Tari
Gabdulla Tukai ita ce mawaki na Tatar da tarihin, mai sukar rubutu da fassara. Wanda ya kirkiro da al'adar alumma, sai ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban yaren Tatar. Yawancin marubuta sun zama mabiyan marubucin.
GABDLO TUKDA an haife shi ne a ƙauyen Kushlavych a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1886. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yaron jaraba, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta mutu bayan shekaru 4, ya bar ɗa tare da marayu marayu. Stefift bai ɗauka nauyin Gabandulla ba kuma ya ba shi zuwa hannun kakanin, mulle zinnimlumi. Rayuwar yaron ba ta zama mai sauki ba. A wancan zamani, komai yana da wuya ga dukkan mutane, don haka karin mutum a cikin gidan yana nufin farashi mai amfani.
Kakannin ya sami ingantaccen bayani ta hanyar aika jikan zuwa Kazan a cikin gidan liyafar. Yaron ya yarda da ɗumi da alheri. Amma bayan shekaru 2, iyayen suna sun yi rashin lafiya kuma sun aika GABULLA EVOY. Ba wanda ke jiran gidansa. Kakana ya fara nemo tsari na yaro.
Na dindindin motsi, talauci, babu Hankali da kulawa da ya shafi duniyar duniyar gidan Tuquet, wanda ya ragu da raɗaɗi. Ta yanke shawarar ba shi marar lafiya Sagdi, wanda ya zauna a ƙauyen Kany. Ya kuma talauci, amma karin hannun a ƙauyen shine a kasance a matsayin wurin. Tun daga aiki tuƙuru a nan ba zai tsere wa kowa ba, kuma a cikin yara akwai da yawa don aiki.
A shekarar 1895 GABDLA TUKai ta jingina ga inna a uralsk. Ya sami mafaka a gidan Merchanova. Matashin ya fara koya ta hanyar ziyarar makarantar musulmai. Ya fara koyan Rashanci da kuma nuna damar cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Da kewaye ya ba da hankali ga gwaninta.
A cikin shekaru 19, Tukaai yayi fassarun na farko a Rashanci. Ayyukan da ya yi aiki shine Basni Ivan Krylov. Shawarar shayaki don haka ya fara fassara ayyukan marubutan Rasha zuwa yaren Tatar, gabatar da jama'a tare da baiwa masu ban dariya da marubutan.
A cikin 1904, an buga aikin GABDullah a cikin mujallar "Sabuwar karni". Da farko, Tukai yana tunanin al'adun Larabci a cikin waƙoƙi, amma wallafin Rasha sun kawo sabbin fasali a cikin yanayin sa. Rubuce-rubucen Alexander Chugonintin da Mikhilail Lermontov sun nuna babban ra'ayi game da mai fassara kuma an yi wahayi zuwa ga kerawa masu ban dariya. Duk da mawuyacin yaro, GabdLla Tukai dauki kansa farin ciki kuma a cikin ayyukansa ya sanya dalilai mafi inganci da na sha'awa.
Ayyukan wauta da ayyukan zamantakewa
Juyin juya halin da lokacin amsawa, wanda ya fara a cikin 1905, ƙara sabon bayanin kula a cikin ayyukan mawaƙin. Ya zama muryar dimokiradiyya, ta yi hamayya da iko da tsarin jari hujja. Zawarar da mutanen kasar Tatar, marubucin da aka bayyana a cikin ayyuka, wanda aka buga a cikin lokaci-lokaci. Ya rubuta waƙoƙi game da juyin juya halin Musulunci da takaddun takaddun a cikin Tatar.
Aiki da kalmar tabbatarwa da kuma saitin rubutu, sannu a hankali tukai ta zama ma'aikaci na masu shelar. Ya yanke shawarar motsawa daga kalmomi zuwa ga shari'ar, inganta juyin juya halin, da kuma halartar zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar. A shekara ta 1907, Gabdulla ta bar makarantar musulma ta bar Makaranta kuma ta zama abin da ya cika rikodin juyin juya halin Musulunci. Ayyukansa a wannan lokacin suna cikin adadin kira don farkawa na ruhun yaƙi. Marubucin ya ba 'yan ƙasa damar yin gasa don girmama ƙasarsa da kuma alkawuran dimokiradiyya a cikin irin wannan rubuce-rubucen, amma "ba za mu bar ba!".
Gabdulle ya juya ya zama da wuya a fahimci dalilan da suka sa aka ci Juyin Jabawa. Ya rikice, tashin hankali ya rikice, wanda ya kama mawakiyar mawaƙa, yana bayyane a cikin aikinsa. Tukai ya koma zuwa Kazan, ganin makwancinsa a cikin karfafa littattafai a garinsu.
Marubucin ya ba da masaniya tare da matasa ci gaba kuma fara gwada kansa cikin satire. Domin shekarar zama a cikin Kazan, ya rubuta rubutun da yawa, ayyukan somerics, kyakkyawan lamurori, kyakkyawan lamuran da suka shafi yin adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda girmamawa ga adalci, banda martani da mutunci. An buga marubucin a cikin mujallu "Zarnitsa" da "walkiya". Kasancewar marubuci, Tukua ta sake zagayowar ayyuka, daga cikin waxanda shi ne "ambaton hasken kan Husainta" "wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga babban amininsa.
Marubucin bai yi shakka a bayyana tunani da ji a takarda ba, raba su da mai karatu. Ayyukan "GNED" da "dawo zuwa Kazan" da alaƙa da wannan lokacin kerawa, a sarari cewa marubucin ba ya cikin duniya na rashin tsaro. Ya kasance cikin bukatar a cikin sana'a kuma a tsakanin masu hankali game da hankali. An kirkiro ayyukan a cikin 1911-1912 a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tunani na rashin daidaituwa game da ƙasarsu da ta ƙasa da ta ƙasa.
Tukai ya yi tafiya tare da Volga. Ya ziyarci Astrakhan, inda ya sadu da masu fafutukar gida. A lokacin bazara na 1912, mawaƙin ya tafi ta UFA zuwa St. Petersburg, inda aka sami ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali da kuma ci gaba da hankali a lokacin. An hada da ra'ayin da tafiya Nariiman labari Manimonov, juyin juya hali Vakhitov da marubucin Magitur Gafuri.
Matsalolin lafiya, tuni a wannan lokacin, sanar da su aanan kansu, bai hana mawaka ba. Daga Stitetersburg, ya yi tawakkali zuwa gungume, kuma daga nan ya kiyaye hanyar zuwa Kazakh steppe, muna fatan don mu'ujiza mu'ujiza tare da Karusma. Komawa ga Kazan, Gabdulla Tukui ya fahimci cewa farkon sadaukarwar ba shi da ritaya. Babban kaya da mummunan yanayi na rayuwa tsanantawa. Amma halayen masu fafutuka bai shuɗe daga shafukan da ke aikatawa ba.
Rayuwar sirri
A cewar Memo na zamani, GABDLO Tukua Tukai na jiran 'yan mata, kunya ta hanyar bayyanarsa. Lucky da ƙasa, tare da ciki a ido, wanda aka tilasta sanya gilashin duhu, bai yi imani da cewa zai iya son wani. Mawok ɗin bai ji wani mod ba, saboda ba su yarda da kuɗi ba, kuma babu sha'awar wannan. Kuɗin a cikin aljihun sa da lokaci-lokaci ya bayyana lokaci-lokaci, saboda labaran kawo kuɗi, amma Tukai bai mutu ba, amma Tukui bai mutu ba, amma ya rarraba cikin bashin ba tare da dawowa ba, ya tsare maraice mara kyau.
'Yan matan da cewa da kuma shari'ar da aka ba alamun alamun GABLALA, Jiran ofishin Editan, kuma waƙar da wa'azi. Zutan Mavlyudova, 'yar kasuwa, ma tayi mafarkin sanin tare da snap. Ta nemi taimako ga dangi. Fatih Amirkhan ya gabatar da wata budurwa ga mawaka lokacin da ya taka tare da abokan aiki a cikin taswirar a cikin mai shela. Taron farko ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci: tukai bai nuna sha'awa ba, an sake gano Gotten. Jimlar matasa sun ga sau 5.
Taron na biyu ya faru ta hanyar dama: Tuki ya lura da yarinyar daga tarkon tarkace kuma ta maraba da shi. A karo na uku, ra'ayin da aka gabatar ya nuna zaitan. Sadarwa su sake kasancewa kadan. Tukai ya dube, yana kullum zai tafi, da kuma ƙaunar da makwabcin ya kiyaye shi a karkashin kowane irin bukata. Hutun na huɗu ya ba da damar da ya ji kyauta.
Sun kashe lokaci bayan maraice, yana tafiya da titi. A karo na biyar, matasa sun hadu a ofishin edita. Zotan ya tafi daga Kaazan zuwa CHisopol kuma ya tafi ya ce ban kwana. GABDulla ya yi alkawarin zuwa zuwa ga zanen da za a ce ban kwana kuma bai zo ba.
Shekaru 5 bayan haka, a lokacin da Tokay ke kan hukuncinta, Zutay ya zo ziyarar a asibiti zuwa asibiti. Ta jira don izinin shiga cikin Ward, amma Gabdulla ta haramta shi. Daga baya, yarinyar ta auri bawa mai banmamaki, ɗanta da banmyama sun zama mayawata. Kafin mutuwa, matar ta nemi ya binne ta kusa da kusanci ga kabarin Taka. A kan dutsen kabari, an sassaka layin daga waƙa sadaukar da ƙaunataccen.
Rayuwar sirri GABDLlah Taka bai yi aiki ba. Ba shi da mata da yara. Har zuwa mutuwar mutuwarsa a cikin zuciyarsa, yana ji suna girma zuwa Zaitun.
Mutuwa
Tarihin tarihin mawaƙin takaice ne. Ya mutu yana da shekara 26 a watan Afrilun 1913. Sanadin mutuwa ya zama sadaka, da rushi da yunwar. Yi aiki a cikin gidan buga ƙura a cikin 1912 ya tsananta cutar. Mutuwar Gibdulla Tuquet ya zama asara ga adabi da fasaha.
Yanzu ban sha'awa a cikin aikin mawaƙi, ɗan ma'aikacin gwamnati da mai fassara yana tallafawa a matakin jihohi. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Gabdulle Taka, an buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin Kazan. A cikin murabba'in kan titin turawa, wanda aka ambaci bayan girmanta, akwai wani karin magana ga marubucin, kuma hotunan sa sun yi wa litattafan litattafai kan adabi. Gidan yanar gizon hukuma wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mutuminsa, wanda ya bayyana tarihin rayuwar Turka kuma misalai na ayyuka.
Littafi daya
- 1905 - "akan 'yanci"
- 1906 - "Parasites"
- 1906 - "jihar Duma"
- 1907 - "Abin da shakdras ya gaya"
- 1907 - "Ba zai tafi ba!"
- 1907 - "Shuraile"
- 1908 - "Masu kishin kasa"
- 1908 - "Sennaya Bazaar ko Sabon Kisekbash"
- 1911 - "GNET"
- 1911 - "Dacha"
- 1912 - "Matasan Tatar"
- 1913 - "begen mutane ..."