhgorood.
Creatitity Shnitka ba shi da ƙuntatawa ko ƙuntatawa. A shekarar 1977, an haɗa Grossi Grosso №1 da aka haɗe da Mahaliccinsa. Sunansa ya zama sanannen jama'a. Wanda ya fi so mawallafin shine Johann Sebastian Bach. Ingirƙira ayyukan, Schnitka ya yi wahayi zuwa ga yadda Yuri Bashmet da Mstislav Rostrovovich, Gennady Krister.
Ya kasance mai sha'awar Polystyy, wahayi zuwa ga mutanen ruhaniya. Godiya ga wannan, der Sonnewesanang - as asssisi ya bayyana. Daga baya, jama'a ji "Singon Singhonony", daga wannan ya 2. a wannan shekarar 1977, an gayyaci SchnitTke zuwa Paris Opera. A cikin halittar da David David Boorovsky da Darakta Yuri Lyubimov Maestro sun kirkiro samar da "ganyayyaki Matar" a kan aikin Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. An haɗa turawan gyada da sabuntawa na microBetto tare da sabon sabo a cikin tushen rubutu.
Saboda labarin Algand na Surajtis, ba a saki gidan wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi, Lyubimova daga cikin Soviet Union don riƙe reshesal gaba ɗaya ba. Premiere ya tsage. Shugabancin Paris Opera sun ki samar. Na yi nasarar kamawa da ƙirar zane-zane na masu kirkira a cikin 1990 a Karlsruherhe. Daga baya, a cikin 1993, an aiwatar da samarwa a Boston, kuma a shekara ta 1997 ta sami nasarar ganin jama'a Moscow.
A 1980s ya zama lokacin yaduwar nasara da kuma amincewa ga schnet. A cikin 1983, hasken ya ga Cantata "labarin Dr. Johan Fusust". Mawaki ba sa tsoron rufe ra'ayin da ke kunyar da Johanna Höma da kansa. Domin rubutun aikin ya dauki kusan shekaru 11. A cikin 1986, "Concert No. 1 Don Cello tare da Orchestra" ya fito, kuma shekara guda, "Syingroony" da "Concerto Grosso No. 4". A cikin lokacin daga 1984 zuwa 1987, shniitke ya hada da "Sallolin Orthodox", "Concert don gauraye waƙoƙi a cikin ayoyin Narcati", "an tuba poems."
Gidajen da suka bari ga Shit zuriyar, akwai Ballas da Opres, 9 Syangwani, Schiconies, Mawuyayya, Kakaitawa ga Filstin da Wasanni na Filmtin da Wasanni na Fimbins, Vocal da Compley. Matsa "jirgin", "Waltz-razdolone" sauti a cikin fim "na almara". An rubuta aikin "matukan jirgin" don kintinkiri na wannan sunan. A cikin fim "Petersley Syndrome" Petersyy Syndrome "sun yi amfani da karin waƙar karin magana a cikin gidan mahaukaci.
An ba da mawaki "Babban Ma'aikata na RSFSR" kuma an ba da lambobin yabo da yawa, a cikin wanda musayar-don kiɗa don kiɗa don Kinakararami, wanda aka gabatar a 1986.
Hakanan an nuna marubucin Austican na jihar, an gabatar da shi a cikin 1991, da kuma kyautar Japan, wacce aka gabatar da shi daga baya. Schnitre ya yi aiki a kan bukatar Amsterdam da Hamburg Operker, wani memba ne na Makarantar Music Makarantar Music.
A cikin 1992th Opera Alfred Schnititka "Life tare da wawa" an gabatar da shi ga jama'a a Amsterdam. Bayan shekaru 3, "Jemuletdo" da "Tarihin Dr. Johanna Fausten" ya isa Vienna da Hamburg.
Rayuwar sirri
Tarihin tarihin sanannen mawaki ba zai zama cikakke ba tare da ambaton rayuwar mutum ba. Shnitke ya yi aure sau biyu. An hada aure na farko da Maestro tare da Galina Koltsova. Unionungiyar ta kasance wani ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya ƙare da kisan aure.
Matar ta biyu ta waƙar ta zama ɗalibin sa na Irina Kataeva. An haife shi a cikin iyali, wanda ake kira Andrey. Shnitke ya rayu da jindadin a yanayin kauna da kulawa kuma ya lalace tare da ita har zuwa lokacin karshe.
Mutuwa
An kafa 1985 ga Alfred Schnitka mai kisan kai. Mawaki sun motsa bugun jini da zarar. Yana girgiza kai, da rauni a koyaushe yana mamaye wani mutum. Duk da wannan, bai ba hannayensa ba kuma ci gaba da aiki. A cikin 1990, dangin sun koma Hamburg, inda schnitke ya zama malami a makarantar sakandare ta Hamburg ta Hamburg.
Wani bugun jini, ya ci gaba da mawaƙa, ta sa mutuwarsa. A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 1998, Alfred Shnitke ya mutu. Ya sami tsari na ƙarshe a makabartar Novevichy a Moscow.
Tattaunawa ya kasance saboda ƙwaƙwalwar magoya baya, wanda mahimmin hannun jari daga rayuwar rayuwar halittu da banbanci ban ban sha'awa game da kansu, hotonsa da kiɗan rashin haihuwa.
Aiki
- 1957 - "Symphony" Zero "a sassa 4"
- 1963 - "sonata don violin da piano no. 1"
- 1965-1972 - "Suite a cikin tsohon salon"
- 1966 - "kirtani kirga 1"
- 1971 - "Ma". Ballet a cikin 5 aukuwa.
- 1972 - "Kuri'a ta dabi'a na kuri'un mace 10 da vibraphon"
- 1986 - "Ya aikata mugunta." Ballet a cikin ayyuka 3 da ke da shi.
- 1991 - "Rayuwa tare da wawa." Opera a cikin 2 Ayyukan Manzanni.
- 1993 - "Concerto Grosso A'a 6 don Violin, Piano da kirtani orchestra a sassa 3"