Mutt Gafuri - hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, mutuwa ta mutuwa, waƙoƙi

Tari

Mutuwar Gafuri wani mawaki ne na Soviet, marubuci kuma dan kasuwa wanda ya rubuta a Tatar da Bashkir. Tsararrakinsa yana da babban tasiri ga littattafan da ke cikin Bashkortostan da Tatarstan kuma wani madubi ne na ra'ayoyin zamantakewa na yawan cigaban karni na 20.

Yaro da matasa

Gabdelitsa Nurgaivich Gafurov, don haka cikakken sunan Magita Gafuri, an haife shi ne a kan watan Yuli 8, 1880 a ƙauyen UFAVO Larzarta (Yanzu wannan wurin yana nufin Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan). Mahaifin mawaƙi na gaba ya yi aiki a matsayin malami mai rustic. Don ciyar da babban iyali (da maju ya kasance ɗan ɗa na biyar), Nurghany Gafurov ya jagoranci ƙaramin gona kuma a lokacin bazara mutum ya tsunduma cikin kiwon kudan zuma.

Tuni kamar yaro, waƙar nan gaba ta nuna leken asiri da ba 'yanci ba: Makarantar musulmai na farko, ta kware littattafai shekaru 2-3. Sakamakon haka, mahaifinsa ya kai shi makarantarsa, kuma yaro dan shekaru 11 ya taimaka nurori don horar da wasu yara.

Ana son dan rayuwa mai kyau da ganin tunaninsa, Uba ya shirya ɗanta a Madrasa - a cikin ƙauyen Utyashevo. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, Nurghani Gafurov ya mutu, kuma a cikin rabin shekara mahaifiyar saurayin, yana barin shi marayu.

Bayan haka, Mutich ya yi kokarin yin karatu a Madrasa UFA, amma bai samu isasshen kuɗi ba don shigarwar. A cikin faɗuwar 1898, saurayin ya hau kan kafa zuwa kungiyar don ci gaba da samuwar Rasulieva, Isana. A nan ne ya yi karatu har zuwa 1904, kodayake tsarin ilimin addini da na wakilai bai son shi kuma karfafa ra'ayi ya shiga cikin ilimin kai.

Saurayi ya yi nazarin yare: Larabci, Baturke, na Iran, ba ya yi watsi da tarihi da labarin ƙasa na Rasha. A karshen karatunsa cikin Tirtity Madsa, Gafuri ya riga ya yarda a bude maganganun ilimi da dabi'u marasa gamsarwa da kuma jikewa da kuma alamomin samari har ma sun kafa kungiyar da ke kewaye da shi.

Halitta

Waƙar farko ta Gafuri an buga a 1902. A Shakirdam Izan, saurayi ya yi umarni na Madrasa da kuma bautar da ɗaliban da ke gaban malamin, a cikin "High" Height "High" halayyar 'yan stanyan "High" High "Heartys Muti sham. A cikin fushi Ihan ya hana saurayin ya zauna a makaranta, kuma an tilasta masa yin hayar da wani daki mai zaman kansu, wanda ba da wuri ya zama wurin da yada matasa na zamantakewa ba.

Daga nan sai aka rubuta waƙar farko na marubucin, "in ji yankin Siberian", abubuwan da suka soki wanda ya zargi ƙungiyar musulmai na Rasha da suka kira su su duba kuma mutane. Daga wannan lokacin, rayuwar Gafuri ta fara ne a matsayin mawaki kuma marubucin malamin.

Bayan an bar shi a cikin 1905 zuwa Kazan, Mutich ya sadu da masana Talar: playwrights da marubuta. A wannan lokacin, da al'adun mawaƙar sun sami ƙarin furta launin siyasa da juyin juya hali. Wahayi zuwa ga juyin juya hali na farko, Gafuri ya rubuta "wauta na farin ciki", a cikin 1906 - labarin mai yin jima'i ", wanda ya siyar da mummunan magana game da 'yan matan aure daga cikin ƙananan yadudduka na al'umma .

Bayan amsawar da suka faru da Peter, da Maganci da aka jera a cikin jerin mutanen da ke haifar da tuhuma da cewa sun tilasta Gafuri don tserewa da farko a cikin Kazakh Steppes, sannan a UFA. Bin mawafin na siyasa ya ƙare ne kawai a cikin 1917.

A cikin 1907, Gafuri ya sami cibiyar ilimi wanda ya amsa ra'ayoyinsa: Godiya zuwa rabin madarar Madrasa "a cikin 1909, Marinich a ƙarshe ya sami nasarar samun babban ilimi. Bayan haka, mawaƙa ta dogara ga nasa kirkirar, tarin tarin kasawa. Hakanan, waƙoƙin sa yana bayyana ganno mai ɗaure, kuma Gafuri ya cika tatsuniyoyin su da dandano na ƙasa.

A cikin lokacin daga 1909 zuwa 1913, bangaren soyayya ya bayyana a cikin aikin Magita, amma a lokaci guda, dabarun kishin ƙasa da kuma gwagwarmaya da rashin adalci ci gaba da jagoranta cikin ayyukan hyrical. Mai ƙarfi tasiri kan rayuwar mawallafin shine yakin duniya. A wannan lokacin, abubuwan da Allah ya fara tashi cikin ayyukan Gafuri, wanda ya haifar da mummunan tsinkaye ga mawakacin da malamai musulmai na wadannan lokuta.

Babban Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Halittar Kyakkyawan dalilai sun bayyana a cikin ayoyi da labarin mata - - Ya yi imani da cewa 'yantar da mutane da kuma al'ummomin sassan mutane da yawa suka faru. Yana bayyane a bayyane a cikin bangarorin "Zuciyarta", "" 'yanci' yanci "," a cikin girmamawa ga 'yanci. "

Anan ne ambaton daga can:

"Amma ikon ma'aikata hannun

Bango ya lalata.

'Yanci tare da katako mai farin ciki

Island ce wutar lantarki "

A shekarar 1923, kwamitin zartarwa na Bashkir ya yaba da gudummawar gudummawar Gafuri ga al'adun kasa. An ba Magita na mawaƙin mawaƙin Jamhuriyar Bashkir, kuma yana da duk goyon bayan da mawaƙin zai iya rubuta littattafai. Daga 1924 zuwa 1929, Mutich, ban da ayyukan rubutu, sunyi aiki a ofishin edita na jaridar "New Village" (Yana Avyl).

Wannan lokacin yana da arziki a cikin chist: Gafuri ya rubuta labari "matakai na rayuwa" da "na 'Chernolic", da kuma ƙarshen an san shi azaman ƙirar adabin ƙasa. Hakanan, aikin wani mutum ya taba tare da wasan kwaikwayo: Ya kirkiro wasan "Red Star", ya rubuta wa Opera "EstE".

A farkon rabin 1930s a cikin aikin Gafuri, ban da dalilan gurguzu, akwai sukar tsarin siyasar ƙasashen waje. A cikin ayyukan "Ocean", "maƙiyi na kasashen waje" Manufofin mulkin mallaka da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam.

Rayuwar sirri

A rayuwar mutum na Majiit Gafuri, wani wuri ne ga mace ɗaya - matarsa ​​Zuhon Kamaleeleledovna Nasyrova, wacce mawaka a cikin haruffa da ake kira Zuhra-Khanum. Ya samo asali ne daga dangin Tailors, ya sami ilimi sosai, ya koyar a cikin UFA Tsara ga 'yan mata da baiya da Tatar. Hakanan don kula da dangin Zuhra ya ci gaba da dinka.

Maurawar Gafuri Gafuri ta zama mafi kusancin mutum, mataimaki a cikin dukkan ayyukan yi, aboki na kusa da gidan kayan tarihi. 'Ya'yan aure guda biyu da aka haife su a aure: Anwar da Khalit. Kuna hukunta da hoton hoton na 1922, iyalai a cikin iyali, duk da samancin addini na Gafuri, mutane ne na kowa - Zuhra sanye da suturar mace.

Mutuwa

Mutt Gafuri ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1934 a UFA, sanadin mutuwa shi ne zuberwa. An binne wa mawaƙan a cikin CPKo mai suna bayan Matterov.

Gidan mawaƙar a kan Gogol Streetlylyly ya zama Gidan kayan gargajiya na Magita Gafuri. Har ila yau, a cikin UFA, inda mawaƙin ya yi shekara fiye da shekaru 11, a 1978 ya kafa wani abin tunawa da ta zama mallakar al'adun birnin.

Littafi daya

• 1904 - "Rayuwa cikin talauci"
• 1909 - "manta da laifi"
• 1914 - "sassa na wallafe-wallafi"
• 1920 - "daji Goose"
• 1923 - "A cikin matsanancin yunwa"
• 1932 - "A ranar salama ta zinariya"
• 1933 - "chernolic"
• 1934 - "Yanzu yana da kyau, ya kasance da wahala"