Tari
A cikin masu siyar da kuri'un kuri'un kuri'un, suna bin daddashin sansanonin Stalin, Vamam Shamamov yana aiwatar da ɗayan ɓangarorin farko. Labarun "Koci na Kofafawa" ya gaya game da gwaje-gwajen Izuman da suka fadi zuwa ga rabon wani tsararraki. Bayan sun tsira daga da'irar Jahannamah na Jahannama, marubucin ya hana su ta hanyar zamanin da kalmar sirri ta wallafen na karni na 20.Yaro da matasa
Vamam Tikhonovich An haife shamamovich and Vologda a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1907. Ya zo daga zuriyar da aka guserar. Mahaifinsa, a matsayin kakan da kawuna, wani makiyayi ne na cocin Orthodox na Rasha. Tikhon Nikolayevich ya shiga mishan, wa'azin kabilan Alateuian a cikin na nesa tsibiran (Yanzu ƙasa da Alaska) kuma daidai da Ingilishi. Mahaifan Marubucin sun tsunduma cikin renon yara, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwa suna aiki a makaranta. Valam ya kasance dan na biyar a cikin iyali.
Yaron ya koyi karatu a cikin shekaru 3 kuma m haddace duk abin da ya same shi a labaran dangi. Additiestarwalwar karatu tare da shekaru sun fi rikitarwa: ya wuce daga kasada zuwa litattafan falsafa. Marubucin na gaba ya mallaki dandano na artististic, tunani mai mahimmanci da kuma sha'awar adalci. A karkashin tasirin littattafai a ciki, masu ra'ayin kusa da mutanen mutane sun kasance farkon kafa.
Tuni a cikin ƙuruciya, Charam ya rubuta farkon waƙoƙi. A 7an shekara 7, an ba wa yaron zuwa dakin motsa jiki, amma ana iya magance ilimi ta wannan ilimi, saboda haka zai gama makaranta kawai a cikin 1924. Kwarewar da ake magana da yara da matasa na matasa kuma ya taƙaita a cikin "Volognik na huɗu" - labari ne game da farkon shekarun rayuwa.
Bayan kammala karatu daga makaranta, mutumin ya tafi Moscow kuma yana gudana zuwa cikin sahun Metropolitan: Yana zuwa ga shuka da shekaru 2 yana ɗaukaka kwarewar tannin samar da fata fata. Kuma daga 1926 zuwa 1928, kanta da kanta tana karɓar ilimi mafi girma a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow, tana yin nazarin dokokin Sofile. Amma daga jami'a, an cire shi, tunda wasu abokan karatun su ne daga Denuncations game da "tushen rashin daidaituwa". Don haka motar da ta fara mamaye rayuwar marubucin.
A cikin shekaru dalibin, shalamov ya ziyarci rubutun da mujallar "New LE", inda ya sami masaniya da sadarwa tare da matasa na cigaba.
An kama shi da yanke shawara
A shekarar 1927, Shamov ya shiga zanga-zangar hannun jari da aka sadaukar da kai ga bikin tunawa da na goma da juyin juya halin Oktoba. A matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunin rukunin ƙarƙashin ƙasa trotkistov, yana tsaye tare da taken taken "ƙasa tare da Stalin!" Kuma ya kira alkawarin gaskiya na Ilyich. A shekarar 1929, don shiga ayyukan kungiyar Trosskkkkyist, Vamam Shamamov an fara ne da shi cikin tsare-tsare da "barin shari'a na harbe-haren a matsayin" m cutarwa ".
Daga wannan lokacin, m arantia Mitardia, tsawaita har zuwa 1951 da aka fara. Maganin farko na farko yana aiki a cikin Vizaga, inda a cikin watan Afrilun 19299 ya zo tare da mataki daga gidan yarin na Butyrek. A arewacin Urss, fursunoni suna shiga cikin babban aikin ginin na shekaru biyar - da tsire-tsire na sinadarai a Brezniki ana gina su.
'Yanci a cikin 1932, Shamov ya dawo Moscow da samun rayayyun rayuwa ta hanyar yin rubutu, tare da hadin gwiwar samar da jaridu da mujallu. Koyaya, a cikin 1936, wani mutum ya sake tunawa da "datti Trotskyist" da zargin da zargin ayyukan juyin juya hali. A wannan karon an la'ane shi tsawon shekaru 5 kuma a cikin 1937 an tura su zuwa ga wani aiki Magadan zuwa aikin m - ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na zinari.
Juyin da ya ƙare a cikin 1942, amma fursunoni sun ƙi samar har zuwa ƙarshen babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, shalamov kullum "dinka" sabbin sharuɗɗa a cikin labarai daban-daban: Anan ga sansanin "shari'ar lauyoyi". A sakamakon haka, kalmar marubucin ta girma shekaru 10.
A cikin shekarun, ya sami damar canza ma'adanan guda biyar a sansanonin Krymsky, sun yi adawa a ƙauyuka da ma'adanan da rami. Yana da damar yin kwanciya a cikin barikin lafiya a matsayin "Dotting", wanda ba ya iya iya iya iya zama kowane aikin jiki. A shekara ta 1945, ga gajiya daga yanayin da ba za a iya mawadewa ba, amma kawai mafiya mugunta da halin da ake ciki kuma an ƙaddara azabtarwa a yankin hukuncin.
Har yanzu a asibiti, Shamov ya ci gaba da mataimaki a can, kuma bayan sun karbi shugabanci na kwasa-kwasan kwastomomi. Bayan kammala karatun daga 1946, varlam Tikhonovich zuwa ƙarshen lokacin kurkuku yana aiki a asibitocin sansanin na gabas. Bayan an sami 'yanci, amma ana fuskantar haƙƙi a cikin wani shekara guda da rabi a Yakutia da kuma jirgin sama zuwa tikiti zuwa Moscow, inda ya dawo kawai a 1953.
Halitta
Tuba lokacin farko na gama ƙarshe, Shamov ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a cikin jerin tallafin kasuwancin Moscow. A shekara ta 1936 labarin sa na farko an buga shi a shafukan na Oktoba. Dan shekaru 20 ya rinjayi aikin marubucin, kodayake a sansanin bai bar ƙoƙarinsa ba don yin rikodin waƙoƙinsa wanda zai samar da tushen tsarin littafin Kolyma.
Labarun Labarun Labarun suna ɗaukar matsayin aikin Shamamov. Wannan tarin an sadaukar da kai ga shekarun da aka kashe na Stalin a kan misalin rayuwar fursunoni na Sevvostlak kuma ya ƙunshi duniyar mai laifi 6, "in ji maganganu na aikata laifi, da sauransu).
A ciki, mai zane ya bayyana kwarewar rayuwar mutane ta karya tsarin. Ya bayyana 'yanci, yana goyan bayan da bege, sanyi da aikin da ba za a iya jurewa ba, mutum ya rasa fuskarsa da mafi yawan marubucin ya tabbata. A cikin fursuna, ikon abokantaka, tausayi da girmamawa, lokacin da batun rayuwa ya tafi gaba.
Yayinda ake adawa da marubucin "Gulam Archipelago", Shamov ya gamsu cewa sansanin makarantar ne da kowa da kowa, kuma sau da yawa ya amsa da Solzhenitsits, da yawa cewa ya yi suna ga kansa, da hasashe akan batun daga sansanonin.
Shalamov ya sabawa littafin "Lolyma Labarun" ta hanyar wani littafin, kuma a kammala taron da aka buga a Rasha kawai. Dangane da aikin a 2005, an harbe fim.
A cikin 1960-70, Vamam Tikhonovich yana haifar da tarin waƙoƙi (labarin "Vologida na huɗu") da kuma ƙwarewar gabarwar farko (Viphera Anician).
Matsakaici na ƙarshe na waƙoƙi yana fitowa a 1977.
Rayuwar sirri
Makomar madawwamin sharri bai hana marubucin ya gina rayuwar mutum ba. Tare da matarsa ta farko Gila Gilatievna Goodz ya san sansanin Verhero. A nan, a cewarsa, ya "buge" da wani fursuna, wanda yarinyar ta ziyarci. A shekara ta 1934, ma'auratan sun yi aure, da shekara guda, an haifi Elena 'yar.
Tare da kama marubucin na biyu, an tura masu gunkulewar ga masu dacewa: Galina da aka kora zuwa ƙauyen mai nisa, inda ta rayu har zuwa 1946. Iyalin sun hadu ne kawai a cikin 1953, lokacin da Shamov ya dawo daga mummunan kabilun Gabas zuwa Moscow, amma a 1954 da ma'auratan suna bred.
Charam na biyu na varil Tikhonovich ya kasance Sergeevna neklyudova, memba na kungiyar Tarayyar Soviet. Shamamov ya zama na huɗu da na ƙarshe mijinta. Aure ya dauki shekaru 10, babu 'ya'ya daga ma'auratan.
Bayan kisan aure a shekarar 1966 kuma har zuwa mutuwar marubucin ya kasance ba kowa.
Mutuwa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan na rayuwa, jihar lafiyar marubucin ya kasance da wahala sosai. Shekarun da suka yi yawa na ci gaba da ayyuka a iyakar albarkatun ɗan adam ba su cikin banza. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ya canza wurin harin da ke cikin jinsi, kuma a cikin saurarensu na 70s da hangen nesa a hankali ya hana.
Mutumin bai iya yin tsayar da damuwarsa ba kuma yana motsawa tare da wahala, kuma a cikin 1979, abokai da abokan mulki suna jigilar shi zuwa gidan da ke da nakasa. Gwajin wahala tare da magana da daidaituwa, shamov ya fita wani yunƙuri don rubuta waƙoƙi.
A cikin 1981, marubucin yana da bugun jini, bayan da shawarar da aka yanke don don aika shi zuwa gidan ɗorawa don mutane ke fama da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa. A nan ya mutu a Janairu 17, 1982, sanadin mutuwa shine kumburin kumburin huhu.
Ɗan firist, Shamov koyaushe yana ɗaukar kansa da ba kãfirai ba, amma an aiko shi bisa ga aikin Otodox an binne shi a cikin Kuntsevsky Kashe Moscow. Adana hotuna daga jana'izar marubucin.
An sanya sunayen bayan Shamov an sadaukar da kayan tarihi da bayanai da yawa a cikin sassa daban-daban na kasar: a cikin Yakutia, inda marubucin yake yiwa kwanakinsa na ƙarshe .
Littafi daya
- 1936 - "Mutuwar Dr. uku
- 1949-1954 - "Koci ba
- 1954-1973 - "Labarun Korym"
- 1961 - "bene"
- 1964 - "Ruest ganye"
- 1967 - "hanya da makoma"
- 1971 - "Volognik na huxu"
- 1972 - "Gauraren Moscow"
- 1973 - "ViMera"
- 1973 - "Fedor Raskolnikov"
- 1977 - "Boat aya"