Tari
Bayanan almara na Amurka William Gibson an danganta su ne da haihuwar halittun almara na kimiyya, wanda aka sani da Cyberpunk. Kuma ba abin mamaki ba: ko da a gaban Concepts na "wucin gadi hankali", "rumfa gaskiya", "tasoshin yanar-gizon" ya bayyana a cikin taro al'adu, da marubuci ya riga ya qyale su su a cikin halarta a karon labari "Neuromant". Duk da cewa tunda sakin aikin ya wuce sama da shekaru 30, har yanzu ana la'akari da shi a horar da shi.Yaro da matasa
William Ford Gibson an haife shi ne a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1948 a cikin garin Coastal Coast, South Carolina. Yawancin farkon rayuwar tarihin da aka gudanar a cikin dalilin davillia, Virginia.
Mahaifin William ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sarrafa a cikin wani babban kamfani, saboda haka nibss yakan koma. Lokacin da yaron ya halarci shingen firamare a cikin Norfolk, mahaifin Virginia, Uba, ya mutu yayin cin abinci. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan abin da ya faru, dangi ya dawo zuwa dalilin da ya sa. William ya ba wa makarantar sakandare George White.
Yanayin Yaron don wasanni, kuma shi cikin shekara 12 "bai so wani abu ba, sai dai ya zama marubucin almara." Duk lokacin kyauta Gibson ya kwana a cikin dakin karatun littattafai. Marubutan bitocin ne na dandano na dan wasan - Prikai William Burrow da Jack Kerero, mawaƙin Allen Ginzberg.
Don karanta William manta game da darussan. Rashin gamsuwa da aikinsa, mahaifiyarsa ta yi barazanar aika ɗanta zuwa makarantar kwana, wanda ya yi da shi da himma. A sakamakon haka, Gibson ya kasance a makarantar Arizona ga yara maza a Tucson.
Lokacin da William Gibson ya kunna shekara 18, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu. Ya jefa makaranta kuma ya tafi tafiya a kusa da Turai, ana son saura zuwa cikin koyarwar koyarwa. A shekarar 1967, marubucin ya koma Kanada don gujewa kiran neman yaƙi a Vietnam. A cikin wata hira da 2008, ya yi bayanin cewa ba karkatar da shi bisa ga sojoji ba, bai taba zuwa batun ba.
Ragowar shekarun 1960, saurayin da aka kashe a Toronto, sannan ya tafi yawon shakatawa na kasashen Turai wanda aka kiyaye tsarin fascuta. Gibson bai so yin aiki ba, saboda haka ya shiga jami'in Columbia don karbar malanta. Ya kammala ilimi a 1977.
A cikin dalibi, William ya gana da marubucin John Shirley, wanda ya kara da cewa karancin baiwa da muhimmanci a rubuta. A wancan lokacin, Gibson ya riga ya rubuta labarai da yawa a cikin salon almara na kimiyya. Godiya ga Shirley, Littattafan sun shiga hannun Bruce Sterling da Lewis Shayer, shahararren asalin ilimin kimiyyar Amurka. Sun yi farin ciki da ayyukan Gibson.
Littattafai
A farkon ayyukan Gibson, misali, labarin "Shards na Holographic ya tashi" (1977), labaru ne game da tasirin cybernetics kan tsere na mutane. Jigogi ya ci gaba a cikin labaran "Johnny-Mnemonic" (1981) da "ƙone Chrome" (1982), kafa tushen rubutun ne "neuromant".
Da ciwon ya rubuta wani uku da labari, Gibson ya dube film "Gudun a kan ruwa" (1982), harbi a cikin Genre na Cyberpunk, da kuma gane cewa Neomomanta aka jiran wani gazawar idan aka kwatanta da wannan "strikingly kyau" kintinkiri. Fadakar da kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyya ya sake yin littafi sau 12 sau kuma ya tabbata cewa bayan an kunzarta da martabarsa har abada. " Koyaya, a sakamakon haka, daga karkashin marubucin alkalami, Cuilromememan ya fito.
"An bauromant" (1984) aka ba da "mai shigowa" da "Hugo", kyautar Philip, Philip Dick. A shekara ta 2005, mujallar taana hade da aiki a jerin litattafan Ingilishi 100 da aka rubuta tun 1923.
Maganar karshe "bai taba ganin molly sake" bai ba da bege game da cigaban na Rome "ba, ko" Gibson ya ɗauki rubutun "kirgawa" (1986). Wadannan ayyuka biyu, da kuma "Mona Lisa One one o opandrive" (1988) ya zama muhimmin "Cyberspace" na marubucin.
Don trilogy, sabon labari "inji na bambanci" (1990), rubuce-rubuce tare da Bruce Sterling. Masana'antu suna gabatar da fasaha game da fasahar bayanai a cikin shimfidar wurare Ingila na karni na XIX. Littafin yanzu an ɗauke shi wani hoto mai haske na Steampobink na Steampunk.
Lokaci guda tare da rubutun manyan ayyuka, Gibson ya tattara labaru, wasu tare da haɗin gwiwar shahararren kimiyya. Don haka, "mallakar" (1981) ya taimaka wa John Star, "Red Star, hunturu orbit" (1983) - Bruce Sterling, da "Yaƙi" (1985) - Michael Suenvik.
Tsarin jerin Gibson na biyu "Trilogy na gada" ya hada da litattafan "Virtual Haske" (1993), "Adadin gobe" (1996). Babban mugunta Marubucin yana gani ba a cikin wucin gadi ba, amma a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, wanda ke ba da damar shahararren shahararrun mutane kuma a zahiri bautar mutane.
Bayan "Gibon Bridgy" Gibson ya fara bin suttura mafi hakikanin rubutu da kuma hadari. A cikin irin wannan hanya, littattafai daga "Grand trilogy" an rubuta - "sanannu" "(2003)," ƙasar fatalwowi "(2007) da" sigen kafa "(2010). Gibson da kansa ya haɗa waɗannan ayyukan sun cancanci "littattafai game da Blue Murxes."
A cikin 2014, Furin Kimiyya ya fito da na'urorin "na yanki", labarin ya bayyana a cikin compols biyu - shekaru 30 bayan yau da nan gaba. Ya gama ci gaba, wanda ya riga ya karbi sunan "Hukumar" dole ne a saki Hukumar "a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2019.
William Gibson bai sani ba kamar yadda marubuci yake, haka kuma a matsayin mai duba sakin sukar. Aikinsa na farko shine rubutun don fim ɗin mai ban mamaki "hanya 3" (1992), fewan abubuwa waɗanda aka adana su a sigar ƙarshe.
A baya can, sa hannun Gibson a masana'antar fina-finai sun yi nisa da tsarin Hollywood Blockbuster. A ƙarshen 1980s, jami'in Jami'in almara da ke aiki tare da Daraktan Kazakh Rashid Nugmanov a cikin fim din Soviet-"Cetadel na Mutuwar". Babban rawar da ya dace da shi ya kasance don aiwatar da jagoran kungiyar Viktor Trii, wanda a shekarar 1990 ya mutu a hatsarin mota.
Babu wani hadin gwiwa tare da Daraktan Jafananci na Issana a 1991. Fim, a kan halittar wanda ya kamata a cire mazaje cikin kowloon, amma a 1993 aka rushe shi. Gibson shi ne marubucin yanayin zuwa garken nasa ayyukan Johnny-Mnemonic (1995), babban aikin kwaikwayo na Keano, da kuma "sabon hotel Wake Play, Willem Defo da Asiya Argento.
Abin lura ne cewa ba a tsattsarkan labarin almara ba. Daraktan Kanada Vircenzo Natalie ya yi magana a wani hirar da cewa yana aiki a kan cinema na "neomanta". Heiden Krasensen da LIV Tyler yakamata ya fito a cikin manyan ayyuka, amma ba a taɓa gane wannan aikin ba. Tun daga shekarar 2017, Tim Miller ya shiga cikin dokoki. Ya kuma mallaki hakkin don harba sauran litattafan litattafan da ke tattare da Trilogy "Cyberspace".
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar rayuwar ta sirri ta wani inuwa ta hanyar inuwar ba a sani ba.
A faɗuwar rana a shekarun 1960, a zamanin Kifa daga kiran zuwa yaƙi a Vietnam, William Gibson ya get deborah Jean Thompson, wata yarinya daga Vancouver. A cikin 1972, ta zama matarsa. Tare sun kawo ɗan yaron daga aure na farko.
Duk da cigaba, kungiyar karfi, Gibson bai bayyana tare da matarsa ba a abubuwan da suka faru. Haka kuma, babu hoto guda na fimist a cikin latsa. Hakanan ba a san cewa ma'aurata sun kawo ƙarin yara ba.
Yanzu iyali na zaune a cikin Vancouver. Gibson ya sami ɗan ƙasa na Kanada, yayin da ya rage dan Amurka.
William Gibson Yanzu
Hukumar Gibson "Agency" tana daya daga cikin littattafan da suka fi tsammani na 2019. An ce lokaci guda duka prefix, da kuma sequel na'urori zuwa "na'urorin yanki".
Abubuwan da suka faru na hukumar za ta zama cikin sigar gaskiya, inda nasarar a zaben shugaban kasar Amurka a 2016 ya lashe Hillary Clinton, kuma ba donald Trump ba. A takaice dai, Gibson ya koma baya ga abin da ya gabata don gabatar da wani madadin makomar Amurka.
Duk da tsufa, Fasahar Kimiyya tana fatan juya "na'urorin yanki" da "Agencal" a cikin talla na gaba. Babu wani bayani game da abin da na na uku nata zai sadaukar da kai.
Faɗa
"Ka kasa kunne ga tsoronka. Wataƙila shi ne aboki kawai. "Dear Dadi mahaifina koyaushe ya ce:" Lokacin da kowa ke asarar cewa a cikin laban, kawai ka sa. " Kusan duk abin da ke lalata rai suma ya hana naman. "" A cikin hassada lanƙwasa ".Littafi daya
- 1977 - "Shards na holographic fure"
- 1981 - "Johnny Mnemonic"
- 1982 - "ƙona Chrome"
- 1985 - "Yaƙi"
- 1990 - "Mayar bambanci"
- 2014 - "na'urorin yanki"
Trilogy "Cyberspace"
- 1984 - "Neuromant"
- 1986 - "Kidaya ZOL"
- 1988 - "Mona Lia Lisa One One overdrive"
"Bridge Trilogy"
- 1993 - "Hasken hoto"
- 1996 - "IDor"
- 1999 - "Dukkanin bangarorin gobe"
"Bugell Triilogy"
- 2003 - "Girman hoto"
- 2007 - "ƙasar fatalwowi"
- 2010 - "Zero Dossier"