Tari
Mstislav Rosrovich - shugaba Rashanci da mawuyacin, siffofin jama'a da adadi a cikin sananniyar fasahar arni na 20. Laureate na yawan kuɗi, mawakin mutane na USSR da kuma mata Galina Vishnevskaya.Yaro da matasa
MSTSAV Rosrovich - Natial Baku. An haife wa mawaƙa a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1927. Iyayensa suna da alaƙa da fasaha: Uba Leopold Rostrovovich wani mutum ne ɗan adam, kuma mahaifiyar Sofiya Rostropich - Pianist. Da shekaru 4, yaron ya taka leda a kan Piano, da kansa yana rubuta karin waƙoƙi da kuma ɗaukar abun da ke ciki. A cikin 8, ya koyi yin buga Cello. Malami na farko na saurayin matasa shi ne Uba.
A shekara ta 1932, dangin sun tashi daga Baku zuwa Moscow. Da shekaru 7, mstislav ya zama ɗalibin makarantar kiɗan. GNnens, a cikin abin da ya koya wa mahaifinsa. Tunanin yaro, yaron ya biyo bayan mahaifinsa, yana maye gurbin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi, don haka a cikin 1937 mawaƙan sun koma makarantar sverdlovsky. Bangaren wasa ya faru a daidai lokacin. Mstislav ya yi a kan mataki tare da wani dan kwallon Symphony, ta hanyar yin babban tsari daga aikin Cambille Saint-Sansa.
Samun karban sakandare ya samu karatun sakandare, Rosrovich ya shiga makarantar a cikin Conservatory. Tchaikovsky. Mafarkin wani saurayi shine ƙirƙirar kiɗa. Amma yakin shi ne cikas ga aiwatarwa. An kwashe dangin zuwa Orburg, sannan sanye sunan Chkalov. Yana da shekaru 14, saurayin ya zama ɗalibin makarantar jirgin kasa da kuma Makaranta Makaranta, inda ya koya wa mahaifinsa. Anan Rosrovovich ta ci gaba da na farkon kide kide.
Daga baya, saurayi ya zauna a gidan Opaper, inda ya fara tsara abubuwan da aka yiwa Piano da Cello tare da goyon baya da kuma jagoranci na Mikhail Stolafi. A shekarar 1942, saurayin saurayin ya zama memba na rahoton kide kide, inda aka wakilci shi a matsayin mawuyaci da mai aiwatarwa. Magana da aka samar da furore. Dating rated da masu sauraro, masu sukar da kuma 'yan jaridu da suka yi alama da ji na jituwa, dandano mai dandano da kuma baiwa da baiwa Rosropich.
A cikin 1943, dangin mawaƙa sun dawo Moscow, kuma MSTSlaV ya sake horar da horo a cikin makarantar a cikin Conservatory. Da himma da ƙoƙari sun lura da malamai da suka canza matashin da ke da kwarin gwiwa daga 2nd tafiya a kan 5th.
A cikin 1946, Rostrovich ya karbi difloloma tare da girmamawa guda biyu cikin fannoni biyu: m da sinali. Mstislav ya yi rajista a makarantar digiri, kuma kammala karatunsa, ya zama malami na muhawarar malamai a Moscow da St. Petersburg. Shekaru 26, ya gudanar da ayyukan Pedagogical, daukaka Ivan Monigretti, Natalia Shakhovskaya, Natalia Gutman, David Guteras da sauran mawaƙa.
Kiɗa
An yiwa rabin rabin 1940s na 1940s don Rosropich Contrets a Kiev, Minsk da Moscow. Nasara a cikin gasa na kasa da kasa ya kawo nasara da shahara. An kiyaye su ta hanyar yawon bude ido a birane na Turai da ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya. Ganawar kasa da kasa ga saurayin sahihan da ya zo da sauri.
Rostrovovich yana neman cigaba da kai. A cikin wata hira, mawaƙin sau da yawa suna nuna wannan lokacin a cikin aiki lokacin da "powenarin son yin wasa da kyau." A matsayin m da zane-zane, MSSlav Leopolovich nazarin sakamako, fassarar salula ta hanyar kiɗa da aikinsu da aikinsu ta hanyar mawaƙa.
Bikin "Prague Sprage" 1955 ya kawo Rostrovovich don sanin tare da Opera Mawallon Ganina Vishnevskaya. Ma'aurata sau da yawa suna tare: Galina ya rera a karkashin matsakaicin tare da Mstislav. Dan wasan ya kuma yi a cikin ɗakin duban tare da David Douscoba da Svyatoslav Richer. A cikin 1957, Rosrovich ya dumu shi azaman shugaba, rike da farko "Eugene Dogin" a wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi. An gudanar da wasan tare da auren kuma an kawo nasarar da za a fidda nasara.
MSTISlav Leopoldovich ya kasance ƙwarai cikin buƙata. Wuce kima da sha'awar aiwatar da komai da aka tilasta a hada ayyukan da ke cikin sadaukar da yawon shakatawa, kide kide da kuma rubuta sabbin abubuwa. Maestro yana da ra'ayinsa a kan duk abin da ya faru a cikin miya mai kyau, kuma yana da nasa ra'ayi game da yanayin zamantakewar siyasa a ƙasar. Bai bar damar yin magana game da lokacin da suka damu da shi ba.
A cikin 1989, Mstislav Leopolovichicich Leopollovichic magana tare da hayan Baha, cika shi a kan kayan aikinsa daga Berlin Wall. Mawaki ya yi fama da tsananta wa Anna Akhmatova, Joseph Brodsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. A ƙarshe shi ma ya tsara mafaka a kan Dacha. Ayyukan Rostopich ya haifar da rashin tsaro da matsin lamba daga gwamnati.
Saƙon daukaka kara ga babban taron Usstr game da afuwar fursunoni da kuma kawar da hukuncin kisa a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi. An haramta shi da tafiye-tafiye na kasashen waje. Rostrovich da Vishnevskaya ba a gayyaci babban metrovolitan orchestras zuwa wasannin.
MSTSALAV Leopolovich ta sami karɓar takardar izinin visa kuma tare da danginsa sun bar USSR, bayan an bar shi a Amurka. Bayan shekaru 4, mata da mata sun hana zama dan kasa don antipatriotism. Wannan lokacin yana da hadari ga mawuyacin. Babu wasa da farko. A hankali, ya fara ba da kide kide da kuma karbi matsayin daraktan zane a cikin Symstraony Orchestra.
Bayan shekaru 16 na rayuwa a ƙasashen waje, Rostrovich wani mawaki ne, mai gudanarwa da kuma ɗan adam, wanda aka sani a duniya. Gwamnatin ta ba ta daɗe a gare shi da kuma dawowar hauhawar kasar Sin, amma masu zane-zane a lokacin sun kasance "citizensan lokaci na duniya", kuma wannan alama ce a gare su.
Don Rostopich da Vishnevskaya, an buɗe kofofin a cikin kowane kasashe. Sun yi a Moscow a kan wani biranen. Putch 1991 ya tilasta wani mutum ya shiga cikin makomar kasar. Ya tallafa wa canje-canje da aka gabatar. A shekarar 1993, mawaƙa tare da danginsa sun koma St. Petersburg.
Timpertoire na Mstislav Rostrovovich ya kasance mai girma. Ya aikata shi, a cikin tara, ya yi aiki tare da orchonlony Orchestra kuma ya kasance shugaba na Opera. An mai da hankali ga dukkan duniyar mawaƙa. Fiye da magunguna 60 sun yi magana a gare shi, suna fatan cewa Maestro zai cika kayansu. Rostrovich shi ne farkon wanda ya yi fiye da Cello 100 na Cello da 1000 Celereauka 70 tare da Orchestra. Kayan aikin mawaƙa yana sauti akan mafi kyawun al'amuran duniya.
An yi rosrovovich kamar yadda "Peak Uwargida" ta samar a Amurka, "Amarya Amarya" a cikin Jamus, Hovanshina a Moscow. Har ila yau, zane-zane ya kuma yi rikodin kide kide don rediyo. Don yabo ga Maestro, an gabatar da lambobin Stalin da Lenin. A shekarar 1966, Rostrovich ya zama zane ga mutane na USSR. Mstislav Leopolovich - mai mallakar lambobin 5 "nahammy". A 2003, an bayar da kyautar "don aikin ban mamaki."
Rayuwar sirri
Mafi girman ra'ayi tare da Galina Vishnevskaya ya canza rayuwar MSTISlav Rosrovovich. Sun hadu a ɗayan dabarun da ake amfani da zane, kamar yadda aka saba, an gundura a cikin da'irar baƙi da mata sashshe. Ganin Galina, MSTISlav bai rabu da ita ba kowace yamma, yana haifar da. Sannan ya kasance tare da yawon shakatawa a Prague, yana ƙoƙarin cin nasara da kyakkyawa na hannun riga. Mutumin ya kasance dan shekara 28, amma bai dace da fasalin ba, manyan gilashin, suna bayyana a cikin matasa na Lynsin tilasta hadu da hadaddun.
Vishnevskaya a wannan lokacin haskaka ko'ina kuma ya kasance a kozu'in daukaka. Rostrovich ya mamaye zuciyarta tare da halayyar danshi, da kulawa da hankali. Mawaki ya tambayi mai zane ya zama matarsa kwanaki 4 bayan Dating. Vishnevskaya ya tashi tare da matarsa Markus ya yi kama da kasancewa tare da shi.
A Yi aure, ma'aurata sun rayu ma'aurata na ɗan lokaci tare da dangin MSTISLAVAV, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka sami nasa gidan. Rayuwar Rostropich ta yi farin ciki: A cikin 1956, matar ta haifi Olga 'Yar Olga. Dan wasan ya kasance a shirye ya sanya duk duniya zuwa kafafun gjina, yana ba da fushin, ruhohi da sauran abubuwan mamaki.
Kyaututtukan da mawaki sun kawo tare da yawon shakatawa a Ingila, inda ya ceci kudi don faranta makace, saboda an ba da wasu kudade ga Ofishin Jakadancin. Rinin mawuyacin ya tsayayya da dokokin da aka tsabtace. Da zarar ya sayi kayan aikin Sin da na tsintsiya kuma ya buge ta a ofishin jakadancin, bayar da damar raba gutsashi zuwa "nawa" da "naku."
A shekara ta 1958, Elena 'yar da Enna ta bayyana a kowace haske. Uban yana kiyaye mãtansa. Ya tsunduma cikin yara da kiɗa kuma ya kashe duk lokacinsa kyauta ga ƙauna. Iyakar Idyll ta keta ƙaura a cikin Amurka. Iyalin sun fuskanci rashin kudade, kirkirar siyasa da siyasa.
Koyaya, sabuwar rayuwa da sauri ta sanya ma'aurata masu arziki da kyauta. Rostrovich ya zama makiyaya daular Biritaniya, ya karbi tsari na mai girmama daga Faransa da kuma gicciye Jami'ar yabo daga Jamus. Haɗin Jafananci na Arts sun gabatar da shugaba zuwa kyautar Najeriya, Amurka - Yaƙi, da Sweden - umarnin tauraron dan wasan polar.
Komawa zuwa Rasha, Rosrovovich, tuni ma magatakarda, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da adadi na jama'a, bai nuna wani yanki ba da snobs. Kayan aiki na tashe-tashena sun fi son sauraron yara a cikin makarantu na talakawa, koyaushe sun yarda akan hoto tare da magoya baya, bai ki wani buƙatu ba. Ga wani mawaƙa, babu wani banbanci a cikin ƙasashen da ke lalata gaskiyar tarihin rayuwarmu - ya yi magana da komai da fahimta da girmamawa.
Mutuwa
A shekara ta 2007, lafiyar Maestro ta dorewa. An kwantar da shi a asibiti sau da yawa. Likitoci suka gano cutar marigewa a hanta. An aiwatar da wani aiki, wanda ya yi alkawarin inganta, amma kwayoyin da ke raunana sun kasance cikin sauri don murmurewa.
A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2007, mika waƙar bai yi ba. Sanadin mutuwa shi ne wahala wahala da sakamakon sake farfadowa. Har zuwa karshen minti, dangi da kuma kusanci tare da shi.
Tunani
Mutuwar Mstislav Rosrovich bai hana ci gaban ayyukan da ya yi cikinsa ba. Babban abokai da kuma abubuwan da aka san su tallafawa lamarin ya fara ne yayin rayuwa. Don haka, makarantar a 2004 a Valencia tana aiki da yanzu. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mawuyacin, bikin shekara-shekara na matasa matasa ana riƙe, wanda aka sanya wa girmamawa.
Mai gudanar da jagorar da aka kafa asusu wanda ke goyan bayan ɗaliban da ke baiwa ɗalibai da tallafin karatu da tallafin karatu. A yau, shugaban kasarsa Olga Olga Olinga ce. Gidauniyar alakar sadakarwar ta Vishiruvskaya Rostrovich ita ce gudummawar mawaƙa ga ci gaban magungunan gida, wanda ke goyan bayan 'yar Elena.
A cikin Moscow, a cikin Bryusov Lane, an kafa abin tunawa a kan mawuyacin hali. A cikin girmamawa ga sanannen mawaƙa da yawa cibiyoyin Rasha suna sunan Rasha.
Kyauta da lakabi
- 1951 - stalinsky digiri na II kyauta
- 1955 - An girmama Artist na RSFSR
- 1964 - Kyautar Lenin
- 1964 - Artist na mutane na Rsfsr
- 1966 - Artist na mutane na USSR
- 1991 - Kyautar Jihar RSFSR mai suna bayan M. I. GLKSA
- 1995 - Kyautar Jiha ta Tarayya