Tari
Paul Ekman masanin kimiyyar kimiyyar ɗan adam kimiyyar Amurka ne, likita na Jami'ar Jami'ar California, wanda ya sadaukar da rai ga karatun mutum da kuma sabon karya. Marubuci mai kwarewa, neman amsar tambaya me yasa mutane suka yi ƙarya da yadda za su iya amfani da masifa, waɗanda ake amfani da su cikin koyo "waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai cikin lamuni da sauran wuraren rayuwar jama'a.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Paul ECman a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1934 a Washington, Gundumar Columbia. Mahaifinsa mai warkewa ne, amma mahaifiyar lauya ce. 'Yar'uwar Joyce ta halarci ilimin halin dan Adam da kuma kafin ritaya ya yi aiki a New York.
Kamar yadda yaro, ECMAN kasance wani yaro da ba a iya kamantawa ba. Ba tare da kammala karatun digiri daga makarantar sakandare ba, yayin da 15 ya shiga jami'in Chicago, inda shekaru 3 ya karɓi digiri na farko a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam. A wannan lokacin, Paul ya burge Paul na kungiyar, wanda aka gudanar a tsakanin daliban, ciki har da marubucin Susan Sontag, darekta Mike Nichols da wasan kwaikwayo na Mike Mike Mike.
Wannan aikin ya zama taken nazarin farko na matasa Ekman, wanda ya yi a Jami'ar New York a karkashin jagorancin Far Farfesa Margaret tanti.
A cikin 1955, Bulus ya yi karatun digiri a makarantar jami'a ta jami'a kuma ya kare distoral dectoral a kan ilimin halin dan Adam na asibiti. An kafa aikinsa ne kan abubuwan lura da marasa lafiya na psychonuwolicysetarewa cibiyar Porter kuma an sadaukar da shi ga nazarin maganganun fuskoki da televitations.
A shekara ta 1958, Ekman ta yi kira ga sojoji zuwa matsayin wani ma'aikacin ɗan adam na soja, inda, ya bi canje-canje na kai tsaye, ya bi canje-canje a cikin sani da halayyar dan adam yayin horo na yau da kullun.
Halin dan Adam
A karshen aikin soja, bene ya yi nazarin fasalin dabi'un magana a cikin marasa lafiya na asibiti don Palo Alto Veerans. A cikin 1963, waɗannan nazarin sun taimaka wa wani matashin masanin kimiyyar ya samu kyautar daga Cibiyar Lafiya ta Iliyar Lafiya (NIMH), wacce ke da wasu ayyukan Ekman ta gaba kan halayyar da ba magana ba.
Fadada tsarin yanki na abubuwa a karkashin bincike, a 1965 Bulus ya aika da sha'awa a yankin-Al'adun. Da farko, ya gano motsin zuciyarmu da kuma alamun mazaunan Bali na Bahaushe a fina-finai na fim don kallon wakilan kabilan. Sakamakon shekaru 3 na aiki shine tabbatar da ka'idar ka'idar DARWINIAN NA MUTANE DA SANARWA NA CIKIN SAUKI "SA'AD SANARWA KYAUTA."
A shekarar 1967, ECman, tare da abokin aikin aboki, frizen da masanin ilimin halin dan adam Maureen O'salllevan ya zama sha'awar yin alkalami. Binciken binciken na farko a wannan yankin masana masana kimiyya sun yi wajen kiyaye mutanen marasa lafiya da sha'awar suicidal suna ƙoƙarin ɓoye dalilin ayyukansu.
Babban bene na bincike hade da koyarwa a Jami'ar California a Ma'aikatar Soyawar Ilimin hauka. A nan ya jagoranci wannan aikin da ake kira "Wizard" da kuma nazarin ikon mutane don gano karya. Bayan gwada mutane dubu 20 daga yadudduka daban-daban na al'umma, ciki har da wakilan FBI da sabis na musamman 50 ne kawai suka sami damar gano yaudara da daidaito na akalla 80%.
"Pravda Wizards" yana da iko na halitta don gane microwaves kuma gano rashin daidaituwa na motsin rai, yare na jiki da kalmomin da aka shafa. A karshen gwajin, bene na ci gaba da aiki tare da masu cin nasarar gwaji don amsa tambayar: inda kwarewar ganowa ta fito.
Bugu da kari, masanin masanin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ya kirkiro mai wasan kwaikwayo don masu farawa da "Wizards", ta amfani da, kowane mutum zai iya sanin yadda ya dace da shi shine wajen tantance yaudarar. "Ka'idar Live" ta zama kasuwancin rayuwar Ekman da abokan sa. Masanin kimiyya ya buga mutane da yawa sun sadaukar da wannan matsalar, kuma bayan barin furukisto, wanda ya kafa kamfanin Paul Ekman rukuni (PEG).
Littattafai da fina-finai
Tun daga 1957, Ekman ya fara buga binciken nasa a fagen tabin hankali da nazarin halayyar. A cikin littafin farko, ya bayyana hanyoyin don auna sadarwa mara amfani, wanda aka kirkira a kan horon aiki a cikin cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo na neurley. Bulus ya gano cewa ƙungiyoyin tsoka na fuska waɗanda ke haifar da maganganun fuska da ake iya gano su ta amfani da bincike na yankuna. A ra'ayinsa, mutane sun iya samar da maganganun sama da dubu 10, dubu 3 da suka danganta da motsin rai.
A cikin tsarin motsa jiki na "fuska", da aka buga a 1978 tare da haɗin gwiwar farfado, da bene na farko, da tawayen duniya, tawali'u, farin ciki, baƙin ciki da kuma wasu ji. Dangane da wannan, masu binciken sun haɓaka tsarin taaton kwatanta duk abubuwan da ke bayyane na mutum a cikin bayyanar ɗaya ko wani motsin rai.
A cikin 1990, masanin masanin ya ciyar da jerin maganganun rufe ba wai kawai a cikin tsokoki da ban mamaki ba. Ya ƙunshi raini, gamsuwa, da kunya, farin ciki, giya, girman kai, gamsuwa da abin kunya.
Bugu da kari, bene tare da abokin aiki wanda ya kirkiro kayan aikin da ke ba da izinin gano wasu jihohin da suka nuna cewa suna tasowa idan aka nemi murkushe motsin rai. Ya taimaka wa PSSTATRASS a cikin "karatun" da ciwon asperger's Syndrome da Autism.
Shekaru biyu a baya, makiyi da aka kirkira da kuma buga shahararrun gwajin da ake kira "hotuna na baki da kuma fararen fata da kuma fararen fata da kuma maganganu na baki guda 6 da kuma tsaka tsaki. A cikin halaye ana gwada shi a kan mutane tare da digiri daban-daban na lafiyar tabin hankali, ya zama da yawa a cikin likita a duniya.
Ganawar Ekman na Ekman an sadaukar da kai ga "Live ka'idar", masanin masanin yana neman amsoshin tambayoyin: yadda za a nuna maƙaryaci tare da taimakon lura kuma wanda mutane zai iya yi. A wannan lokacin, Bulus ya rubuta littafin "me yasa yara masu zaman lafiya", "insancialyen halin da ke kwance", "sami maƙaryaci ga bayyana fuskar" da sauransu.
A shekara ta 2008, ECMAN ta buga tattaunawa da Sage Dalai, inda fitattun al'adun al'adun Gabas da na yamma suka tattauna batutuwan konewa kuma suna ƙoƙarin neman amsoshin falsafar falsafa. "Psychology of Dimetib" ya wadatar da ilimin masu karatu game da kimiyya da addini, da kuma ayyukan tunani don samun farin ciki daidaito da hanyoyin samun farin ciki.
A cikin 2000s, shahararren Ekman ya jagoranci shi zuwa talabijin. A shekara ta 2001, Bulus ya aiki tare da dan wasan Biritaniya John tare da Tarihin TV jerin BBC "fuskar mutum". Dalilin aikin shine yin nazarin mutum game da kamannin dangi, kyakkyawa na zahiri da ikon bayyana motsin rai ba tare da taimakon kalmomi ba.
A shekara ta 2009, masanin masanin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ya zama jigon babban halin "Kungiyar DR. Cal Spyman, wacce ta jagoranci" kungiyar karewa. Nunin, a wani bangare ya danganta da tarihin rayuwar Ekman, an fara a kan tashar FOX a cikin 2009 kuma ya wanzu har tsawon lokaci guda 3. Bulus shine mai kula da ma'aikatan fim da PIMA Rotsa na mai ba da shawara kanmu wanda ya yi babban aikin a wannan aikin talabijin.
Jerin ya nuna hanyoyin gano yaudara ta Ekman har zuwa wasu har zuwa wasu 'ka'idodi mai kyau' 'don tabbatar da adalci da adalci.
A cikin 2015, Bulus ya taimaka wa Daraktan Pete da Dogara a cikin aikin a kan "wuyar warwarewa" fim. Masanin kimiyya ya rubuta jagora ga iyaye suna gaya wa yadda ake gabatar da labarin tashin hankali don yadda ya kamata yara su iya gano motsin zuciyarsu da bayyanar da wasu haruffan almara.
Rayuwar sirri
A rayuwar mutum na Paul Ekman ya san kadan, kasancewa mai ilimin halin halayyar dan adam, ya fi son adana dangantakar iyali a asirce.
A cikin gabatarwar ga littafin "me yasa marubucin LGut" marubuci ya ambaci bene da kuma matar Ann Ann Mason, shirya wani biki a gida gida ba tare da iliminsu ba. A tsakiyar aikin akwai kuma da yawa waɗanda aka keɓe ga marubucin asalin marubucin, a cikin misalai na dangantaka bisa ga ƙwarewar su ana la'akari da su.
Ekman yana da 'ya mace, Hauwa, wanda ya zama likita na kimiyya. A shafin intanet na hukuma, masanin ilimin dan adam ya yi magana game da hadin gwiwarsu a kan littafin "Atslas na motsin rai" tare da goyon bayan Dalai Lama, da aka buga a watan Nuwamba 2018.
Paul Ekman yanzu
Ekman masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam mai aiki, wanda yake tsunduma cikin horar da dabarun tunani, bincike na halakfi da sauran bangaren halayyar mutum na 'yan adam.
Yanzu wanda ya kafa da jagora "Peg" yana gudanar da horo ga ma'aikata a karkashin shirin Ekman abokin gaba. A cikin bazara da kaka, Ekman yana shirin gudanar da kararrakin sashe a Ingila, inda za a horar da siginar motsin rai da siginar 3 da ba magana-magana.
Littafi daya
- "Me yasa yara karya"
- "Psycology na Lie"
- "Nemi maƙaryaci don bayyana fuskar"
- "Hankalin Psycology"
- "Hikimar Gabas da yamma"
Filmography
- 2001 - "fuskar mutum"
- 2009-2011 - "yaudarar ni"
- 2015 - "wasa"