Tari
Andriyan Nikolaev babban janar na sama ne, marubuci, dan takarar fasaha kimiyyar, shi ne na uku na USSR, wanda ya ziyarta sarari. Mahalarta wani gwaji na soja da ba a bayyana ba a cikin sararin samaniya shi ne mutum na farko da ke aiki a cikin wani Orbit ba tare da Skatera ba.
Don yabo zuwa Uwardar, Nikolaev ya ba wa Nikolaev sau biyu ya ba da taken gwarzo na Soviet kuma an ba shi umarni da yawa da lambobin yabo.
Yaro da matasa
Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaaev, ɗan asalin ƙauyen Teatherhovskaya Asr, an haife shi ne a kan iyali alefseeeevna Alefseeva kuma ya kasance a tsakiyar yara hudu.
Bayan kammala karatunsu daga makarantar sakandare a 1944, Nikolaev ya shiga makarantar Maryo-Pousead Leotothechnical Fastocin Fasaha. Sannan wani matashi kwararren tare da difloma na yaduwar da aka rarraba don aiki a Karelia. Matashin da wanda ya yi sha'awar girman Arewa yana tunanin cewa na sami kira, amma lokacin sabis ɗin sojojin yana zuwa, kuma makomar Andriyan ta canza sanyi.
Nikolaev ya zo ga sojojin jirgin sama, sannan a karshen sabis na gaggawa ya shiga makarantar masu harbi a karkashin makarantar soja Chernihiv. Zama matukin jirgi mai horo da matukin jirgi, Andriiyan ya ci gaba da yin hidima a yankin Moscow, inda ya fadi a ƙarƙashin farkon almara Alexander Tashkin.
Kwarewar da aka amince da ita daga cikin babban mashawarta, Nikolaev ya nuna al'ajibin da aka tsara matuka a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Sau ɗaya, yayin jirgin horar da horo, lokacin da injunan manoma na Mig-17 aka ƙaryata, Andriyan sa motar a fagen, ya guji hadarin nasa. Don kame kai da ƙarfin hali a cikin tsarin hadaddun Nikolaev ya ba da awoyi tare da rubutun maras muhimmanci kuma shigar da shi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta USSR.
Cosmonautics
Maris 7, 1960 shine muhimmin kwanan wata a cikin tarihin rayuwar mai jan Nikolaev. Godiya ga halaye masu kyau daga wurin sabis, Andriyan ya ɗauki mai sauraro zuwa rukunin Cosmonas, wanda aka sa wa Gagarin.
A cikin garin tauraron, matukin jirgi ya riƙe matakin horo na gwaji, masana ilimin motsa jiki da kuma suka samu nasarar aiwatar da binciken likitancin Soviet, wanda aka samu nasarar aiwatar da binciken likita a cikin asibitin jirgin sama na jirgin sama, wanda aka samu nasarar aiwatar da binciken likitocin na tsakiya, wanda aka samu a cikin tawagar USSR Cosmonas.
Matukan matukan jirgi guda shida waɗanda suke da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar zahiri da ƙwararrun ƙwarewar aiki da kuma wannan matakin na shiri, daidai da cewa wurin na 1st a sarari. Masu aiwatar da shugabanni, wanda kafin a zaba, ya ba da matukan jirgi don zaɓar disdacy a kansu. Andriyan da Comarrades sun yanke shawarar cewa Yuri Gagarin shi ne mafi cancantar a cikinsu.
A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1962, Abokai sun kwashe gwarzo a kan Baikonur Cosmodrome sarari, kuma lokacin da ofishin ya ce capsule da Gagarin saukad da, ba iyaka.
A kan kalaman nasara, shugabancin Pcu fara shirye-shiryen don ƙaddamar da roka na biyu na roka "Gabas-2". An nada kwamandan jirgin na jirgin ruwa na Jamusanci, da Nikolaev ya ba da umarnin aikin Dubbler. Matukan matukan da ke da hannu sun ƙwace, saboda dole ne su kashe duka ranar a sararin samaniya da kuma karo na farko da za a ji yanayin rashin nauyi.
Farfa ta biyu ta sake wucewa ba tare da halartar NikolaEv ba, amma matukin jirgin bai hana horarwa da aka shirya ba. Kimantawa a hankali, kitsen, amsa mai sauri da kuma nuna wadannan umarni, cibiyar gudanar da jirgin saman da aka nada Andriyan Grigoriever Martial "Gabas-3".
Wurin da ya fara ne a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1962 ya zama abin da zai jagoranci na farko cikin sararin samaniya a cikin sararin samaniya a cikin Wane roka 2 ", wanda aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar Pavel Popvich. Bugu da kari, manufar 'yan saman jannati wani gwaji ne game da neman kayan shiga ba tare da ingantaccen kwastomomi ba, cikin nasarar gudanar da matukin jirgi.
Kuma bayan shekaru, jama'a sun koya game da asirin balaguron sararin samaniya ", wanda ke kwaikwayon halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai banmamaki, ɗayan kuma manufa ce.
A lokacin balaguron farko, Andriyan Grigorievich ya tashi sau 64 a kusa da kasar haihuwarsa kuma ta kasance a cikin wani gefen da ke kusa da minti daya, saita rikodin lokacin jiragen sama. Ya zama abin da ya gano "cin abinci na cosic", sau uku a rana shan abinci musamman gwangwani da aka dafa da numfashi kofi. A karshen jirgin, sunan matukin jirgi shi ne na farko a cikin littafin gurguzu da ta ta hanyar bayar da kyautar da aka bayar a matsayin babban bambanci.
Komawa Duniya, Nikolayev ya shiga cikin Moscow Nikoay Zhakivsky Air, inda ya cika kuma ya karu da kwarewar fasaha kuma a cikin 1968 ya sami kwarewar injin din "matukan jirgin sama". Andriyan Grigorievich ya zama kwamandan kungiyar ta Stellar, kuma a shekarar 1965 ya shiga jirgin sama a kan girgizar da ke kusa da Soyuz. Wasikar da aka yi niyya ta faru ba ta faru ba, kuma Nikolaev ta ɗauki matsayin mataimakin shugaban cibiyar mai suna bayan Yuri Gagarin kuma sun karɓi taken na mulkin mallaka.
A cikin 1970, Andriyan Grigorievich ya zama kwamandan SOYUZ-9, da vitaly sevasov ya zama abokin aikinsa a cikin jirgin mai zuwa. Matukan jirgi sun juya duk duniya, suka zauna a sararin samaniya 17 days 16 hours da mintuna 58, da suka karya duk bayanan da ba a iya amfani da su ba.
Godiya ga aikin da aka kula, da abokin gaba da wani abokin ciniki ya gudanar da yawan binciken kimiyya da kuma bincike na kungiyar makiyi da aka zartar a kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta jirgin. Bayan dawowa kan tushen bayanai kan yanayin jiki na yanayin, likitocin sun kirkiro wani shiri na shiri don yanayin karbuwa da kuma karbuwa mai zuwa ga yanayin duniya.
Don wannan balaguron fim din "duniya jan hankali", Andriyan Grigorievich ya karɓi lada na Tarayyar Soviet da taken manyan jirgin sama.
Bayan jirgin, Nikolaev ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban horarwa na farko, an zabe shi ne ga 1994, sanannen matukin jirgi a cikin jihar Rasha na hukumar Rasha. Ta hanyar rubuta takaddun kimiyya 70 da kuma zane-zane na sarari, Andriyan Grigorievich a 1975 sun kare sashen kimiyya kuma sun karbi taken kimiyyar fasaha.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1963, Nikolaev, basuren karshe na Stelllar Garin, ya auri mace ta farko-cosmonout valentina tereshkova. Bikin aure ya gudana ne a gidan gwamnati tare da halartar Sakatare Janar Najeriya Nikita Khrashcheev.
Abokai sun yi la'akari da wannan ƙawance da amfani ga kimiya da al'umma kuma ba su yi imani da farin cikin sabuwar mata da mata da aka yi ba. Wadannan rikice-rikice na Andriyan Grigorievich sun musanta a cikin littafin "Za mu hadu a Orit," Za mu ambaci game da rayuwar mutum, tare da dumi da ƙauna sun amsa game da rabin sa.
Bayan shekara guda, Elena 'yar, wanda ke da yawan rashin nasara ta jiki da aka haife shi a cikin gidan sararin samaniya. Hakan bai hana yarinyar ta kammala karatunsa ba daga makarantar da kuma kwaffin likitanci tare da girmamawa, sau biyu suna aure kuma sun zama mahaifiyar yara biyu.
Cikakkun bayanai na dangantakar a cikin dangin Nikolaev Redist. A cikin mutane, matan sun ba da juna a kan alamu, amma wani abu a cikin aure ba daidai ba, kuma, bayan da aka kashe kusan shekaru 19, Andriyan Grigorivich da Valiyan Vladimirovna suka sake saki.
Tereshkova ya auri Yulia Shapshova, da Nikolayev kafin Mutuwar ta kasance ita kaɗai.
Mutuwa
Andriyan Nikolaev, wanda ya mallaki lafiya na gwarzo a cikin matasa da balagagge, ya fara fuskantar matsaloli tare da zuciyarsa a ƙarshen rayuwa.
A lokacin bazara na 2004, an gayyaci 'yan saman jannati zuwa Cheboksary a matsayin alkali na gasa na dukkan gasa na Rasha na Rasha. 3 ga Yuli, bayan ƙarshen al'amuran da manema labarai, a kan abin da na ƙarshe hoto na sanannen matukin jirgi ya yi, Nikolaev ya lalace ya mutu. Likitoci sun gano cewa sanadin mutuwar manyan masu zirga-zirga ya zama sananniya.
Andriyan Grigorievich binne a ranar gidansa na ɗan asalinsu a kan nufin matarsa da 'yarsa. Hoton Cosmonout da ba a fahimta a gidan kayan gargajiya da ke cikin garin Sharchela, wanda tun 2006 ana kiransa hadadden hadaddun da Nikolaev, smolenensk da cheboksary, da kuma a cikin jerin tituna da murabba'ai na Rasha biranen.
A shekara ta 2018, mazaunan Rasha don tabbatar da cewa an sanya sunan matukin jirgi a filin jirgin saman Babban Jirgin Sama na Chuvash.
Titles da Kyauta
- 1961 - "odarwar tauraro ja"
- 1962 - Pilot-cosmonut na USSR
- 1962, 1970 - gwarzo na Soviet Union
- 1962, 1970 - lambar zinare "
- 1962 - "oda na Lenin"
- 1970 - "lambar zinare mai suna bayan Yu.Gagarin"
- 1976 - "oda na Red Banner"
- 1981 - kyaututtukan jihar na USSR
- 1988 - Umarni "Don hidimar mahaifiyar a cikin rundunar sojojin" III digiri
- 1991 - Lambobi "don ƙarfafa Complealth Complealth Commonweal