Tari
Claude Debusy na daya daga cikin mafi yawan magunguna na Faransa na ƙarshen 19th - ƙarni na 20 na farko. Member of "Art Rogoel", wanda bai gane hadisai na gargajiya ba, ya zama marubucin yawan ayyuka na yau da kullun kuma babban wakilin ya gane shi da kuma babban wakilin reshe na Turai.Yaro da matasa
Ashil Claude Debulsy da aka haife shi ne a bakin kasashen Arewa maso yamma na Paris a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1862 kuma shi ne mashahuri 5 Yara Manuiz Manuri. Har zuwa 1870, dangin mai tsinkayen gaba sun rayu a babban birnin Faransa, sannan ya koma Cannes, zuwa gidan dangi a layin na. A nan, kadan Claude ya fara horar da wasan a kan Piano a karkashin kulawar abokin wasan kwaikwayon na Italiya Jean Cherutti.
Debusy ya juya ya zama ɗalibin ƙwararru kuma a wani matashi ya shiga Paris Conservates, inda shekaru 11 ya yi nazarin dabarar Keyboard, Solkongio, abun da ke da kiɗa. A cikin shekarar 1874, Claude sun karɓi kuɗi don aiwatar da ƙungiyar sarauniya da kuma samun suna a matsayin kyakkyawan pianist.
A lokacin hutun bazara, 1879 Rebusy ya ba da baƙi na gidan schononso da sauri kuma da sauri ya kamu da alatu. Bayan shekara guda, cikin neman kyakkyawan rayuwa, saurayin ya sami mawaƙa da malami zuwa ofishin Pater Ilyich Tchaikovsky, yana fatan shekara 2 da aka yi tafiya a Faransa, Switzerland, Italiya da Rasha. By 1882, Claude ya hada karamin dan karamin "Ballade na La La Lune", "Madrid, gimbiya Des espagnes" da kuma Piano "mai gishiri".
Consessi Conservatory ya sha fusata da fushin malamai, mai sha'awar gonakin gargajiya na abun da ke ciki. Koyaya, a cikin 1884, ya karɓi babbar kyautar "Roman" na Rome "don Cantatant Prdigue" kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Italiya. Waƙar cikin gida ba su yi wahayi a cikin ba, wanda ya gwammace ya rufe dabarun kirkirar halittu, ba tare da faɗuwa a ƙarƙashin tasirin shahararrun abokan aiki ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ayyukan zamanin Italiya na Rebusy, a cewar kwangilar ilimi, da aka gabatar a cikin Conservating, jiragen ruwa da aka samo bizarre, jiragen ruwa da ba su iya fahimta ba. Komawa ga Paris, Claude A takaice ya rasa "'yanci na kiɗa", buga wani ɗan' yanci na melodies, amma da zaran ya fahimci cewa al'adun sanannen Jamusanci ba makawa.
Kiɗa
An kashe ayyukan Debudy sau da yawa a cikin jama'a, amma ba su kawo masa nasara da shahara ba. Duk da wannan, abokan aikin da aka ɗora sun fahimci ƙwarewar wani ɗan marubucin sauro kuma a cikin 1893 ya ɗauke shi a Kwamitin ƙungiyar kide kide, inda Claude ya gabatar kawai cewa "sir Qaddamarwa", wanda daga baya yake da kiɗan Maurice.
A wannan shekarar, abin da ya faru ya faru wanda yake da ƙimar ƙimar da ke haifar da asalin halittar Debusy. Mawaki sun ziyarci farkon wasan a wasan Maurice Mitir "Pelleas da Melizanda" ya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a sake saitin wannan saitin a cikin zurfin wasan kwaikwayon. Ba da daɗewa ba debussi ya karbi yardar marubucin Belgium zuwa karbuwar kiɗa na aikin da, ba tare da rasa lokaci ba, ya fara aiki.
Manyan shafukan yanar gizo na gaba wanda aka kammala a watan Disamba 1894. A lokaci guda, wakar Soyayya ta Syloude deBussy "ta gabatar da nishaɗin wasan Favna" a cikin kamfanin kiɗan na kasa ", wanda ya karbi sanannen jama'a.
A cikin 1900, Claude ya fara ziyartar taron 'Lespassives ", wanda ya hada da matasa masu fasaha, mawallafin matasa da matsayin" asusun zane-zane ". Da yawa daga cikin wannan ƙungiyar sun halarci farkonsu "Nkturinov" Deburnov "Debulsy da ake kira" girgije "da" sireen ". Yin bita kan wannan aikin sun kasance mai banbanci: wasu masu sukar sun yi imani da cewa mawaki sun yi babban mataki, fara'a, hangen nesa na marubucin.
Tun shekarar 1898, Claude sun yi aiki a kan ƙayyadaddiyar wasan kwaikwayon Opera da jagorar tattaunawar wasan kwaikwayo na Paris a fuskar saƙon Paris a fuskar saƙo da Albert Carre. A sakamakon haka, a watan Afrilun 1902, "Opé-roquetique ya rike da firstere" Pelleas da Melisandda ", wanda ya raba jama'a kan magoya baya da kuma shakku.
Kodayake ra'ayi kan sabon aikin deBiSy ya kasance mai alama, da sauri da sauri ya shahara kuma ya zama marubucin da na caveier ofan izinin yin girman kai, da aka sani a Faransa da sauran kasashen Turai. An buga muradin bugun jini a watan Mayu 1902, kuma cikakkiyar littafin bayanin kula an buga a 1904.
A cikin 1905, a cikin Paris, Debusi ya gabatar da kulawar da ke canzawa "Tekun", wanda ya sake nuna jayayya, dumama sha'awa a cikin kerawa na mawuyacin. A karshen shekarun 1900, abun da ke tattare da yabo ya bayyana sau da yawa a shirye-shiryen kide kide a cikin ƙasarsu da kasashen waje. Suite "kusurwar yara" da guntun ta "dusar ƙanƙara mai ban sha'awa" da "kadan da aka yi amfani da shi musamman mashahuri.
Fitarwa ga jama'a tura Debusy don aiki. A cikin 1910-1913, mai motsa jiki ya kirkiro mafi shahararrun wasan don Piano, matsayi na musamman a cikin wanda aka ɗauka a cikin "yarinyar da aka ɗauke ta" na kwanakin a cikin hasken Lunar. "
A shekara ta 1914, Claude ya fara aiki a wani salama na 6 Sonatas don kayan aiki daban-daban, amma an hana cutar da matattu ta hanyar kammala shi sosai. Debussi na karshe Debussi shi ne aikin VIolin da Piano, wanda aka rubuta a 1917.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin shekarun binciken a cikin Debusi Conservatory, an gwada wani mai karfi romantic mai karfi. Soyayyarsa dalibi ne na aji na mawaƙa mai suna Marie, wanda ya auri Mata tsarkakakkiyar Santawaran mawaƙa Henri Vasnya. Ba da da ewa yarinyar ta zama uwargidansa da kuma kayan masarufi, wadannan alamu sun ci gaba tsawon shekaru 7.
A cikin 1890, Marie ta lalata dangantaka da debusy kuma ya koma ga matansa. Daga kaunar mawaki, 27 aka bar waƙoƙi 27 waƙoƙi zuwa kyakkyawan mai aikatawa, ƙarshen wanda shine abun da ke cikin Mandolin.
Jim kaɗan bayan rabuwa da Madame Vänaja ya gika da 'yar mai tuƙi daga Liziee, wanda ake kira Jibrton Duponton. Shekaru 3 bayan farko na Claude da na Gabi dangane da dangantakar, a rayuwa hadin gwiwa a Paris ya fara. A lokaci guda, Debussi ya fara da labari ne mai ban tsoro Teresa Roger da kuma a shekarar 1894 bisa hukuma ta ba ta hannunta da zuciya. Abokai da kuma abubuwan da ba a la'anta na mawuyacin hali kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga dakatar da wannan aikin.
Shekaru 5 daga baya, CLude, a ƙarshe, aurenta aboki Marie-rosalie. Textie akan lakabi da ake kira. Abin ban sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa yardar da makaman amarya ya kasance karkashin barazanar kisan kai. Matashin matashin ya kasance mai ƙauna, mai amfani da madaidaiciya, tana son mutane kewaye da Debusy.
Koyaya, Lilly ba ta haskaka tare da tunani kuma cikakke bai fahimci kiɗan ba, don haka ƙididdigar da wani labari ga mawaƙa ta Mawaƙa. Theancin matar da aka koya game da cin amanar ƙasa kuma ya yi kokarin kashe kansa. Wannan aikin ya haifar da abin da ya yi na jama'a wanda ya hana Debusi don tallafawa da girmama abokan aiki da abokai.
A cikin 1905, m lover ya bar mijinta, kuma ma'auratan sun fadi daga ra'ayin jama'a a London. Lokacin da aka ba da tattaunawar, masoya suka dawo kan Faransa kuma suka sayi 'yar Emma da sunan mai mawuyacin hali, wanda ya karbi sunan Emma da sunan mai mawuyacin hali shiro. Shekaru 3 bayan zuwan yaron, Bardak da DebuSy sun yi aure kuma sun kashe tare da sauran rayuwa.
Har yanzu dai ba a san shi ba idan Debusy yake ƙaunaci mutum da gaske. Damu da kiɗa, bai yi tunani game da rayuwar kansa ba. Ana iya ɗauka cewa mawaki suna fuskantar wani ji dumi ji ga 'yarsa, wanda ya zama abin da yawa da aka samu a cikin shahararrun Faransanci.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1908, cutar debussi ta kamu da cutar kansa - cancantar cutar kansa, wanda ke haifar da dalilin mutuwar mawuyacin, wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a yaƙin da mummunan ciwo. A cikin 1915, likitocin suna gudana akan claude, amma sakamakon shine kawai cigaba na ɗan lokaci.
Lokacin da cutar ta ja da baya, sanannen Faransawa ya ci gaba da shirya kiɗan kuma a ƙarshe lokacin da aka gan shi a cikin al'umma a Sonatata don VIolin da Piano.
A farkon 1918 ya ɗaure Claude don barci kuma ya yi godiya kawai ga damuwar matar Emma da 'yar Gudush. Jiyya ba ta sake taimakawa ba, kuma a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1918, DeBussy ya mutu a Paris, a gidansa a kan Avenue Fosh.
Abubuwan da suka faru na yakin na farko na duniya ya hana yin jana'izar. Jikin mai munanan da aka ɗauka akan tituna mara komai kuma an binne shi na ɗan lokaci a cikin hurumi na kowane Lashiz. Wannan wurin kuma ya musanta na ƙarshe ga mamakin, wanda yake so ya "shakata a tsakanin bishiyoyi da tsuntsaye na Debunƙanci a cikin bankin da ya dace na seine, kusa da gandun daji na boulogne.
Moreical ayyuka
- 1882 - Suite "suite"
- 1882 - nocturne da Scherzo don VIolin da Piano
- 1887 - Suite "bazara"
- 1891 - preloude "na rana hutawa na favna"
- 1893-1895 - Opera Pelleas da Melizanda
- 1994 - "Images"
- 1906-1908 - Suite "kusurwar yara"
- 1910 - preludes (littafin rubutu 1)
- 1911-1913 - preludes (littafin rubutu 2)
- 1914 - "gwarzo na gwarzo"
- 1916-1917 - Sonata don VIolin da Piano