Tari
Charles Bukowski marubucin Jamusanci marubucin Jamus ne, mawaki, marubucin gajeren labari da kuma rayuwar ɗan gajeren labarai, wanda ayyukansu da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arzikin Amurka A cikin shekarun 1980 na karni na 20. An buga Sarkin baya a cikin littattafan da aka buga kuma sun fito da littattafai sama da 60 da suka haifar da amsar da marubucin da masu karatu yayin mutuwarsa.Yaro da matasa
An haife shi a Jamusanci a Jamus a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1920, an kira shi iyayen da iyayen Katharina Fett da Heinrich Bukovsky sun koma zuwa Amurka ba da jimawa ba bayan bayyanar dan. Da farko, dangi sun zauna a Baltimore, sannan kuma suka koma Los Angeles, zuwa cikin kasashen kakannin a cikin layin Uba a layin mahaifin. Matasa Charles suna magana da Ingilishi tare da lafazin Jamusanci, haifar da muguwar ba'a daga yaran maƙwabta.
A gida, yaron kuma bai sami ta'aziya da tallafi ba, kamar yadda Uba ya yi ba'a da yaron da halin kirki kuma a zahiri, dattara don ƙaramar la'ana. Uwar da ta ji tsoron kawo fushin mijinta, sutthently kallon wahalar hisansa.
Daga baya, ya fada game da nasa fim din "Bakovsky: Haihuwar da ba ta da illa ga irin wannan magani ya taimaka masa zuwa farkon tarihin ilimin halittu. Bugu da kari, bacin rai, maye gurbinsa da fushi, ya ba marubucin marubucin da kayan aikin na gaba.
Godewa da yaron ya samu a karatu, wanda ya zama barin rayuwa. Matashin ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Los Angeles, kuma ta shafe lokacinsa na kyauta ya ba da ɗakin karatun na gida. Da ya girma, ya shiga kwalejin birnin, inda ya ziyarci darussan a adabin, aikin jarida da fasaha.
A farkon yakin duniya na II, Charles ya jefar da karatunta na karatu kuma ya koma New York, sannan a Philadelphia, inda, Bukovsky ya kama kungiyar FBI. An tuhumi marubucin nan gaba na mayar da hankali daga hidimar soja kuma an kafa ta kwanaki 17 a kurkuku. Bayan haka, Charles ya yanke shawarar zuwa ga sojoji, amma ya kasa yin gwajin a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam kuma an amince da shi a matsayin rashin aiki.
Mafarkan da ke tattare da aikin rubutu sun samo asali ne a kan shugaban Bukovsky har yanzu a cikin matasa, amma matakai na farko a cikin wallafe-wallafen sun kawo marubucin shekaru 24. Tabar takaici. Bayan gazawar tarin bayanai da dama, Charles ya rasa imani a cikin gwaninta kuma ya tafi daga kerawa na tsawon shekaru goma, wanda aka tsunduma cikin aiki. A wannan lokacin, Bukowski koyaushe ya sha da gajiya da jikin tare da babu cikakken abinci mai gina jiki.
A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1955, wani saurayi ya zo asibiti ne mai rauni na ciwon ciki. Daga asibiti, Charles ba su bar wata al'ada ba ce, amma kuma ta sake ɗaukar alkalami. Ya buga wa waƙoƙi da dama a cikin wani dan wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, sannan ya buga daya daga cikin shahararrun labarai Bukovsky "Manifesto: kira ga masu satarmu".
Littattafai
A farkon shekarun 1960, Bukovsky ya rayu a Los Angeles kuma ya yi aiki a cikin mail. A wannan lokacin, ayyukansa suna sha'awar "sokar Press Press", sun buga labarai da yawa. Sannan waqoshin Charles ya bayyana a cikin mujallar na littafin mujallar "da mai fita". Tun daga 1967, Bukovsky ya jagoranci nasa ginshiƙi a cikin jaridar City, bayanan da suka zama tushen sahun minalees ".
A shekarar 1969, ya yarda da shawara kan hadin gwiwa daga baki sparrow latsa karin gidan sannan ya yi murabus daga aiki don kerawa gaba daya zuwa kerawa gaba daya. A cikin kasa da wata daya, ya wallafa littafinsa na farko "Mail". Littafin ya zama sananne a cikin Turai kuma ya kawo marubucin tare da shahararrun duniya, ana fassara shi zuwa cikin dubun harsuna.
Editocin manyan kamfanoni suna jefa shawarwarin Bukovsky, amma marubucin ya kasance da aminci ga ƙananan gidaje. Ya buga tarin wani abu uku da littattafan 2 na ayyukan karamin nau'in. "Hannun mahaukaci na yau da kullun" da "babbar mace a cikin birni" wacce take dauke da labaran Charles kuma ta shirya mai karatu da ake kira "Sporotum".
Marubucin a ƙarshe marubucin ya buga wannan salon asalin kamfanoni, wanda ya bambanta da kwatancin kwatancin bayanan rayuwar haruffa da yawa na spurant, wani lokacin m kalmomin da maganganu. Wannan hanya tana daidai da fasalin halayyar da litattafan, da kuma waƙoƙi kuma ya zama sananniyar masu karatu waɗanda ke ɗokin don "cikakkun bayanai."
A saboda wannan dalili, masu sauraro sun cika tarin waƙoƙi "Ni da kuma wani lokacin kauna na kauna" da kuma sabon na "mata" sun bi shi. Godiya ga waɗannan ayyukan, Bukovsky ya fara siyarwa da kyau kuma sun karɓi abin da zai iya rubutawa.
A ƙarshen 1970s - farkon 1980s, Charles ya saki 5 na littattafan shayari a lokaci daya kuma a cikin lokutan da "mummunan" marubutan ne kawai marubuci marubuci "Gurasa tare da naman alade". A cikin wannan littafin, Bukovsky ya juya zuwa Yarencin Sanarwar Henry Chinasky kuma ya bayyana azabtar da rayuwar marubucin, wanda ya faru a farkon rayuwar marubucin.
Charles ya koma zuwa taken Charles da Deban DeainaUchy Charles a cikin littafin "Music of m ruwa da taurin kai, sannan kuma ya ƙunshi fewan tarin waƙoƙi.
A cikin 1989, Bakuovsky ya bayyana tsarin haihuwar fim din "bugu" a cikin kwalhun Hollywood, inda shahararrun masu sikila, masu jagoranci da kuma bayanan allo suka zama jigogi na manyan haruffa. Mawallafin dalla-dalla kuma an goge hoton hoton cinematage, yana hana asirin asirin rayuwa da halayen taurari.
Aikin ƙarshe na marubucin shi ne labari "Maculatory", da aka buga a 1994, bayan mutuwar Bukuski. Wannan littafin binciken ya bambanta da duk ayyukan da suka gabata ta hanyar Charles, rashin tunani game da tarihinsa, amma ya riƙe orony da buɗewa, kazalika da hotuna masu haske da masu haske.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin matasa, Bukovsky ya jagoranci jan hankali da rashin damuwa rayuwa. Drawkerar da ba a iya sarrafawa ba ta jagoranci marubucin da ba a sani ba game da na gaba tare da mai suna Jane Kuni Baker. Matan sun yi rayuwa tare na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma an ba da labarin tattaunawar mata ta farko a shafukan aikinsa.
A cikin 1955, Jane ya bace daga sararin sama, da kuma Charles bisa hukuma da ke hade da Livesess Barbara soya, amma soyayyarsu ta gajarta. Bayan kashe Barbara ya tafi Indiya, inda ya mutu da yanayi mai girma. Budurwar ta gaba ta na Charles ta zama Francis Smith, wanda bai zama matar marubulan ba, amma ta haifi 'yarsa Mariya Louise.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Bukovski ya canza mata azaman safofin hannu. Shekaru da yawa sai ya sadu da Sarki Poleess, rayuwar da aka rarrabe wanda aka rarrabe shi ta hanyar yin faɗa ta dindindin, kai ga yaƙin. A cikin layi daya da wannan labari, Charles ya yi magana da sauran mata da yawa fiye da ya jefa budurwa, wanda daga baya ya koma wani birni, daga macijin da maƙaryaci.
Daga Linda Sarki Bukukov wanda ya fara sabon labari "mata", wanda ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar kansa. Sauran jarumawa na Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata William na Ma'aikata na Ma'aikata, mummunar ta auri ambaton Psyche, wanda yayi mafarkin da aka sanya wajan sharri, "Mafarkin Miller da itacen kai, wanda ya zauna kofa mai zuwa , da Poetess Joanna Bull, wanda ya raba marubucin almara mai lalacewa.
Don dalilai marasa fahimta a cikin labari, babu wani wuri don Linda Lee ya gudu, mai gidan gidan cin abinci na abinci mai dacewa, wanda ya zama na ƙarshe, matar Bukowski. Charles ya san ta a 1976 yayin karatun jama'a kuma kusan shekaru 10 ya goyi bayan dangantakar da aka kwarara tare da matar aure gaba.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1988, Bukovsky ya gano cutar sankara, wanda shine sanadin mutuwar marubucin a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1994. Tunda Charles ya kasance mai ikon mallaka ba, abin da Buddha ya kama jana'izar Buddha. 'Yan kwanaki na ƙarshe da maigidan gaskiya ne aka gudanar a gado a cikin gidansa kusa da San Diego, kewaye da damuwa matar matar Linda Li.
An gudanar da bikin cigial a filin tunawa da tuddai a Palos Verdez Rancho, California. A kan dutse, Bukovsky, silhouette na dambe na dambe ne kuma taken waƙar waka "kada ku gwada" an rubuta.
Faɗa
"Lokacin da kuka yi nasara wani adadin littattafan da ke da kyau, sai ya juya cewa ba a rage. Dole ne ku rubuta shi da kanku ""Ba na dogara da cewa kowa zai zama baiwa ba, amma ba zai hukunta cewa mutane za su jefa ba tare da irin wannan applub"
"Idan kun sami nasarar yaudarar mutum, baya nufin shi wawa ne - yana nufin amincewa da kai fiye da yadda kuka cancanci hakan"
"Mutane na iya ƙauna kawai idan ba su san su sosai"
Littafi daya
- 1969 - "Notes na tsohon akuya"
- 1971 - "ofishin gidan waya"
- 1973 - "Kudu ba tare da alamun arewa"
- 1975 - "Fuinotum"
- 1978 - "mata"
- 1982 - "gurasa tare da naman alade"
- 1983 - "Labarun na mahaukaci na talakawa"
- 1983 - "Mafi kyawun mace a cikin birni"
- 1989 - "Hollywood"
- 1994 - "macatura"