Tari
Nikolai Nikolayevic Setenov - Matsayin masanin kimiyyar zaman lafiya, wanda aikinsa ya yi nazari kuma yana amfani da al'umman duniya a cikin ayyukansu. Ya yi rayuwa mai kyau wanda akwai isasshen sarari don damuwa da ayyukan bincike. A cikin idanunsa, kasar ta canzawa - daga Tsarist Russia zuwa Soviet Union.
Nikolai Nikolaevich ya tsira daga yakin basasa, juyin juya hali, rashin mutunci ne na 30s, yakin duniya na biyu. Kuma duk da irin wahalar, ya kasance da aminci ga kimiyya. Semenov har yanzu masanin kimiyyar Rasha ne ya karbi kyautar Nobel a cikin sunadarai.
Yaro da matasa
Nikolai Nikolayevic Setenov an haife shi ne a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1896 a cikin dangin Soja mai kwararru. Mahaifaya - Nikoolay Alexandrovich, uwa - Eleena Alexandrovna. Masanin kimiyya har zuwa 1909 ya bukaci yara a cikin Saratov, to dangin sun koma Samara.
Anan ya ziyarci ainihin makarantar da ya kammala karatunsa tare da girmamawa a 1913. Ya kasance a cikin bangon wannan cibiyar Nikolai ya fara zama sha'awar Chemistry da kimiyyar lissafi. Soyayya ga malami da aka tallafa wa malami a kimiyyar likita Vladimir Ivanovich Karmilov, wanda masanin masani zai yi tarayya da abokantaka da dumama.
Saurayin yana cikin gwaje-gwaje a gwaje-gwaje, nazarin halayen sunadarai, wanda, zuwa tsoratarwar manya, sun ƙare da fashewar. Amma a wannan zamanin, Semenov yana da sha'awar halayen fashewar abubuwa, wanda ya zama tushen binciken kimiyya.
Bayan makarantar, Nikolai ya shiga Jami'ar Petrograd kan Ma'aikatar ilimin lissafi da ilimin lissafi. Mahaifinsa da aka gamsu da zabi na dansa, kamar yadda ya yi mafarkin ganin shi a cikin aikin soja. Tsakanin mahaifa da ɗa akwai jayayya cewa tsawon shekaru.
A kan karatun 2, Nikolai ya shiga kimiyyar halittu karkashin jagorancin Ibrahim Iffe IOffe. Yana aiwatar da aiki a kan ionize na kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin a karkashin aikin yajin aikin da ke da Gas. Bayan kammala karatun daga jami'a a cikin 1917 ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin Motar Alma don shirya don aikin bashi.
A cikin bazara na 1918, abubuwan da suka faru suna faruwa, wanda ke canza matakan kwantar da hankali na rayuwar ɗan masanin masanin kimiya. Haɗuwa a hutun bazara ga iyaye a Samara, yana kula da yakin basasa. A cewar Nikolai Nikolayevich, an fahimci shi da kyau abin da yake faruwa a cikin sojojin Samara Cosanthent Majalisar Dinkin Samara, wanda ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin gwamnatin Eserovo.
Game da dawowa zuwa kamfanin da zan manta. Semenv ya zama baturin zane-zane na yau da kullun. Ya kasance a cikin matsayin kiwo game da wata daya a gaban da jan sojojin. Amma da sauri na gane cewa sabis ɗin sojojin ba manufarta ba ce.
Nikolay ya hau kan hutu zuwa wani mummunan uba a Samara. Daga can aka tura ni batirin UFA, amma ban je wa ba, amma a Tomsk, wanda aka ƙidaya ta hanyar ƙaura daga cikin farin sojojin. Semenov yana fatan Tomsk don ci gaba da shiga cikin kimiyya. A cikin Cibiyar Fasahar Tomsk, an samar da shi da dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike da kuma damar magance kimiyyar lissafi a sashen.
Nikolai ya yi nasarar samar da ayyukan kimiyyar kimiyya da yawa na kimiyya da kuma shirya taron karawa juna sani na dindindin a Cibiyar, yi aiki tare da daliban kware.
A cikin 1919, Sememek da aka tattara a cikin sojoji. Shugaban na Ma'aikatar Likitocin Tomsk, Boris Petrovich viainberg, sun amince da canja wurin Nicholas zuwa tashar rediyon daga inda aka aiko shi zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha.
Bayan shigar da Tomsk na Red Army, Rediyon ya shiga abun da ke ciki. Jami'ar ta shirya wani takarda da ke sunan kwamandan garin, a kan cewa Serenov ne ake fitar da Seremeoveled daga rundunar.
Daga baya, farin mai gadi ya faru a cikin tarihin rayuwar Nikolai Nikolayevich kusan ta jagoranci shi a cikin masana kimiyyar ta'addanci suna shirin Lengerad ga kungiyar ta'adda. Daga cikin magungunan da ba a san shi ba, amma shi da yawa "mataimaki" sun sami damar tsira. NKVD don dalili na rashin fahimta ya bar su shi kaɗai.
Kimiyya
A cikin 1920, Nikolai, A gayyatar Abraha Fedorovich Iffe, sake dawowa da petroggrad kuma shirya zuwa ga matsayin shugaban na lantarki na X-ray da radiology cibiyar cibiyar. Daga 1921 ya sake sakace shi ga ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar lissafi da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha.
A wannan shekarar, yanayin da ake amfani da shi yana faruwa, wanda za'a iya kiran shi mystical, wanda ya shirya makomar masanin kimiyya. Tare da abokinanta, Peter kumapitsa, sun ba da umarnin hoton sanannen mai zane Boris Kustovi.
"Me ya sa ba za ku zana mu ba, masu farin ciki na gaba?" Ya tambayi Artist Kipitsa. Abin da ya tambaya idan matasa masana kimiyya suna tarawa a makomar Nobel. Bayan amsawar, mai siyar da mai siyar da hoton da ba a cika ba na Shalyarppin kuma ya fara aiki akan umarnin su.
Tare da Peter kumapitsa Nikolai Serv, tsawon shekaru na abokantaka da aikin kimiyya na haɗin gwiwa. A shekarar 1922, sun kirkiro wata hanya don auna matsalar kwayar cutar ta tabarma a cikin filin Magnetic, wanda ya samu nasarar samun nasarar samun nasarar kwastomomi da ke aiki da Walter Gerla.
A cikin 1927, Nikolai Nikolayevich ta nada zuwa matsayin shugaban sinadan na sinadarai da fasahar lingingrad fiztech, kuma daga 1928 ya zama fartansa. A shekara ta 1931, ta canza zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Cibiyar Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta USSR, wacce masanin kimiyya ke da shekaru 55.
A lokacin yakin duniya na II, Semenov, tare da sauran masana kimiyya na Soviet, suna a bayan Kogin Soviet, a cikin Kazan, inda yake ci gaba da aiki kan batutuwan konewa da fashewar fukai. Ayyukansa sun karbi fitarwa na duniya. Yana mallaki ka'idar fashewar fashewar thermal da kuma hadawar gas. Nikolai Nolailich yana haifar da rukunan na yaduwar harshen wuta, zauren, ƙone abubuwan fashewa.
A shekarar 1943, Cibiyarsa ta Cibiyar ta sinadarai ta canza zuwa Moscow, inda wani aiki mai aiki akan aikin atomic ya fara. Bayan yaƙin, Semenov ya fara kai hari kan sauran masana kimiyya, wanda ya shirya daya daga cikin alawanda na Jami'ar Moscow Nikolai Sergeevich Akuluov.
Yaƙin ne da ke kamuwa da shi ne daga babban masanin kimiyya. Ya zargi Semenov cikin ƙaramin shiri a gaban yamma da kuma yanayin ra'ayoyin.
Ganyayyaki da abokantaka da gaskiyar cewa matsalar Petro Kapitsa ya zama mai yawa lokuta mara dadi a cikin aikin masanin kimiyya. An hana Semenov haquri ga Semipalatinsykill na Semipalatinsk, inda magungunan da aka fara ne suka yi. Yawancin ma'aikatan kimiyya sun shiga nan, amma wani abu ya hana su gaya wa manajan game da sakamakon gwajin.
Bayan mutuwar Stalinov ya kare, kuma an yi tallafin hukuma bayan sanarwar Nikolai Nikalavich Nobel kyautar. Taron ya faru a 1956. Kyauta don "bincike a fagen sinadarai na aikin sunadarai", masanin kimiyya ya kasu gaba tare da takwaran kasar Burtaniya ta Syril Noryan Hinselwood.
NIKOLAI NIKOLALayevich an zabe shi zuwa post of Sakatare-sakatariyar Ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Ussr Academy na Kimiyya, daga nan sai ya karbi taken Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya.
A shekarar 1973, ya kasance daya daga cikin ilimin ilimi wanda ya sanya wasika a cikin jaridar Plavda tare da hukuncin da Sakharovan Sakharov.
Nikolai Nikolayevich LeD A Sporcific da ayyukan tsari da na zamantakewa. An zabe shi zuwa cibiyoyin kimiyyar kimiya 14 a kasashe daban-daban na duniya. Don gudummawar ga Kimiyya na Soviet, ya zama sau biyu da ɗaukar nauyin kyautar Stalinist, wanda aka kara kyautar Lenin ga kyautar.
A cikin Jihar Register na binciken na USSR, Aikin Servian Servician akan taken: "Fanarwar sarkar Brancin a cikin halayen sunadarai". Bayan ransa, masanin masanin ya bar gado a cikin nau'in littattafan kimiyya da labaran.
Rayuwar sirri
Masanin kimiyya ya yi aure sau uku. Maria Isidovna-Liverovskaya ya zama matanin farko, wanda ya girmi Nikolai Nikolaayevich shekaru 17. Saboda ƙaunataccen mutumin da, sai ta bar gidan farko. Tana da 'ya'ya huɗu. Amma, da rashin alheri, mace ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa cikin shekaru 2.
Bayan mutuwar matarsa, bayan shekara, Semenov ya auri 'yar Mariya Isidorovna - Natalia Burtseva. Taron ya faru a cikin 1924. Yara biyu da aka haife su a ma'auratan: Yuri da Lyudmila. Matar ta taimaka wa mijinta a cikin tafiyarsa tafiye-tafiye, an fassara shi daga yaruka uku. Masanin kimiyya da kansa bai yi magana da kowa ba, amma zai iya karanta wallafe-wallafen.
Rayuwar masanin masanin ilimin ta zama batun tattaunawa a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Kwamitin CSU, lokacin da a 1971 Ya ba da izinin saki da matarsa da aure a Lydia Shcherbakova, wanda ya kasance gwarzo fiye da wakili. Bayan sun yarda, ma'aur da suka yi rajista tare na shekaru 15. Babu 'ya'ya a cikin wannan aure.
Mutuwa
Masanin kimiyya ya mutu a Moscow a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1986 yana da shekara 90. Sanadin mutuwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje.
An binne Nikolai Nikolaevichichich wanda aka binne shi a makabartar Novevichy. Babu hoto a kan kabarinsa, amma adadi na masanin kimiyyar ya cika. Aikin yi shahararren masanin Soviet Scultor Vladimir Fedorov.
Lambobin yabo
• 1941 - Kyautar Stalin• 1943 - Mubanamin Member na Ingilishi
• 1946 - oda na Red Banner
• 1949 - Kyautar Stalin
• 1956 - Kyautar Nobelistry
• 1958 - Memba na baƙi na jama'a na London
• 1960 - Doctor Doctor of Jami'ar Oxford
• 1962 - Mutumin girmamawa na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta New York
• 1963 - memba na baƙi na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Amurka
• 1965 - Likita na Jami'ar London
• 1966 - gwarzo na aikin gurguzu
• 1969 - babban lambar zinare mai suna bayan M. V. Lomonosov
• 1976 - Kyautar Lenin
• 1976 - gwarzo na aikin gurguzu
• 1986 - oda na juyin juya halin Oktoba
Littafi daya
Littattafai
• 1934 - "sarkar sarkar"
• 1958 - "A kan wasu matsaloli na Kingics da lokacin hutu"
• 1973 - "Kimiyya da al'umma: Labarai da Magana"
Sani
• 1923 - "yaduwar yaduwa da gas da gas kuma vapor haske yakai"
• 1924 - "sunadarai da abubuwan lantarki"
• 1925 - "A kan kwano na kwayar itace"
• 1930 - "sarkar sarkar"
• 1930 - "Mafi sauƙin halayen sunadarai"
• 1931 - "fashewar gas da kuma sarkar dauki ka'idar dauki"
• 1940 - "Ka'idar Herneral na Kon da Fashewa"
• 1940 - "Ka'idar Tsabta da Fashewa" (ƙare)
• 1953 - "manyan tambayoyin ka'idar zamani na kona hade da hadawar gas na gari"
• 1967 - "Ikon kai da kuma sarkar sarkar"
• 1986 - "Hanyar Kimiyya"