Tari
Ofaya daga cikin manyan 'yan daraktan na farko masu halartar ƙungiyar Soviet, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da hanyar Grotesque a cikin fasahar aiki, da ake kira "biomechanics". Vsevolod a yau ya kasance misali don fim da kuma mashahuri, wanda baya son sanin kirkirar su a tsarin al'ada.
A cewar Evgenia Vakhtangov, leke "ya kawo tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gaba." A rayuwarsa, an kira shi Jagora da Wizard na gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Amma ba da gaskiya ba a manta da cewa Matra tana da isasshen masu sukar. Dear a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Duniya nemirovich-Wenko kalli gwaje-gwajen da kirkirar kumburi da saurayi.
Yaro da matasa
Karl Casimir Theodore An haife Myergold - Wannan Darakta yana kama da wurin haifuwa, a cikin babban iyali emilia myergold. Shuka ya kawo dangin arziki na kasar Luthan, amma ba farin ciki ba. Alvina Danilovna, tazanta mahaifiyata, ta haifi ɗa na takwas da na ƙarshe - ɗan Charles, wanda bai ɓoye wa kansa ba.
Yaro da matasa marasa lafiya sun shude a cikin Penza. Anan kuma a yau ana kiyaye ginin Gymnasium na 2, inda ya sami darektan ilimi. Ya yi nazari game da Karl mummunan rauni, yana barin sau uku domin shekara ta biyu. Maimakon shekara 8, ɗan mai shayarwa na kiwo granid kimiyyar Granite na 11. Kadai kawai ga saurayin ana kiransa da maraice waɗanda suka gamsu da mahaifiyar da ke da mahimmancin birni. Saitin na farko na Karl ya hango a matakin gida.
Onarin da tarihin Charles na Charles Pepling mai ban sha'awa. Ya sa wasan sada zumunci na farko a 18. Ranar Firayim Ministan ya kasance da farin ciki, da baƙin ciki: A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1892, ƙarshen rayuwar da aka gabatar a rayuwar shugaban. Cancear da Farko saboda ɗan Sonan kuma bai yi tunani ba.
A 12, saurayin a ƙarshe ya fashe da abin da ya gabata, wanda Orthodoxy ya canza sunan da miliyoyin suka san shi a yau. A cikin YaraYa, ya zama, yana ba da yabo ga ɗaukar hoto na sanannen datti.
A cikin 1895, esevolod erey ya tafi Moscow kuma shigar da Jami'ar ta hanyar zabar hukunce-hukuncen. Bayan shekara guda, ya fahimci cewa dokoki sun gaji da shi, kuma suka jefa jami'a.
Yin gwaje-gwaje a cikin makarantar mawaƙa, buɗe a cikin Metropolitan Philharmonic, Vsevolod ya ƙare da iyawa da kyalkyali: masu nazari sun shafi ta hanyar Penza Nugget na Penza, waɗanda aka shafi shi a kan 2nd tafsirin.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Mai ba da lafiya "ya yi rashin lafiya" gidan wasan ba kawai godiya ga mahaifiyar ba - babban ra'ayi game da saurayi ya sake wasa "Othello", Konstantirin Stanislavsky. Daraktan ya zama tsafin Vsevolod na rayuwa.
A cikin shekaru na ɗalibai, Vladimir nemirovich-Dattenko rinjayi Penzenza mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya yiwa ɗalibin da yake cikin yanayin haihuwa. Malami ya raba tare da yin shirin da ke shirin kirkirar sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo a babban birnin, a kan matakin da zai janye kwandonansa.
Bayan kammala karatun daga makarantar, Vsevolod Meyer ya shiga cikin matabben MHT. Darakta dan dan sa masa aikin Hamlet, masarauta, da tnar. An sa bitar a kan ayyukan Shakespeare da Chekhov. Jiya, ɗalibin da farko sun buga farin ciki, kyakkyawar kwazazzabo a cikin hotunan jarumawa daban-daban, amma ya isa kawai ga 4 yanayi.
Kula da MHT Actor ya bayyana ga wahayi mai ban sha'awa, amma masu bi na bi suna kira wani dalili: Nemirovich -annenko bai gabatar da ba a gabatar da kararrawa a cikin da'irar hannun jari na sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayon. Kuma ga mai zane, na sanyaya, gani a cikin yanayin sa na wasan Superbar da Betssa.
Hagu vsevolod ya bar MHT tare da abokin aiki Alexander Kosheverov. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun koma baya - Kherson, inda suka shirya wasan kwaikwayo.
A lardin, ayyukan ba su sanyaya ba, amma ana samun magoya baya. Lokacin wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne a watan Satumbar 1902.
Da farko, wasan kwaikwayon ya zama kamar "da aka rubuta" daga maganganun MHt, amma nan da nan masu kallo masu ladabi sun lura da "Diredodin" darektan. Vsevolod Meyer, ba kamar tsafinsa na Stoanislavsky ba, ya jaddada ba kan masana halin dan adam da cikar ciki na wasan, amma a kan filastik, nishaɗi.
Stanislavsky, wanda ya ji labarin nasarar da ba shi da kariya a Kherson, ya ba da wani saurayi abokin gaba da zai koma babban babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kafa shi bisa ga Nemirovich-Dattenko. Vsevolod nan da nan ya yarda kuma ya ruga zuwa Moscow.
Koyaya, a matakin birni, Vsevolod Meyer ya sanya wasanni 3 kawai. Kuma idan Stanislavsky ya yarda ya yarda da kirkirar abokan aiki, Nemirovich-Dattenko bai yi nadamar sarcasm ba. A cikin 1905, darektan dole ne ya koma Kherson.
Fata mai kyau ya sake yin wani ɗan wasa mai kyau: a shekara ya yi aiki a St. Petersburg, inda na kira Pereters Vera Vera. Dangane da sanannen 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan ya jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo a kan jami'in kuma domin kakar wasa ta gabatar da masu sauraro 13. A nan, avant-gargajiya yarda da sha'awa.
A cikin wasanni na 1908 na mummunan Vsevolod, har ma a mataki na wasan kwaikwayo, har sai kwanan nan aka dauki mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya - Alexandrinsky.
Arewararshen aikin da aka shirya na ƙarshe an gudanar da shi a watan Fabrairu na juyawa na 1917. Mahaifiyar ta sanya Lermontovsky masqueade.
Juyin juya halin shekaru 43 na Vsevolod na yarda da yarda da karfafawa. "Mahaifin sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayon", kamar yadda ake kira shi, da yardar aiki tare da sabuwar gwamnatin kuma ba tare da jinkirin zama memba na WFB ba.
A kan matakin ne Mystery-Buff, Vladimir Mayakovsky, shimfidar wuri wanda ya jawo Kazimir Malevich. Tare da mayakovsky, Alexander toshe, Nathan Altman da sauran wakilai na al'adu da kuma sabbin shugabannin.
A 1920, wasan kwaikwayon jihar ya bude kofofin a babban birnin, wanda ya karbi sunan Darakta. A bayyane shi ana kiransa baƙi. A kan matakin, akwai wasan kwaikwayon kan ayyukan wadanda suka dauki sabon tsari na marubutan - Yuri Oleshi, Ilyya Ehrenburg kuma, ba shakka, mayakovsky.
Ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya zama ya gaza Reich, wanda ya haɗu da tauraron Maria Babiya. Saboda rikice-rikice rikice-rikice tare da mafi so na Darakta Bababinova, kuma tare da ita ta uku na Tandalen ya bar gidan wasan kwaikwayon. Shari'ar ba kawai a cikin Aljanna ba - m da m tenper ya banbanta kuma ba makayi, wanda ya tsaya kan tsayayya da ra'ayin wani.
Akwai zato cewa Alexei Tolstoy, ƙirƙirar sanannen labarinsa game da Pinocchio, ya ga yadda aka tsara daidai ba, wanda masu fasaha su ne puppets. An dauki irin Paparoma mai kyau Carlo a matsayin Stanislavsky.
Vsevolod Emilich yayi kokarin karfin da kuma sinima. A asusunka 3 na fim, wanda ya nuna kansa a matsayin darektan da dan wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin kintinkiri "hoton Dorian launin farin ciki" ya buga wa Ubangiji Henry.
Aminci ga iko bai zama "difloma mai kariya ba" don Murra - a cikin tsakiyar 1930s a kan shugaban girgije. Ya hukunta shi, amma bai yi amfani da damar da za su yi hijira ba, ya ƙi ci gaba a cikin Paris yayin tafiya.
A cikin hunturu na 1936, Jaridar "Gaskiya" ta buga wata hanya da ake kira "Supur maimakon kiɗan." Opera "Lady Macbeth MtSensky County" aka sukar ta, wanda aka kawo shi ta dmitry ne da kayan adonta da "Lelatsky Art", ana zargin zane-zane da kuma hakikanin magana. Kuma duk wannan marubucin da ake kira "Meryerchina".
A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, an baiwa taken taken kungiyar masu fasaha na Usstrlavsky, Nemirovicch-Wenko, Kachalo, Moskvin. A cikin jerin da aka ba su ba su juya ba. Daraktan ya ruga ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne "nasa" wanda har yanzu yana da aminci ga iko. A kan mataki, akwai wasan kwaikwayon game da ƙauyen hadin kai, sababbin jarumai suka bi.
Koyaya, mu'ujiza ba ta faru ba: A watan Janairu 1938, an rufe baƙi. Daga Apaired da Daraktan marasa aikin yi, duk wanda ya yaba masa kuma ya yi alfahari da sanin mutum. Dangantaka da Boris Pasternak, masu zane-zane da marubuta sun kasance iri ɗaya.
A watan Mayu, Stanislavsky ya shimfiɗa hannu da taimakon Vsevolod under loard, yana nada darakta ta jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayon.
Mutuwar malami da tsafi a farkon watan Agusta Meyer sun fahimci matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na mutum da kuma matsala ta matsala. A watan Yuni 1939 aka kama shi.
Rayuwar sirri
Olga Mint Miid ne Miunsan makarantar Vsevolod Emilich Emilich, wanda ya auri duk da nufin mahaifiyarsa a cikin shekarar farko ta jami'a - ya gabatar da mijinta uku da 'ya'ya mata. Ma'aurata sun rayu a babban birnin kasar, a cikin gidan a kan Novinsky Boulevard.
Tare da tsohon matar Sereni Yesenina Zinaiida Reich Matic Matt ya gana a cikin Narkpros, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare. Ya gayyaci kyakkyawa ya zama babban taron bita, wanda aka jagoranta.
Olga Mount ya ambaci wata budurwa wacce ke da ƙananan yara biyu na Yesin a hannunsa, da tausayawa, yarda, an yarda da shi a gidansu. A lokacin bazara na 1922, milts tare da yara sun tafi kudu. Lokacin da dawo daga sauran, sai na ga cewa Reich ya zauna a gidan. Olga ya nemi sabon gidan.
Daga baya, 'yar Zinia Reich - Tatiana Reich - Cikin Tatiana Reich - Cikin tunawa da shi a cikin ambatonsa ya rubuta cewa mahaifiyar bai ji kaunar ta'aziyya ba. Sun yi mamakin cewa ƙungiyar tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Madive, wanda ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayonsa, ya buɗe ƙofar zuwa duniyar Bohemia.
Bayan shekaru 5-6, Reich ya zama kwanan nan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Amma rayuwar ma'auratan suna da wahalar yin masu arziki ne, sun buga cikakkun mutane cikin mutane, amma da sha'awar Shakespeare sun tashi a baya rufe kofofin.
Mutuwa
Zinaiida reich ya kashe kwanaki 25 bayan kame karon. Masu laifin sun shiga cikin taga kuma sun sa wata mace raunuka 17 sha.
A cewar zato guda ɗaya, 'yan fashi da aka kai gidan, wanda ya ga wa matar sa ta fara kuka. A cikin wasu, kisan ya ɓace a matsayin fashi. Wanda aka zarge shi, Nkvd ya rama aljanna don gaskiyar cewa yayin kama matan da ya zarge shaidu a kisan Yesin.
Makiyon Vsevolod sun tsira daga azabtar da matarsa: Bayan azzalumi, an zarge shi da aiki a kan kurkukun Jafananci. A cikin Fabrairu 1940 an harbe shi a cikin ɗayan ginin lubyanka. Ƙura ta ƙone a cikin kabari na gaba ɗaya a don masu kyautatawa.
A cewar wasu bayanai, sanadin mutuwar Darakta yana nutsar da shi a cikin ganga da ƙazanta. Kafin wannan bai wajaba, wanda ya rabu da sojojin da ya dace da abokan aikinsa, ya karya yatsunsu a hannunsu. A cikin adana gidan kurkuku, ana iya ganin yadda vsevolod Emilich ya zo kuma an cire shi a cikin kurkuku ducts.
Yarda da Marah, Maria Valentine, a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a kan kabarin Zinaiida Reich a kan makabartar Vagankovsky, babban abin tunawa da sunan kakanin da aka buga. A cikin wannan 1956 ta sami gyaran darektan. Game da wurin jana'izarsa, soyayya ta sami labarin kawai a cikin 1987.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, mahaifar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta gano cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta idato "ereyer House".
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana aiki
- 1906 - "Balant"
- 1917 - "masqueade"
- 1918 - "Mystery-Buff"
- 1921 - "Unionungiyar matasa"
- 1922 - "Gamning Carridge"
- 1922 - "Mutuwar tamelkin"
- 1924 - "Malami Babi
- 1926 - "roe, china"
- 1929 - "Klop"
- 1930 - "Musya"
- 1931 - "Na karshe"
- 1933 - "Gabatarwa"
- 1934 "Uwargida da Kamaru"
- 1935 - "33 Fainting"
- 1935 - "Rove baƙon"