Tari
Galiiyiyanci Kamal - marubucin Tatar, marubucin Natse yana aiki, ma'auni da mai kafa yanayin yanayin Tatarstan. Ya fassara ayyukan ɗaliban Rasha kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga samuwarsu a kan sarki a garinsu.
Sunan yanzu na marubucin shine Galiiybar Yarayyaovich Kameletdinov. Game da yaron marubucin ya san kadan. An haife shi ne a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1879 a cikin Kazan. Mahaifin Yaron ya yi aiki a matsayin wanda yake kuma ba su banbanta cikin babban nasara ba.
Galiiyen yara na yara da aka yi a ƙauyen, daga inda mahaifiyarsa ke zuwa. Ya kalli rayuwarsa a cikin ƙananan duniyar Mars, kuma kammalawar farko game da na'urar duniya.
Ilimi Mai Marubucin ya samu a cikin Madsa "goshia" da "Muhammadua" a cikin Kazan. Matashin da ya nuna cewa ya koyar da Rashanci kuma yayin da ilimi ya bayyana sararin duniya ya gano duniyar wasan kwaikwayo na Rashan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. Gaskiyar cewa Galidicar ana ɗaukar ta ta hanyar kerawa da adabi, ya bayyana a sarari lokacin da yake saurayi, don haka yana da sauƙi a ɗauka cewa za a haɗa tarihin rayuwarsa da waɗannan kwatance.
Halitta
Farkon wasan da aka buga, da aka buga daga gashin tsuntsu na gaba, aikin "matasan da ke da kyau." Galiiyastar ya rubuta shi a cikin 1898, kuma a cikin 1907 ya kirkiro bugu na biyu. Babban leitmotif na abun da ke ciki shi ne al'amuran zamantakewa da ra'ayoyin ilimi cewa maganganun na novice ya bayyana.
Kalmar dimokir dimokradiyya, ya ƙarfafa motsi juyin juya halin 1905-1907 kuma ya zama mai kafa na jaridu da yawa. A cikin 1906, fitowar "Azat" ya bayyana, wanda aka fassara shi a matsayin "'yanci", daga baya "a azabar na mujallar Jashen (" Walkning ") aka buga a ciki Circiri, wanda Galiiykan Kamal ya samar tare da mawaƙin Gabar Mawaki.
Sha'awar samari na gidan wasan kwaikwayon ba su bar Kamala da tsofaffi ba. Ya inganta ci gaban shari'ar gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya halarci cikin halittar sanarwa na farko, wanda aka gabatar ga jama'a a cikin 1906. Maimaita playwright ya shafi abin da ya faru a cikin abin da ainihin gaske, rikice-rikice masu dacewa da haruffa masu haske. Wasanninsa sun kafa tushen sa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tatar da aka juyar da Tatar.
A hankali, an maye gurbin ra'ayoyin matasa ta hanyar da ba'a iya amfani da su ba, da tsarin da ake samu da kuma matsalolin zamantakewa. Comerica Cacties of Playwright ya zama wani mahangar yanayi cewa duniya ta ƙi. Ya yi amfani da ainihin halaye a matsayin tushen ayyukan da aka gano sauƙin gano wasu haruffa a fage.
A cikin 1908, farkon gabatarwar "gabatarwa na farko" a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ta bayyana wannan gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali a kan kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar. A cikin hoton babban halaye, duk an bayyana doping, wanda marubucin ya ƙi. A shekarar 1912, masu sauraro sun ga "asirin mutanenmu" wanda 'yan wasan mu ke hana abin rufe fuska da ke goyon bayan tsarin sarauta, wanda ya ba da kansu ga masu baac din. A wannan shekarar, da "fatarar kudi" wasa, da milking ra'ayoyi game da shirye-shiryen gaskiya na babban birnin kasar, wanda ya inganta wakilan halaye na bourgeoisie.
Galibintatic Galijan Kamala ya zama alama ga daraktoci na Tatar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wancan lokacin. Tare da mutane masu ma'ana da tunani, marubucin ya yi ya ci gaba da ci gaban matakin matakin a matsayin kayan aiki don tarawa jama'a da rigakafin littattafan gargajiya na duniya.
Filin wasan ya gwada a matsayin mai fassara, kuma a kan mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya fara kunna wasanni a wasan kwaikwayo na Maxim Gogoly, Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai Gogol a Tatar. Ma'aikatan gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya kuma rubuta maganganu masu mahimmanci da labarai, sun raba tunanin sa game da gaskiyar.
Juyin juya halin Oktoba da yakin basasa ta yi horon marubucin. Ya rusa cikin halittar ayyuka tare da Ruhun Soviet, ya rubuta waƙa kuma ya kirkiro taken. Goyon tallafawa matsayin farar hula na aiki, Kamal ya zama mai zane a cikin sahihan takarar Tearar Trope. A karkashin Aulia da kamfanin, marubucin ya rubuta a wani satari na satirical, wanda ma'aikata da kuma barana suke da babbar sha'awa.
A shekarar 1921, Galiiyenkar ta gabatar da jama'a tare da wasan "cute Hafisa," in faɗi game da kyawawan bangarori na Juyin Juyin Haɗuwar Zamani. A cikin 1926, marubucin ya karbi taken littafin jama'a.
Yana da sha'awar cewa, ban da ayyukan masu kallo da kuma rubuce-rubuce, Goriiyialkar Kamal shine son zane da Kissafigraphy. Ya juya ya zama marubucin hotuna da yawa akan batutuwa na siyasa. Hadauki tare da Buga Tallan Tallan Wasanni, wani mutum ya ba da hankali sosai ga zamani na kiran Kakarta. Ya kuma halarci aikin zane-zane da lokacin wasan kwaikwayo, nazarin wasan kwaikwayon na wasan.
Rayuwar sirri
Galiayoyin Kamal an tabbata a cikin ƙwararru da rayuwar mutum. Marubucin da kuma adadi na jama'a shi ne sanannen Sonan a cikin Kezan Mafrikin Sadiq Haybullina. 'Y' yar ƙungiyar ta zama matarsa, kuma sabon dangi zai iya girmama ilimi da ilimi musamman a Kamal.
Kasuwanci ya samu shirinsa ga Galiiyata. Sanin Sharia na iya zuwa cikin hannu, idan ya yarda ya zama Imam a cikin Masallaci, wanda Haybullin ya gina. Kamala Irin wannan ra'ayoyi bai damu ba. An sami sassaucin ra'ayi na godiya ga yarjejeniyar: Dokar surjin ya fara sayar da samfuran da aka buga.
Bikin aure ya faru ne a cikin 1900, kuma mahaifinsa ya gabatar da wani mutum a kan Narimanv titin don 'yarsa masoyi, wanda ya tsaya a cikin Kazan yau. Yara a cikin dangi sun bayyana shekaru da yawa daga baya. Galiaskar Kamal ya yi farin ciki da haihuwar Sonan a cikin 1908.
Galiiyaswal Kamal ya auri sau biyu, matarsa ta biyu ita ce yarinyar da aka nada asma. Wasan wasan yana da magada 6: 'ya'ya maza da ɗaya.
Mutuwa
Tatar wasan kwaikwayo ya mutu a 1933. Sanadin mutuwar marubucin bai zama dalilin tattaunawa ba. GaliASTA Kamal na daya ne daga cikin Tatar Artists ne suka Samu damar daukar sabon tsarin siyasa da ci gaba da kirkira da wahayi. Mutuwar PlayWright ta zama asara ga wallafe-wallafe na ƙasa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Yanzu ana iya ganin hotonsa a bangon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi a cikin Kazan, wanda aka sa wa suna bayan wasan. A cikin Tatarstan, akwai tituna da yawa da ake kira sunan adadi na jama'a, kuma gidan marubucin ya zama gidan kayan gargajiya. A cikin 1959, ya karɓi matsayin wani abin tunawa da tarihi da al'adu.
Littafi daya
- 1907 - "matasan m"
- 1908 - "Saboda Kyauta"
- 1911 - "Mai ƙaunar"
- 1911 - "Asiri na garinmu"
- 1912 - "Saduwa"
- 1921 - "Cute Hafsa"