Tari
Alexander Menshikov - kimanin da fi so na Emperor Peter na, wanda ya bayyana kansa a cikin ayyukan jihohi da kuma kwamandan jaraba. Ya shiga cikin wasikar siyasa kuma an san shi a matsayin baitulmalin jihar. Asali na Alexander Danianvich Menshikov shine mataimakiyar misali ta yadda mutum daga Prhohubin ya zama mai daraja ta daraja, amma rayuwa ta gama cikin talauci. Bayan ya zartar da hanyar daga ɗan kasuwa zuwa rijkin hannun dama na sarki, ya sadu da mutuwa yayin danganta zuwa Siberiya.Yaro da matasa
Alexander Menshikov's tarihin rayuwar ra'ayi, karo da gurbi, amma kadan sananne ne game da asalinsa. Yaron da aka haife shi ne a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1673 a Moscow. Game da yadda ƙuruciyarsa ke, ana iya tsammani, dangane da zato masu binciken. Wadanda mahaifin Alexander ya yi aiki a matsayin barga, wasu suna bin ra'ayin da ya sami mai rai, kasancewa mai kokarriya.
Sau ɗaya kusa da yadi, Mennshikov da aka yi hayar mutane suna bayyana bishiyar tushen asalin. Daga hujjoji a cikin akwai cewa magabatan Yarima sun kasance manyan mutane. Amma, tabbas, wannan gaskiyar ta haifar don faranta wa mai daraja.
A cewar almara, saurayin Menshsov ya sayar da titunan Moscow, amma Alexander Sergeevich meterky "cewa labarin ya zo da makiyaya a matsayin izgili. Asalin Menshikov ya nuna cewa saurayin ya kasance mai sasantawa. Pisari da sannu da suka sanya takardu.
Ko ta yaya, saurayi Alexander Menshikov ya faɗo cikin sabis na ganye na mutum. Janar ya karbe shi a karkashin tsare. Wani saurayi mai shekaru 14 ya lura da sarki ya karɓi ashirin da ashirin. Aiki ya inganta shi da sauri. Ya haifar da amincewa da matsayin gwamnati, kuma mafi mahimmanci - Peter I. ya zama da kuma abokin tarayya na sarki, Mennhikov ya yi rajista cikin sojojin farin ciki. Tsananin 20, ya kasance mai sauƙin rikicewar preobrazensky, nan da nan kuma ya sami sahun Valetiner a Sarki.
Alexander Menshikov ya zama mafi kusa da amintaccen wakilie na Bitrus I. Ya aiwatar da umarnin mai jagoranci, fiye da haifar da wulakanci. An danƙa shi ga rakiyar yarinyar a cikin tafiya ta farko. Menmanshikov yana da ilimi daga ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa na Holland. Tare tare da Peter Alekseevich, ya fara sutura a cikin tsarin Turai, yana kawo salon yakin yaƙi da babban birnin kasar ya kuma taimaka wa kokarin gwamnati.
Aikin soja
Alexander Daniilvic Menshikov ya halarci yakin yaƙi a cikin kamfen ɗin Apov, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga kashe kansa na 1698, wanda ya karfafa amincewarsa. Lokacin da levene ya mutu a cikin 1699, Bitrus na tabbata cewa: Menshikov ya kasance mai aminci ga abokin tarayya.
A cikin 1700, Yaƙin Arewa ya fara, wanda Alexander Danilovichi ya nuna kansa jarumi jaruma. Ya kasance a kan layin gaba a matsayin kwamandan Cavalry kuma dillalai, ya jagoranci murhun birnin, gami da Niienshanz, wanda a cikin 1704 ya kasance mai sadaukar da kai ga Chin Manag.
Sarki ya yaba da yabo game da batun, wanda ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da sojojin Sweden a Lithuania a cikin 1705, ya karya Corps da aka sanya a cikin 1706. A lokacin da ya jagoranci rundunar, wanda ya hada sojoji dubu 15. Irin wannan karfafa gwiwa Pyotr Alewseevich ya aika ya taimaka wa sarkin Poland Agusta don sake cire Swedes. Menmanshikov ya kammala manufar kuma ya karɓi taken Yarima mai haske Roman Empire.
Yaƙi a cikin Poltava sake kawo yarima na Lavra. Ya nuna ƙarfin zuciya bayan cin amanar Hezepa, yana kaiwa ga harin da aka kai harin da hagu da hagu na m. Fahimtar kwamandan shine daukar nauyin schlippenbachachtment da kuma ross getan.
Tare da shi, yana yiwuwa a kayar da kayar da sojojin abokan gaba. Sojojin Charles XII tare da abin kunya ne aka kora. Amma Menmanshikov ya kakko su ya mika wuya. Kasancewa cikin manyan wuraren yaƙe-yaƙe, ya akai-akai tabbatar da amincin zuwa ga sarki da kuma fitarwar.
Nasarar a karkashin Poltavaya ta kawo shi lakabin filin Marshal da babban ƙasar Marshal da manyan ƙasar Marshal da manyan ƙasar an ba da abinci. 43 dubun shayar da aka kara da aka kara wa mallakar mallakar Alexander Danilovich. Shine kadai da yawan waƙoƙin, ƙari ne kawai a Peter I. Ayyukan Sojojin Menshikov ya ci gaba har 1713, kasancewa shugaban sojojin da ke Kurland, POSERANIA da Holt. A cikin 1714 ya koma zuwa Petersburg, yana da sahu, mallaka da babban matsayi a cikin jihar.
Ayyukan Jiha
Menmanshikov ya yi nasarar ci gaba ta hanyar jirgin na gudanarwa da godiya ga binciken soja da yanke shawara mai gudanarwa. A cikin 1702, da kwamandan noretburg ne, kuma tun daga 1703 ya sami wata wa'adin gwamnan St. Petersburg. Kula da gina sabon babban birnin kasar, shirya kayayyakin magunguna, masana'antu masu masana'antu, suna sanya Konshlot, Konstadt da mazaunin kansu.
Fadar Menmanhikov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen farko a cikin birni kuma aka rarrabe ta ta hanyar alatu. Kuma a OranienBAum yana da gidan ƙasa. A lokacin da yarima shima gwamnan Karelia, Estolland da Ingermann Mementland. Alexander Daniquich ba shi yiwuwa a kewaye shi cikin bikin wajibai. Daga 1713, Sarkin da tsakar gida suka koma St. Petersburg. Yanzu akwai sashen diflomasiya da majalisar dattijai.
Daga 1715, Jirgin Jirgin Konstadt ya kasance a kula da yarima. Ya gudanar da lamuran yanke shawara a cikin mamakin, har ma wasu lokuta sun halarci wurin kamfen din. Ofayansu shine hanyar yin tawaye da cape gangut a kan jirgin Friedrichstadt. Peter na gudanar da koyarwar, kuma wanda ya fi so ya zama abokin gaba. A cikin 1721, an sanya Mennshikov ya sanya taken Mataimakin Admiral.
Alexander Daniilvic Menshikov ba zunubi bane. A matsayin mutumin da ke da iko, ya ji mugu. Saboda haka, zama manaja, bai dauki indisputability don cin nasarar da baitar kudi ba. An kama Casnocrad, wanda aka ruwaito ga sarki. Akasin doka, Menshikov bai yi yaudarar hukuncin kisa ba kuma ba a aike shi da mai hankali ba. An fi son maganin kafaffun lauya, Peter Alekseevich ya fi so ya yi amfani da shi a nan gaba kuma ya yafe, cire shi daga jihar asarar.
Matsayin Mennshikov ya sauƙaƙe haɗari. Ofayansu ɗan Bitrus, Alexey, ya rufe Bitrus da Bulus. Yarima mai haske mai haske ya halarci azabtar da saurayin saurayin ya yi haddi saboda kisan nasa a 1718. Taimako yayi kusan irin wannan yanayin da karfi na nuna godiya. Haka kuma, Alexander Daniquovich sau da yawa ya taimakawa wajen magance harkokin dangi. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa don kawar da matan farko na sarki, Evdokia, da kuma gina dangantaka da Marta daga cikin Spavonian, wanda daga baya, a matsayin Catherine I.
Duk da aikin kula, Menshsov akai-akai sun mamaye dukiyar Mennshikov sau da yawa sa distountent na Sarki. A shekara ta 1722, ya sake fashewa da ayyukan haramtaccen lokacin gudanar da Crochlot da fashi. Peter na hana shi wasu Estates da yawa, Sputter Taba Sputter, Gwamnonin PSKov kuma sanya hukuncin. Kafin mutuwar sarki, da kuma ya sake yin hukunci, don haka aka hana shi post din gwamna ya mamaye shekara 22.
Menmanshikov ya kasance cikin rikice-rikice tare da Cather Catherine I. Taimakawa Sokseevich, amma ya ji tsoron yariman dokar, ya san cewa yana da mugunta. Duk da haka, ikonsa ba shi da iyaka. A cikin 1728, ya zama shugaban Muryar shugaban majalisa kuma yana da hakkin ya dauki dokoki ba tare da izinin Catherine I. sa matsayin 'yarsa ga Bitrus II ba. A wancan lokacin, yariman yana da matsayi na Admiral da Jon Jeruesimus.
Rayuwar sirri
Aure Alexander Menshikova ya yi farin ciki. Yarima ta auri Daryda Mikhallovna Arsenyeva, 'yar Yaknsky gwamna da bawa. Yarinya daga cikin matasa ta kasance a kotu ta kunshi dangantakar abokantaka ta Peter Alekseevich, Natalia. An haɗa Menmanhikov 'yan'uwa a cikin da'irar kusan kimanin. Ya saba da ma'aurata masu zuwa faruwa lokacin da Alexander ke da shekara 25, da Darius - ya ba da goyon baya ga wata abota da aka tallafa wa haruffa da aka tallafa wa wasu.
Daria Mikhailovna ta sami nasarar narke zuciyar shugaban da ya sa masa hankali, ya ba shi kyautai kuma ya nuna kulawa. Bikin aure na Menshhovalan bikin a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta, 1706. An lura da shi a Kiev a gaban Peter I.
A tsakiyar tashin hankali, da maza suka gani da wuya. A cikin 1709, Daria Menshikova ta haifi ɗan fari. Kasancewa a cikin rushewar, ta kasance ta damu matuka game da matashin da ya tafi wurinsa. Yaron da aka haife shi a kan hanya, a Belgorod, inda Mennshikov ya kasance a wancan lokacin. Alexander Daniquich na sirri yana cike da ƙauna da matar aure. Ta tare da mijinta a cikin hanyar Rundburg da kuma a Berezov, amma sun mutu a saman babbar girmamawa, kusa da Kazan.
Mutuwa
Goesshan Menshikov bayan mutuwarsa majiɓinsa, Bitrus Bitrus bai da iyakoki. Da ka shirya aikin 'yarsa da Bitrus Ii, yariman ya ji daɗin goyon bayan wasu kotunan. An hana tsare tsare-tsaren, na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya karye wani mutum daga rayuwar yadi. A wannan lokacin, ya sami damar jure shi a gaban Bitrus II, kuma ta lokacin Alexander Danilvich ya kasance cikin tsantaka. An kama shi, taken da lada an cire shi, kuma an kulle kayan.
Menmanshikov da dangi ake magana a kan kashin Runnburg, sannan kuma Siberiya, a garin Berzov kusa da Tobolsk. A nan Menshhovov, tare da masu aminci, gina gida da coci. A cikin 1729, Sieria ta rufe ta da cewa bataicin bawan bawan na sarki. Ya mutu yana da shekara 56, Nuwamba 23, 1729. Prince binne a cikin cocin, wanda shi da kansa ya daukaka.
Ba a kiyaye kabarin ba a ranar yau. Game da gudummawarsa ga tarihi ana iya samunsa daga tushen da yawa. Ana adana hotuna a cikin tarin kayan gargajiya, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ta an tura shi zuwa sabbin al'ummomi a aji na tarihi. 'Yan makaranta na yau suna da damar koya tarihin rayuwar mashahuran Manyan ManyaS Daga littattafai da kuma abubuwan tunawa da tunani na zamani. Akwai ma wasu cikakkun bayanai, alal misali, takaddun shaida na girma na Menshhov a cikin 17shin da 12 onhkov (196 cm).
Lambobin yabo
- 1703 - tsari na manzo Andrei da farko da aka kira
- 1705 - umarnin farin Eagle
- 1710 - oda na giwa
- 1713 - Umarnin Eagle
- 1725 - Odayi na St. Alexander Nevsky