Tari
Yanka Kupala ta kasa ce ta Belarus, wacce wakar Poem "da matukin jirgin sama" ta sa Yuri Gagarin a kan cin nasarar Cosmos. Shi, da yawa marubutan Soviet Pases, rauni sun sha wahala daga ikon, fiye da sau daya da zarar ya juya ya kasance a bakin bakin mutuwa. Mutuwar Kupala har yanzu dalili ne don bincika masana tarihi da zargi na rubutu.Yaro da matasa
Yanka Kupala (na ainihi - Ivan Dominicovic Lutsevich) an haife shi ne ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1882 a ƙauyen Khpanka a cikin gidan Dominica Onufrivich da Benigne, Ivanovna). Iyaye, mabiyan cocin Roman Katolika, da ake kira Mansa a cikin girmama Annabi Yahaya mai yin baftisma.
Na farko ambaton kwanakin Lutschi na baya ga karni na XVII: Sannan kakan mawaƙi ya haya daga mafi yawan nau'ikan Lithuania. Wajibi ne a biya ta onufrietailich, wanda, duk da cewa mallakar wani gata ne ajin, a zahiri talakawa ne. Ya ba da babban kuɗi don damar da zai jagoranci tattalin arzikin.
Ivan ya taimaki mahaifinsa cikin aiki, amma gudanarwa na tattalin arzikin bai hana mawaki na gaba ba a shekarar 1898 don kammala karatun shugaban Belarusian.
Dominic da Benooga sun kawo yara 8: 'yan uwan Ivan - Anton da Casimir,' yan'uwa mata biyar - Sabina, Maria, Lokadia, sunan ba a bayyana sunan ba a cikin tushen bude. A farkon 1902, dangin sun kasance ba tare da wani abun burodi ba, kuma bayan watanni shida bayan haka, da 'yan'uwana Ivan da ɗan'uwan sun yi rashin lafiya. Casemeer, Sabina da Gelena sun mutu.
Matsar da babban mutum a cikin dangi ya ba da izinin civich don guje wa sojojin. A cikin takardun daukaka kara na 1903 akwai katin Ivan, gwargwadon abin da ya samu ya yi aiki a sansanin na biyu na Borisovsky County na Burtaniya-Slobanda Partish na Borisovsky. An ƙaddara shi don shiga cikin sojoji ne kawai a cikin 1916, zuwa wata ƙungiya tsaron hanya.
Ba za a iya kiran tarihin mawaƙi ba. Ko da a cikin matasa, Ivan ya dauki alhakin dukkan dangin. Ya yi aiki a kan wani shuka mai ban mamaki, tsabtace kayan tituna, kayan rarraba kayan - an ɗauka don kowane irin aiki ga 'yan'uwa mata da inna.
A cikin 1904, babban-tohen na Ivan Vasily (Yanka) Angochinsky ya gamsu da tabbacin Bensish shi ya cancanci yin rayuwarta. Mutumin ya yi alkawarin kula da dangin Lutsevian. Ya kiyaye Maganar - aure Maryamu, 'yar'uwar Ivan, kuma ta zama cikakken mai mallakar gidan. Ivan ya koma Minsk, inda ma'aikaciyar furucinsa ta kasance cikin cikakken launi.
Littattafai da Jikiori
Ivan ya fara aikinsa a Polish - Lines na farko ya bayyana a cikin mujallar "Grain" a 1903 karkashin batun batun batun k,. A 15 ga Yuli, 1904, wallafa wallafa aka buga a cikin yaren Belarusian "Madinana", kuma tare da buga jaridar Arewacin, da ayyukan "mutum" (1905) ya fara hawa mawãta zuwa ɗaukaka.
A lokaci guda, jaridu na farko na jami'an na farko a cikin yaren Belarusian an kafa su a Vilnius - "Raba" da "Niva". A cikin bugu na biyu a cikin 1907, wallafa "Kospl" an buga kosplat "wanda alama yawan amfanin da Ivan, wanda aka fi sani da Yanka Kupala, zuwa hatasar ƙasa.
An kafa Yanka Kupala daga sunan Belarusian na sunan Ivan da sunan hutun. Dangane da alamun, idan fure na Fern, wanda ya same shi ya sami dukiyar ta ruhaniya da albashin duniya zuwa Ivan Kupala. Lutsevic yana so ya zama ga masu karatu tare da wannan fure mai farin ciki.
A cikin 1908, waƙoƙin marubutan matasa sun haɗa da marubucin matasa Belarususi a cikin tarin tarin "Dudochka". Kwanan nan ya kawo matsaloli na farko tare da hukumomi: Kwamitin Petersburg kan Harkokin Mafarki ya sanar da littafin Anti-jihar, an kama marubucin. Ba da daɗewa ba waƙar kyauta kuma nan da nan ya bar ofishin edita na jaridar "mu niva", don kada ku ƙayyade darajar jagoranci.
Petersburg wanda aka gabatar tare da Belarusian Ding Dating tare da mawakan Yakub Kolas da Valery Bryusov. Bryusov shine mawa na farko wanda ya fassara makircin barkwanci zuwa Rashanci. A cikin 1910, Yanka ya buga tarin waƙoƙi na biyu "Husar", sannan kuma a hankali a cikin rubutun rubutu. Kupala ta tsaya a asalin halittar gidan wasan kwaikwayon Belarsian. Wakar Madawwama "Waƙar Madawwamiya" da Drama a Kurgan ", a rubuce a cikin wannan shekarar, har yanzu shigar da" Asusun Goldat "na Belarus.
Ana ɗaukar lu'u-lu'u na ainihi "Pavlinka" (1912) game da yarinyar da ta zaɓi ango na akasin haramcin iyaye. Babban rawar da aka yi da farko Musecke ya yi Pecock Madylka. A cikin 1913, mawaƙin ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na atomatik "wanda ya mamaye gida" game da dangi, wanda ya rasa dukiya - gida da ƙasa. Yanka Kupala ya ce:
"Na kashe mafi kyau a cikin wannan wasan, wanda yake a cikin mawaƙa na da tarihin."A cikin wannan shekarar kashi na uku na poems na "Rayuwa ta rayuwa" ta fito. Rashin amsawa da aka ba da izini ga wanda ya ba da izinin aiki a cikin Niva, a cikin Afrilu 1914 ya ɗauki gidan Edita.
Kafa kungiyar Soviet ta canza vector na mawaƙa. Misali mai haske shine tricingyy "na gida" (1922). Ta ba da labarin wani mutum wanda ya yi ƙoƙari da duk abin da suke da shi don canza yanayin yanayin rayuwa cikin sauri, amma ya zama ya karye. A cewar hukumomi, aikin yana da inuwa mara kyau, kuma a cikin 1927, an haramtawa wasan.
Taken dacewa yana nan a cikin duk yawan tattara marubucin waƙa, har zuwa babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa. Saboda wannan, dangantakar da ke tsakanin datte, hukuma da manema labarai suka tsananta. A cikin 1930, rikici ya kai gapogee. An tuhumi mutumin da kishin kasa, wanda aka danganta shi da kawance da kungiyar 'yancin kasa da Belarus. Rauni na yau da kullun da tambayoyin sun tura mawaƙin ya kashe kansa.
A cikin bayanin rashin kunya, jawabi ga shugaban gwamnatin BSSR, Alexander Cireakov, Yanka Kupala:
"Har yanzu, kafin mutuwa, na ce ba zan kasance cikin wani tsari na ƙira ba kuma ba zai zama ba. Ana iya gani, irin wannan ɗakunan mawaƙa. Rataya Yesenin rated kansa, mayakovsky ya harbe kansa, da kyau, kuma ina da wata hanya a wurin. "Yunkurin kisan kai, ya yi a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1930, ba a zubar da shi da nasara. An tilasta Belorus don buga wasika bude wani abin da ya fadi ga zunuban da aka makanta a gare shi kuma ya yi alkawarin kar a kara da kuskuren akida.
Bayan da hukuma ta nemi afuwa, hukumomi a karshe suka bar Yanke na garin a hutawa. Haka kuma, a shekara ta 1939, an baiwa mawaƙin da aka bayar da wani mawat of Lenin, kuma a cikin 1941, kyautar jihar ta USSR na digiri a fagen adabi, an gabatar da abin da aka kira Stalinist Premium. Tarin "daga zuciya" (1940) shine dalilin da ya kyautar.
A cikin yakin, waƙar mawaƙi ya zama sananne ga wakar "Propisson Belaraya". Aikin da aka sanya a kan waƙar ya zama warhem na maharan, da kuma layin farko - "Propissi, Propission, Belusaya 'Ya'yan Belaish!" - An yi aiki azaman injin kira "Soviet Belarus".
Baya ga rubutu, Yanka Kupala shiga cikin fassarar. Godiya gare shi, kayayyakin 92 props na marubuta 36 suna da sautin a yare na Belarusian, har da kalmar game da rigist na Igor, "Alexander Canudine.
Rayuwar sirri
Babban gudummawa ga rayuwar mutum da kuma al'ummar Yankee Koupala ya gabatar da kayan tarihinsa na farko - wasan kwaikwayo na Belarusian Vikorievna Madylka. Godiya ga ta, waƙoƙin "Bondovna" da "Ita da I", "Ita da Aesya", "in ji shi" ya bayyana, "da sauran mutane ne da za a ƙaunace su ..." da sauransu.
Matasa sun hadu a 1909. Takardar Peacock mai son mawaka, don haka ya nace cewa babban aikin wasa a wasan "Pavlinka" aka ba ta. Kuma actress ya fi son Yankeesan Pijon Style: A fewan hotuna da hotuna na mawaƙa da aka za a iya ganin cewa yana sanye da allura, juya da amfani da gashin-baki kuma ya yi amfani da shi.
Babu wani labari tsakanin mutane biyu masu kirkiro, da juna. Duk da haka, sa hannu kan sauranukon tare da Vladislav Frantznaya StanKaivich a watan Janairun 1916 ya zama abin mamaki mai ban mamaki don Peacock. Aure aka kawo aure a cikin Moscow a cikin teku Bitrus da Bulus.
Yanka da Vladislav ya yi shekaru da shekaru 26, ba su da yara, duk da cewa suna son yin amfani da yarinyar.
Shekaru 18 bayan mutuwar mijinta, wata mata ta rayu da tunawa da ƙaunataccen ƙaunarta. A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1944, Stankevich ta bude gidan kayan tarihin jihar Yankee Kupala, wanda ya yi aiki yanzu.
Mutuwa
Rashin mutuwar mawaƙin ƙasa na Belarus yana da arziki a cikin Ba'arus mai arziki a cikin banbanci masu ban sha'awa, jere daga yanayin abin da ya faru da ƙare tare da sanadin mutuwa. A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1942, Yanke Kupala ya kira Moscow. A cikin tafiya, ya sadu da abokai, da ake kira bikin ranar haihuwar, a ranar 60, bi da wuri.A Yuni 28, a cewar shaidun litattafan, mawuyacin da ya bar barin taron kirkirar, wanda aka gudanar a otal na Moscow, "Ina na minti daya." Bayan ɗan lokaci, sai baƙi suka fito daga cikin Tambour, baƙi kuwa suka fito daga ɗakin. Sun gano cewa Yanka Kupala ya fadi a cikin matakala daga benaye 10 da aka fado shi har ya mutu. A agogo ya kasance 22:33.
Akwai nau'ikan mawaƙa 3 na mawaƙa: dama, kisan kai da kisan kai. Yawancin masana tarihi suna riƙe na ƙarshen. A gaban Haikalin, wa mawaƙin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau, tarin POEMS "Belarusian Provisans" (1942) ya yi nasara. Bugu da kari, takalmin mutumin ya kasance a kan matakala, wanda zai rasa a cikin yaƙin. Da aka ga shaidun mutuwar mawã yãdar da mãtã.
Yanka Tsarin Kerminate, ragowar ya ƙone a kan Kabarin Vagannovsky. Tun daga 1962, kabarinsa ya kasance a Minsk a makabartar soja.
Yin girmamawa ga makiyar ƙasa, jami'o'i, tituna, tituna, murabba'ai, tashoshin metro da ɗakunan karatu. A shekara ta 1945, an ba shi daraja da lambar yabo "don tsaron Moscow."
Littafi daya
Tarin waƙoƙi:
- 1908 - "Dudochka" ("addu'a")
- 1910 - "Husar"
- 1913 - "Rayuwata Rayuwa"
- 1922 - "Gasarar"
- 1925 - "Ba a bayyana"
- 1930 - "Flowering"
- 1936 - "Wakar gini"
- 1937 - "Belarusian Belarus"
- 1940 - "Daga zuciya"
- 1942 - "Properans Propungiyoyin Belaraya"
Waƙoƙi da wasa:
- 1908 - "Don me?"
- 1910 - "Barci a Kurgan"
- 1912 - "pavlinka"
- 1913 - "Rasky gida"
- 1913 - "Ita da Ni"
- 1922 - "gida"