Tari
Daya daga cikin wakilan babban lambar kididdigar Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy - Mahaifin marubuci na Rasha zaki da Rasha zuikolayvich Tolstoy. Hoton marubucin mahaifa ya ci gaba da cewa a cikin ayyukan aikinsa a matsayin "yaƙi da zaman lafiya" (Rostov), "Uba Nicholya). A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, ya yi nasarar aikin soja mai nasara, bayan aurar da Maryamu, Fihirisa da dangi Maria Volkonsky, wanda ya gaji da ƙasa "bayyananne Polyana", wanda daga yanzu ke gaban mallakar Tolstoy .Yaro da matasa
An haifi Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1794. Ba a san inda aka yi amfani da shi ba. Wataƙila an haife shi ne a cikin ƙasa na Nikolsky-Vyazemsky, na ga mahaifiyarsa gimbiya pelaga Gorchakova.
Uban da aka ƙidaya Ilya Andrevich Tolstoy ya bar aikin soja a cikin babban Brigadier bayan da fataucin mutane a cikin Kazan. A wannan matsayin, an zarge shi da wawali ne na kudaden jama'a kuma ya mutu jim kadan bayan cirewar sa, barin bayan bashin da ya samu. A cikin wannan aure, 4 yara aka haife - ɗan farin Nicholya, to Alexander, Ilya da Pelagia.
Bayan mutuwar kadan ILYYA (yana da shekaru 7), Nikolai ya zama makaɗaicin ɗan jadawalin, kuma mahaifinsa ya zo ga aikinsa na nan gaba. Tolstoy ya gano dan mai shekaru 5 a cikin hidimar farar hula a cikin matsayin mai rejista na lardin a cikin balaguron tsarin Kremlin. Bayan shekaru 10, saurayin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rejista na kwaleji, sannan ya koma matsayin sakatare na lardin.
Nikolai Ilyich girma a cikin iyali, ko da yake tare da aikin sarki, amma a cikin yanayin kyauta. An yiwa yara a cikin gidan kuma ba su ci gaba da tsauri ba. Iyaye sun rayu na dogon lokaci a cikin polyany, sannan a Nikolsky-Vyazemsky, wanda aka tsara bukkoki da kallo da kallo a umarnin Uba.
A lokacin da Nicholas Ilyic ya yi shekara 15, 'yar uwarsa' yar uwarsa ta ba shi yakin Apanasi Petrov - ainihin da ke tattaunawa game da haɓaka heyday na Serfom.
Aiki da aikin soja
Wakilin kishin kasa na 1812 ya sa saurayin ya tafi daga aikin farar hula zuwa ga sojoji, duk da juriya da dangi. A ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1812, an yaba wa Nikolai tare da mornet a cikin Rukunin Cossack Cossack.
Tare da wannan bazara, ya fassara zuwa ga reprim na Moscow da nan da nan, bayan sauyi na ƙarshen, ya fara yin aiki a cikin shiryayyen Ilkutsk gusar. Yakin ya kasance babbar rawar jiki ga wani matashin da ba makawa wanda ya tashi daga asalin gidansa a karon farko.
"Na ga duk wannan yaƙin mai tsanani ce. Na ga wuraren, "Vorst a kan goma a kan gawarwakin" "ya rubuta a dangin labaransa.Tolstoy Gra Tolstoy ya halarci kananan yaƙin yaƙin na 1812, kuma ya bambanta kanta a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na sauran yankuna da aka gudanar a tsarin tsananta da lalata sojojin na Napolenic. An ba shi tsari na Life da umarnin St. Vladimir IV tare da baka don banbanci a karkashin Dresden da lokacin da Elbe. Don wata karamar karfin gwiwa a karkashin Janar kusa da Leipzig da aka bayar da martaba darajan Sin da Rothmistra.
A watan Oktoba 1813, lokacin da aka kawo wa Janar Devech a St. Petersburg, an kama Nikolai Ilyich a cikin garin Saint-Oben, a karshen kamfen din Anti-Napolon a 1814. Komawa zuwa Rasha a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1814, Tolstoy ya ci gaba da aikin soja. An tura saurayin matasa zuwa ga rajistar tajada da kuma sanya wani adjunant zuwa Life ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich Janar Andrei Ivanovich, ɗan'uwana na biyu na mahaifiyarsa.
Bayan shekaru 3 na sabis, a cikin 1817 Nikolai Ilyich ya shigar da takarda kai ga Emperor Alexandery i a kan yarima na gusar rajista. Masana tarihi sun bayyana wannan hanyar ga lalacewar yanayin yanayin mai daraja. Koyaya, a nan saurayin ya yi wa wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya yi murabus a cikin 1819 a cikin matsayi na Verelenant Kanal.
A cikin mahaifin 1820th na Nikolai Ilyich ya mutu. Mahaifiyar mata da 'yan'uwa sun kasance kan kula da mutum. Ya kawar da su daga Kazan zuwa Moscow da kuma rufe bashin na Uba, an tilasta su shigar da bashin a matsayin mataimakin malami zuwa ga sojoji marayu reshen ofishin Moscow. Amma, hakika, aure mai kyau kawai zai iya sauri kuma yana daidai daidai.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1822, an kirga wakilin da ke wakiltar Gimbiyar Volkonskky daukaka Maria Nikolaevna, wanda ya karɓi shawarar Kanar Kanar. Amarya ya girmi shekaru 4 da ango fiye da ango mai mahimmanci a gare shi a cikin ɗaukaka ta waje.
Kidaya Nikolai Ilyich wani saurayi ne mai wadatarwa tare da tarihin rayuwa: gwarzo na yaƙi, a yawancin gidaje masu yawa.
"Mahaifin yana da" Sanguine ja ne "," mai dadi, mai ƙarfi murya "," mai kyau, kyawawan idanu ", - don haka ya bayyana hoton mahaifin Lev Nikolayevich.Maria Notolaevna tana da manyan abubuwa na mutumin da ya gaji 'ya'yanta. Volkonskaya yana da kyakkyawan ilimi, dandano na artistic da baiwa na gwaninta, san yare da yawa yakai. Amma babban abinda - Gimbiya mallaki babban yanayi, a tsakanin bangarenta ita ce sanannen estate "Share polyana" a cikin kusanci da Tula.
Akwai sabbin hanyoyin da suka rage nan da nan bayan bikin, wanda ya faru a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1822. A cikin 1823, biyu sun ambaci Nikolai. Don haka 'ya'ya maza uku sun bayyana wa juna - Sergey (1826), Dmitry (1827), zaki (1828). Kawai 'yar Tolstoy Maria an haife shi a 1830.
Nan da nan bayan haihuwar ɗa ta farko, Nikolai Ilyic ya gina babban gidan Man. Tsunduma masu yawa game da abubuwa, ƙaunar farauta. Tattalin arzikin ya kasance kusa da shi: Graphy ya karya babbar gona, ya kai wa yankin Manoran. Kasancewa karatun yana ƙaunar kansa, Nikolai Ilyich tattara wani babban ɗakin karatu daga waɗanda aka kawo daga babban birnin kuma daga gida littattafai.
A cikin 1830, ba tare da murmurewa da Masha ba, matar Tolstoy ya mutu. Ovdov, da ƙidaya yana sa shawara ta ba da shawara ga 'yar uwar sa Tatiana ta Yergolskaya, lokacin da yake ƙauna tare da ƙuruciyarsa. Tatiana wani marayu ne kuma ya fito da shi a gidan Uba Nikolai Ilyich. Rayuwarsa ba ta aiki, kuma ta kasance tsohuwar budurwa.
Kuskuren Ergolskaya ya ki, amma ya yi alkawarin kula da 'ya'yansa da suka bari ba tare da uwa ba. Bayan mutuwar kauri, yaran sun riga sun kama su gaba daya da tsunduma cikin tarbiyyarsu.
Mutuwa
A ƙarshen rayuwar ƙidaya, Nikolay Tolstoy sun yi nasarar gyara harkokin kuɗi. Ya karɓi bashin da bashin mahaifinsa kuma ya ƙarfafa shi, yana sayar da wani abu daga gādon matarsa da karɓar nasa. Kara da ba tsammani ba, kasancewa cikin ofisoshin zirga-zirga - ya karbi busa saboda matsin lamba. Hakan ya faru ne a Tula ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1837.