Tari
Ofaya daga cikin tunanin Rasha ƙarni na farko, wa masanan, marubuci da mashahuri. Dissafin Ivan Ilin, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga falsafar George Hegel, ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun fassarar ayyukan na Jamus. Ilyin bai yarda da juyin juya halin Musulunci da ikon Bolsuvik ba, wanda shine dalilin fitar da shi daga Rasha.
Rayuwa a ƙasashen waje ta kasance nauyi mai nauyi ga masanin masanin masanin da ya taɓa gani kawai a cikin hidimar Uwand. Amma godiya ga almajiran sa da mabiyansa waɗanda suka kawo aikin mai yiwuwa, sun ba da gudummawar Ilina zuwa ci gaban tunanin falsafar Rasha kada a yi musu ba'a.
Yaro da matasa
Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris (a cewar wani sabon salo a Afrilu 9) na 1883 a Moscow a cikin babban dangi. Uba Alexander Ivanovich Ilyin - Sakataren Gubbenky, mai ɗaurin kurkuku na ɗakin shari'a na Asujan Aficial. Mahaifiyar - Ekaterina Yulievta Scheikerr, ɗan ƙasar Jamus, wanda ya karɓi Orthodoxy. Ma'auratan sun kawo 'ya'ya maza na hudu: Alexey, Alexander, Ivan da Igor.
Iyalin Ilya sun shahara da kyawawan halaye da ingantaccen asali. Daga cikin manyan kakanninmu masu ban mamaki ga mahaifin - Kakana Ivanovich Ilyin, Injiniya, sun halarci aikin Fadar Kermlin, sannan ya yi masa aiki. Alexander Ivanovich shi shi ne kasusuwa na Emperor Alexander II.
Iyaye, mutane na addini da ilimi, nemi baiwa yara ilimi mai kyau kuma sun zama masu horarwa. Dukkan 'ya'yan Ilyini sun sami wata ilimi mai haske a cikin fiki game da hukuncin, za su hau zambiyoyin Uba.
Ivan, kuma, wanda ya karanci shekaru 5 a cikin Gymnasium 5 na Moscow, ya shiga makarantar motsa jiki na Jami'ar Moscow a 1901. Mai nema tare da lambar zinare da kyakkyawan ilimin yaruka (banda Sulaiman, Helenanci da cocin Slavonic) daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ɗaliban jami'a.
Falsafa da ayyukan zamantakewa
Bayan da tun na koya hakkin, Ivan ya dauke shi da falsafar Falsafa. A hankali, ana sake shigar da sha'awar cikin zurfin sha'awa. Ilimin harsuna sun bude dalibi da samun dama ga ayyukan manyan masu tunani, slato, Aristotle, amma yawancin saurayin da ke gudana daga koyarwar Hegel. Tattalin ra'ayoyin masana ilimin dan asalin Ilin zai share shi cikin rayuwarsa, zai zama tushen kirkirar manyan manyan ayyukan dan kasuwan.
Malaman Ivan sun zama manyan abokan farihuwa: Prince na Evgeny Trobetskoy, Pavel Novangorod Mazauna Mutum, wanda, ban da babban tunanin mutum na mutumin, ya lura da aikin tunani na mutum. A Tretskaya da aka yiwa Ilyin a ƙarshen karatun su a cikin 1906 ya kasance a cikin Merar koyarwa da kuma kara gaba ga Copetor.
Karatun farko na malamin ya fara karanta a cikin Moscow mafi girma mata, inda ya hadu da matar aure - Natalia VOCOCH. Aure bai keta shirin da ya shirya ba game da aikin kimiyya. A cikin 1909, Ilyin, yana wucewa da jarrabawar, ya karɓi digiri na Jagora a cikin dokar Precyclopedia da tarihin falsafar dokar Jami'ar Moscow.
Farkon ayyukan kimiyya na Ivan Ilin an dauke shi shekara 1910, lokacin da ya zama memba na jama'a na Moscow kuma ya buga aikin farko "a matsayin doka da iko". Bayan haka, masanin kimiyya tare da matarsa ke zuwa horon aiki na kasashen waje. Har zuwa 1912, ya kasa sauraren karatun da falsassi na Turai na Rickeer, E. Gusserly da sauransu a jami'o'in Berlin da Paris.
Wannan tafiya ta ne ga masanin kimiyya tare da sabon, sabon tunani: Turai a cikin waɗancan shekarun sun sami ci gaban falsafar falsafar falsafali da bincike. Musamman, Ilyina mai ban sha'awa ga fahimtar abin mamaki. Matasan mai horo kuma da kansa yayi magana da rahotanni a taron karawa juna sani, laccocisa na da rashin canzawa canzawa. Bayan ya kai ci gaba, Ilyin ya zo Rasha a cikin 1913 wahayi zuwa, cikakken shirye-shiryen kimiyya da kuma Azart din rubutu.
"Ina tunani akai da tunani sosai cewa a cikin lokacin gajiya ko ƙima na yi kama da kanku wawa", "ya rubuta a cikin diary diary.
Ilyin da gaske aiki da yawa: laccoci ne mai ban sha'awa game da falsafa da ilimin halin dan Adam a Jami'ar Moscow tattara cikakkun ɗakunan ɗalibai. A cikin 'yanci daga ayyukan koyarwa, Ivan yana aiki akan labaran da kuma haduwa. Ofaya daga cikin ɗayan gashin tsuntsun: "(1915) Kuma waɗansu maɗaukaki.
Duk wannan yana faruwa ne da asalin juyin juya halin juyin juya halin na 1917. Koyaya, kiran farko ba sa tsoratar da abokin gaba na zamani Ilina. Ko da abubuwan da suka faru na Fabrairu ya kasance mai tsinkaye a matsayin rikici na ɗan lokaci. Amma juyin juya halin Oktoba da canjin tsarin mulki, ya hadu da jin tsoro. ITYIN LOTYYYYYalar da aka goyi bayan farin Sojoji, gami da yakin kamfen, wallafa labarai da ya shafi farin masu tsaron farin, suka kira su da masu nasara. A saboda wannan, fiye da wanda sau ɗaya ake zargi da kama tun 1918.
A wannan shekarar, Ilyin mai yiwuwa ne ya kare falsafar rubutun "HEGEL a matsayin alherin Allah da namiji", karbar digiri biyu a lokaci daya: Master da likitocinsu na ilimin kimiyya. Da kuma son sanannen masani, sannan shari'ar shi, ta sa babban resonance a cikin al'umma. A wani sashi, godiya ga kare na hikimasia, da motar asibiti amaramar da Ilina an yi tsawaita.
Shekaru 4 Ivan Alexandrovich ya yi aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi a kansa a karkashin kulawar Chekisti, sau da yawa aka tsare don "ci gaban anti-Soviet ayyukan". A sakamakon haka, ta hanyar izinin hukumomi, Ilyina an aiko daga Rasha a kan abin da ake kira "Falsophical Steemer." Tare da shi, wani 160 mutane daga cikin cigaban hankali kai tsaye hagu.
Ƙaura
A cikin Jamus, inda masanin kimiyyar Rasha ya iso, wani sabon babi na tarihin sa ya fara. A shekarar 1923, wani jami'ar kimiyya ta Rasha ta bude a Berlin, wacce farfesa ta zama Ilyin. Ya taka leda a kan Encyclopedia na dokar, falsafa da kayan ado a cikin Rasha da Jamusanci kuma har yanzu sun biya fifikon rubuce-rubuce da ayyukan ilimi. Daga cikin ayyukan da ke cikin wannan lokacin - abun da ke ciki "a kan juriya na mugunta iko" aka buga a 1925.
Bugu da kari, Ilyin ya jagoranci aikin jama'a a kungiyar Kwalejin Addini da Falsafa da kuma al'ummar falsafar. Traveled tare da laccoci game da Rasha dukkanin Turai, an buga mujallar "Rasha Bell". Da alama cewa rayuwa a cikin ƙaura sun fara kafa, amma a cikin fushina na 30s ya zo Jamus. Daraja don karɓar ra'ayoyin gurguzanci na ƙasa, Ilyin an tilasta shi barin jami'a, da sannu da daɗewa ba ɓoye daga Gstapo kwata-kwata.
Sai kawai a 1938, ya sami damar zuwa Switzerland. Wani tsohon aboki, mai sergey Sergey Rakhmominov, aka taimaka ya zauna a nan, wanda ya yi alƙawarin kudi domin ba a tura shi Berlin.
Mahukunta sun yarda da Ilyin ya zauna, amma ya hana hakkin aiki, bugu da ayyukan zamantakewa. Ivan Alexandrovich da matarsa zauna a cikin yankin Zurich - Tsollyon. Abinda kawai zai iya yi shine yin kimiyya.
A nan, a na biyu tilasta ƙaura, Ivan Ilyin ya rubuta wani kyakkyawan aiki. Da farko dai, an gama aikin, wanda ya sadaukar da shekaru 3 na rayuwa - "axioms na kwarewar addini". Har ila yau, ya rubuta jerin littattafai uku "fitilan rayuwa. Littafin Consolations "," Murna na Zuciya. Littafin kwanciyar hankali "da" a kan al'adun Rasha. "
Rayuwar sirri
"Ikon ilhami da ƙarfin Ruhu an hade don kada a raba shi; Kuma sai ƙaunar ƙauna ta zama amintaccen kuma ƙaunar kusanci da ruhaniya, "Ivan Alexandrovich ya rubuta a cikin rubuce-rubucensa.Ya yi sa'a isa ya sadu da mutumin da wanda ya sami farin ciki a rayuwar kansa da dangantakar ruhaniya.
Natalia Nikolaevna Vokach ya zama amintaccen gidan kayan tarihi, abokin da kuma wahalar masanin kimiyyar Rasha. Digiri na daraja mafi girma mata, wata mace ta haskaka da kuma ilimi, ta rarraba ra'ayoyin matan. Tsunduma cikin falsafa, masanin tarihi, tarihi.
Natalia Nikolaevna ta umarce ni da mijinta duka hamsin ya yi kusa da na karshen, goyon baya da kariya. Babu 'ya'ya daga ma'aurata ma'auratan.
Mutuwa
Duk da cikakken maida hankali kan ayyukan rubutu, Ivan Alexandrovich bai isa ba. Ya so ya gama littafin "A Mulkin Mulkin", an shirya shi don buga aikin "hanyar aiki" don shaida, "da shirin shirya tsofaffi. Amma akwai wani falsafar da ba ta da kyau zuwa asibiti. A sakamakon haka, jikin bai magance nauyin ba: 21 ga Disamba, 1954, Ilyin ya mutu. Mutuwa ta faru saboda rauni saboda yawan cututtuka.
An binne Ivan Alexandrovichichich a Zollyon. Matar, wanda ya tsira shi tsawon shekaru 8, shima ya sami zaman lafiya na har abada a nan. A cikin 2005, an kwashe tsoffin ma'aurata zuwa Rasha da binne shi a garin necropolis na don kada su yiwa 'yan gudun hijirar.
Ayyukan Ilyina suka fara bugawa a cikin garinsu tun farkon 90s kuma sun sami shahararrun mutane da yawa na zamanin yau. Quotes Offiel yayi amfani da shi a cikin jawaban da shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin, Daraktan fim Nikita Mikhalkov da sauransu.
Littafi daya
- 1915 - "Janar koyaswar a hannun dama da jihohi"
- 1918 - "" Falsafar Hegel a matsayin rukunan koyarwar Allah da mutum "
- 1925 - "A kan juriya na mugunta"
- 1931 - "guba bolshevism"
- 1937 - "Asali na al'adun Kirista"
- 1958 - "Zuciya mai ban sha'awa. Littafin tunani na hankali "