Tari
Bitrus Chaiarava aka kira shi halin kirki na zamanin, kuma bayan littafin aikin Falsafa, wanda ke shiga wani sashi tare da tsarin sarauta - "jihar mahaukaci." Tarihinsa ya dogara ne akan hotuna da yawa: Evgenia Daya, Alexander Chatsing, yarima Myshrina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina, Pierre Pratsina Ba kamar haruffan sa ba, Charekev sun rayu daga son mutane da barin kadaici.Yaro da matasa
Peter Yakovlevich Chatoadayav an haife shi ne a ranar 27 ga Mayu 27 (7 Yuni 7) na 1794 a Moscow. Uba Yakov Petrovich ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Carawar Nahizy Natalia Mikhailovna, Mikhatol Moikhailovich Shcherbatova. Iyaye na Bitrus da Mikhail, tsohuwar ɗan'uwansa, mutuwa ta farko, kuma a cikin 1797 Ba'ana ya ɗauki ɗan'uwan mahaifiyar Anna Shcherbat.
A cikin 1808, Bitrus Chadaev, tunda samun ingantaccen ilimi na gida, ya shigo da jami'ar Moscow. Daga cikin malamansa shine marubucin Fedor Baz, mai binciken rubuce-rubuce na rubuce na Littafi Mai Tsarki Friedrich Mtei Mattei. Johann buhhannn buule da ake kira ɗalibin da aka fi so na Charek. Tuni a cikin ɗalibin shekaru na quaraev ya nuna sha'awa cikin yanayi. Memoirist Mikhail Zhikharev ya bayyana hoton na zamani:
"Art na kama Qarekev daukaka kusan digiri na ma'anar tarihi."Peter Yakovlevich ya shahara ga ikon rawa kuma ya jagoranci tattaunawar mutane da ya sanya ta a cikin wata duniyar da ta dace da mata. Hankali daga bikin aure, kazalika fifiko ga takwarorin da ya sanya Chafieeva "Mai yawan son kai."
Hidimar soja da ayyukan jama'a
Yakin mai kishin kasa na 1812 ya kama 'yan uwan chayadaya a cikin jama'ar lissafi na Mastcow. Matasa sun shiga cikin Semeno Semeno Semenov Regist a cikin matsayin matsayin mukaman subfenters. Don ƙarfin hali, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Bordino yaƙi, Peter Yomovlevich ya tashi zuwa ga enign, an ba da umarnin St. Anna da Kulmist Cross for hare-harin da aka kai a cikin yaƙin a karkashin Kul. Ya kuma halarci a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, yakin kusa da Maloyaroslavets.
A cikin 1813 Chanaraev ya fassara zuwa cikin Akhtyrsky Gusar Registim. Kewbistrs Sergey Murabvyev-yayi bayanin wannan Dokar Peter Yakovlevich ta hanyar sha'awar tsaya a cikin Gusar Mundir. A cikin 1816, ya koma zuwa ga mai kula da rections na Gusar, wanda aka samar a cikin Livetenants. Bayan shekara daya, Al -av ya zama mai bijirar da Vasilchikov na gaba Vasilchikov.
Garin Gome a cikin ƙauyen sarauta. A nan ne a cikin gidan tarihin Nikolai Karamzin, Chayadayev ya sadu da Alexander Canada. Babban mawaƙin Rasha da aka sadaukar da waka na falsafa "zuwa hoton Chafiava" (1820), "a cikin ƙasar da na manta da magungunan da suka gabata" (1821), "zuwa ga Peter Yakovlevich, kasancewa wani fasikanci, "tilasta shi tunanin", yin hira a rubuce-rubuce da kuma batutuwa batattu.
Vasilchikov Guaailed Chafial Chaada Harkokin Harkokin Kashi mai tsanani, Alexander I akan Seminovsky Regist. Bayan ganawa da Sarkin a cikin 1821, adjunant, wanda ke ba da fata ga kyakkyawar makomar soja, yi murabus. Labaran sun tsage jama'a kuma ya ba da labari da yawa.
Dangane da sigar hukuma, Chafiev, da zarar an yi masa aiki a cikin jerin Semenov, bai sha wahala daga azabar rufe haduwa. Domin wasu dalilai, da Fallashah ya kasa isar da tsohon sojan. Har ila yau, ya yi zaton cewa Al Alexander i, domin ya ɗauki rigar jiki na dogon lokaci, ko kuma Sarki ya ɗauki wani tufafi na Peter Yakovlevich.
Ana nuna tare da harkokin soja, Charekev ya shiga rikicin ruhaniya. Saboda matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin 1823, ya tafi tafiya zuwa Turai, ba tare da shirin komawa Rasha ba. A kan tafiyeps, Peter Yakovlevich yana sabunta ɗakin karatu tare da littattafan addini. Ya kasance yana jawo hankalin mutum, babban ra'ayin wanda ya kasance a cikin abubuwan cigaban kimiyya da Kiristanci.
Halin lafiyar Chandaeva cakuda, kuma a cikin 1826 ya yanke shawarar komawa Rasha. A kan iyakar, an kama shi daga zargin hannu a cikin tawagar da ke cikin tawagar, wanda ya faru a shekara daya da ya gabata. Daga Peter Yakovlevich, sun dauki rasit cewa bai cikin jerin gwal. Koyaya, wannan bayanin da gangan arya ne da gangan.
Komawa a 1814, Charekg ya shiga cikin St. Petersburg Farite na Unions Abokiyar Amurka, ya isa Sana Master. Falsafa da sauri ya ji daɗin ra'ayin al'umman asirce, kuma a cikin 1821 kuma sun bar abokan gaba ɗaya. Sannan ya shiga cikin arewacin arewacin. Daga baya ya soki masu da waye, a baya cewa sojojin da ke dauke da makamai dauke da Russia na rabin karni da suka gabata.
Falsafa da kerawa
Komawa zuwa Rasha, Chafiev ya zauna a karkashin Moscow. Makwabcinsa yana Catherine Panova. Tare da ita, Falsafa yana da rubutu - kasuwanci na farko, sannan abokantaka. Matasa sun tattauna addini ne da yawa, bangaskiya. Amsar da Chandaev ga jikokin Panova Karfe "Haruffa na Falsafa", wanda aka kirkira a 1829-1831.
Rubuta cikin nau'ikan epistolary aikin ya sa fushi game da alkawuran siyasa da addini. Ga wadanda aka bayyana a cikin aikin tunani, Nikolai na gane Chafieva da kuma mahaukaci. Kulawa ta likita ta tabbatar da cewa kulawar likita, kuma an kara yarinyar ne zuwa asibitin masu tabin hankali.
Har ishar zargi na "haruffan falsafa" da aka haifar ne saboda an fidda Orthodoxy. Addinin mutane na Rasha, ba kamar Kiristanci na Yammaci ba, ba ya rage mutane daga bauta, amma ta bambanta, bautar. Wadannan ra'ayoyin jama'a Alexander Herzen daga baya ana kiranta "da juyin Katolika."
Mujallar "Telescope", wanda a cikin 1836 an buga wasiƙar Falsafa "Falsafa", an rufe shi, aka cire shi, an cire edita ga Katorga. Har zuwa 1837, Chanaadayev ya zartar da gwajin likita kowace rana don tabbatar da lafiyar hankalinsa. Koyaushe daga an cire falsafar da cewa shi "bai yi kuskure don rubuta komai ba."
Alkawarin Qaarev ya keta a cikin wannan 1837, rubuta "afuwa na mahaukaci" (ba a buga lokacin rayuwa). Abun aiki ya amsa tuhumar "consietism mai kishin kasa", ya bayyana game da dalilan na bayan jama'ar Rasha.
Peter Yakovlevich ya yi imani cewa Rasha tana tsakanin gabas da yamma da yamma, amma a cikin jigon sa ba ya amfani da kowane ɓangarorin duniya. Wata al'umma da ke neman koyon mafi kyawun al'adun biyu kuma a lokaci guda kada su zama mai bin wani daga gare su wanda ya wanzu zuwa lalata.
Mulki kawai game da abin da ChAYAREV ya ce dangane da, - Peter i, wanda ya dawo Rasha ta zama mafi yawan kuma iko ta hanyar gabatar da al'adun Rasha na abubuwa na yamma. Yammacin Masar, amma ya kashe shi da daraja. Hujja na wannan - kalmomin Alexey Homyakova, wani wakilin haske mai haske na Slavophilismism:
"Tunani mai haske, jin daɗin fasaha, ji da zuciya mai kyau - waɗannan halaye ne da kowa ya jawo hankalinsa; A irin wannan lokacin da, a fili, tunanin nutsuwa a cikin kabari da kuma mafarki mara kyau. Ya kasance mai tsada musamman da gaskiyar cewa shi da kansa yana farkawa kuma ya ƙarfafa wasu. "Rayuwar sirri
A cikin maye gurbin da ake kira Misadava "Lady falsafa": Ya san cewa mata da yawa, ya san yadda zan fada cikin ƙauna da mata baƙa. A lokaci guda, rayuwar sirri ta Petra Yakovlevich bai yi aiki ba.
A cikin rayuwar Chadeaya ne akwai soyayya uku. Catherine Panova, mai kara haruffa "wasiƙar Falsafa", ya sha wahala mafi ƙarfi daga burin namiji. Ko bayan 'yantar da' yantar da masu ilimin halin kwakwalwa, yarinyar ba ta zargi ƙaunataccen a cikin masifar sa ba. Tana neman tarurruka da masanin waka, amma ta mutu ba tare da wasika mai komawa ba, wata tsohuwa ce mai tsufa.
Chaadayev ya yi aiki a matsayin Proototype ga Evgenia Dance daga littafin Alexander turnova ne wanda Avdota Norova Norova ya aikata. Ta faɗi cikin ƙauna da masanin ɗan adam ba tare da ƙwaƙwalwa ba, kuma a lokacin da bai sami kuɗi don biyan sa, amma ya tafi Moscote don ya kula da shi, amma ya tafi Moscarfafa wa gidan Levashiv.
Avdota budurwa ce mai raɗaɗi da rauni, sabili da haka ya mutu da wuri - yana da shekara 36 da haihuwa. Kasar da ba ta amsa ba, wacce ta dade ta da ba ta amsa ba ta da ba ta amsa ba na dogon lokaci, ta ziyarce ta a asibiti jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.
Ekaterina Le Dutsen, kodayake akwai wata mace mai aure, da gaske tana ƙaunar Chafiev. Matar yara da tsofaffi ba su fahimci dalilin da yasa ba ta da kuɗi daga Falsafar. Halin girmamawa game da Catherine ga Baƙo ya ɗauki shekaru 6, har zuwa mutuwarta.
Mutuwa
A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1856, wani ɗan gajeren masani ya bayyana a cikin jaridar Vercow na Moscow:
"A karfe 5, da yamma ya mutu bayan ɗan gajeren cuta, ɗaya daga cikin matattarar Peter Yakovlevich Chater Yakodovich, wanda aka sani a kusan dukkanin da'irar mu al'umma."
Ya mutu sakamakon kumburi na huhu, kadan ba tare da tsira har zuwa shekaru 63 ba. Nemo Mikhail Zikharharev ya tambaya da zarar ya nemi Falsafer, "Me yasa ya gudana daga mata," kamar wutar jahannama daga Ladan, "kuma ya amsa:
"Nemi bayan mutuwata."Alamar Chiadav ya umarci kansa a kusa da ƙaunatattun mata - a cikin Don Midasery Ajiyayyen a kusa da Ekaterovina Levashova. Falsafa ya sami zaman lafiya na ƙarshe a makabarta don don makabarta a Moscow.
Faɗa
"Rashin girman kai yana haifar da wawa, girman kai mai fushi ne". "Ba wanda ya ɗauki kansa ya sami komai, ba tare da barin ɗan aiki ba a baya wannan hannun. Daya wani banda - farin ciki ne. Suna ganin ya zama na dabi'a don samun farin ciki ba tare da yin wani abin da zai siya ba, wato, don samun sa. " Neman daidaito wani. "Abubuwan da suka gabata ba su sake magana da mu ba, amma nan gaba ya dogara da mu."Littafi daya
- 1829-1831 Haruffa na Falsafa "
- 1837 - "Appology na mahaukaci"