Tari
Adam Mitskevich shine sanannen mawaki na Polish, wanda aikin kasar Polian Polish ne ya yi kama da mahimmancin alamomin Alexander. Kwararru suna kiran marubucin zuwa wanda ya kafa wariyar Polish. Ya tsaya a kan wani shugaban 'yancin kasa a Poland.Yaro da matasa
Adam Mitskevich an haifeshi a kan Kossos gona, kusa da garin Novogrudok. Shekaru 3 kafin bayyanar marubucin, waɗannan ƙasashe sun kasance ga masu Commonheal, sa'an nan kuma aka haɗe su da daular Rasha. A yau, yankin mallakar Beleyus ne, don haka mazauna yankin sun san game da aikin mawaka.
Adamu aka haifeshi a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1798. Mahaifin yaron, Mikolai, ya tashi daga tsohuwar Lithuan. Da zarar ya kasance yana cikin ɗaukakar, amma gidan ya yi rauni kuma ba shi da wani yanayi. Mitskevich-SR. Ya haifar da dokar aiki don ciyar da dangi. A shekara ta 1794, mutumin ya goyi bayan iyawar Tadeusch KostututTko da cikin 'ya'yansa sai ya fito da ƙauna ga jama'arsa da mutunta na Garner. Mahaifiyar Barbara, Bayahude a asalin, mallakar dangin karamin ma'aikaci.
A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1799, yaron ya yi baftisma a cocin Nuwovrudsky na fassara. Daga 1805 zuwa 1815, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Makaranta, wanda aka kafa a haikalin Dominiya na St. Arcangel Michael, aka dauke shi a wurin tare da kirkirar rubutu. Na farko waƙoƙi na farko mitkevich ya rubuta a kan samartaka. Ya fi son koya.
Training don ilimi da aiki ya taimaka kar a karɓi tallafin karatu kuma ka je Jami'ar Valeen, wanda ya zama ɗan littafin da ya kasance a 1815. Da farko, babban da aka mayar da hankali game da mitskevich shi ne kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi, amma a cikin shekara guda an tura saurayin da saurayin da na Pholy. Sha'awa a cikin wallafe-wallafe da tarihi sun juya don su fi karfi.
A sabon salon, dalibi ya fara karanta aikin gona na yau da kullun, nazarin harsuna na yau da kullun da kuma ziyartar laccoci na shahararrun malamai. Malaman sun taimaka wajen samar da halayyar da ke da alaƙa da gaskiya da abin da ke faruwa a duniya. Classic ra'ayoyin a cikin lafazin su an gauraye da sabon salon salon da suka kara dagula samari.
Tun daga 1817, mitskevich ya kasance a cikin sahun daliban da suka halarci cikin halittar Patriotic Jami'ar Jami'ar Jamiotic: Phylomates da Phylatov. 'Yan asalin ƙasar, sun yi gwagwarmaya saboda kiyaye yarensu da mutuncinsu ga darajar ƙasa, ana inganta taimako a cikin bukata. Daga baya, aka kirkiro da abin da suka yi imani da shi a cikin shirin siyasa.
Bayan ya karbi difloma a karshen jami'ar a cikin 1819, miskevich ya samu yiwuwar aiwatar da aikinta. An aiko shi zuwa birnin KOVNO, yanzu Kaunas. Da yake magana da irin wannan matakin, jami'ai mamaye Jami'ar Vilensky, yayi kokarin kare mawafin daga ƙungiyoyin asirin. Wani nau'in mahaɗin da aka sa farkon halittar halitta cikin Ruhun Romancecism. Mitskevich ya rubuta Ballads da waƙoƙi, suna bayyana ra'ayoyin sa da kuma layin rubutu.
Wallafa waƙoƙi
A cikin 1822, littafin da ya halatta a cikin waƙoƙin Adamu da waƙoƙin Adam Mitskevic ya bayyana. Na farko girma da aka kira "waƙoƙi" kuma sun haɗa da sanannen sake zagayowar "ballads da sanduna". Bayan shekara guda, suka buga ƙarar na biyu na littafin, wanda ya gabatar da wakar "Diada" da "Grazin".
Ayyukan zamantakewa na mawuyacin an haɗa shi da kerawa, wani bangare ya zama shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1823, Mitzkevich an kama shi a kan "shari'ar Ph'aomat". Yana cikin kurkuku, amma godiya ga abokansa a cikin 1824th an sake shi akan nufin. Bayan rabin shekara guda, an fitar da marubutan daga garin.
An tilasta masa ya tafi da tafiya zuwa St. Petersburg. Daga nan sai ya ziyarci Odessa, da Crimea, Moscow ya koma wajen babban birnin arewa. Tafiya ta dauki shekaru 5 kuma ta kawo mitskevich don sanin tare da hikimar halittar hankali ta Rasha. Bayan haka, ya tafi Turai ya ziyarci Italiya, Switzerland, Jamus. Mawayi ya zama mai sauraro laccoes na Hegel.
A cikin 1830, kumburin Nuwamba ya faru ne a Poland, kuma Mitzkevich ya yi kokarin komawa ƙasarta, amma ba a yarda da shi ba. Dole ne ya koma Paris kuma yana ci gaba da mugunta a Turai, wanda ya jagoranci marubucin zuwa Italiya.
Mitskevich marubuci ne. Tafiya ta ƙunshi taro na abubuwa daban-daban. Shawara 2 ya ƙunshi adadin rubuce-rubucen, Adamu ya kafa ginin shirinta a kan tarihin mutane da imani. Sun dogara da imani na soyayya, suna aika zuwa duniyar alheri, inda manyan abubuwan suka zama babban. Iyakar Ganuwa a cikin waɗannan ayyukan suna ta girgiza.
Mafi mashahuri rubuce rubucen wannan shugabanci shine "Paris", "Kalaman soyayya", "Sweenzing" da "SVitzan". Bayan tafiya a Rasha, an bayar da su ne Sonan biyu. Babban taken su ya zama bayanin yanayi da hadin kai tare da ɗan adam.
A cikin 1828 suka buga littafin "Konad Valeenrod. Labarin tarihi daga Lithuanania da Prussian. " Tsarin makirci ya nuna game da matakin da ya bayyana a karni na 14. Mai ba da labari, Jagora na Crusader, an sanya shi a cikin yanayin zabi tsakanin cututtukan kishin kasa da lambar Knight. Tare da taimakonsa, mitskevich ya bayyana kwarewar mahalarta a cikin kungiyar asirin wanda yake mallakar shi.
Manufar "labari na Vaiसot" da "Alpuhara" - yana aiki a cikin ayoyi, suna ƙaunar da masu karanta Rasha guda ɗaya, amma ba su da nauyin abu ɗaya ba. A Turai, mitskevich ya yi aiki akan ci gaba da waka na waka ". Da yawa daga cikin aikin, hada kai, ƙirƙirar abin da ake ciki suna gaya wa mashahurin imani da al'adun gargajiya, burin da jarumawar lamiri.
Wadannan yankuna suna da alaƙa da zamani wanda marubucin ya bayyana tsari dangane da batun cewa na Philmat. Aikin ya bayyana reincarnation na babban mutumin, daukaka kara ga Madaukaki da tambayar yin awo kan abin da ke faruwa a jihar da zalunci mutane. Kin amincewa da Sory Sonsiscin Dickskevich ya bayyana ta hanyar wani fantasy na shahararre.
Babban aikin pan Tadeusch mawaƙa da aka kirkira ne a cikin 1834 yayin zaman ta a Paris. Akwai layin da yawa iri daban-daban a ciki, godiya ga wanda rubutun ya zama waka ta ƙasa, babu analogu a cikin wallafe-wallake. Marubucin ya bayyana kungiyar Poland ta shirya don dawowar sojojin Napoleon. Ba a tabbatar da tabbataccen aikin ƙarshe ba ta hanyar gaskiya, sabanin zato na Adamu.
Baya ga waƙoƙi, mitskevich kuma yana sha'awar aikin jarida. A cikin 1840s, ya saki zagaye, wanda ake kiran masu sukar rubutu "zargi Lausanne." Ayyukan bayani a matsayin misalin Almasihu, abubuwan tsinkaya a cikin aikin marubucin zamani. Waƙoƙin da aka yi da hujjoji masu kyau wanda ya kamata ya zo don maye gurbin rushewa. An kwatanta su da zuwan Kristi na biyu, wanda zai iya watsa ƙa'idodin Kirista a ko'ina.
Morovesan Dali'u sun bayyana a cikin aikin fasaha yayin rubutun "zajadov" kuma a cikin "littafin Jama'a da mahajjata Poland", da aka buga a 1832. Marubucin ya yi iƙirarin cewa Poland kasa ce wacce mutanen da suka sami damar yin tsayayya da zalunci. Tunani na addini a cikin littafin da ya haifar da rashin yarda a cikin kwandon papal. A shekarar 1849, an buga laccoci ne cewa mawaƙin karanta a cikin kwaleji de Faransa. Ya koyar da Rasha, Polish, Czech da wallafen Serbia a cikin matsala tare da tarihi da zurfafa a cikin Mestianism a cikin grovaction tare da nasa ra'ayoyin.
Ayyukan Adam MIskevich suna da babban tasiri a kan al'adun Poland. A cikin wallafe-wallafen 19-20, da yawa sun bayyana da nassoshi game da ayyukansa. Rubuce-rubucen marubucin ya kafa tushen dan wasan na gargajiya na wasan kwaikwayon Polish. Ofaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin Cinema na Poland Cinema da aka kirkira akan wani fim ɗin annabta etde "pan Tadeush", harbe a shekara ta 2000.
Rayuwar sirri
Tarihin Adam Mitskevich ta bibiya yana da alaƙa da ayyukan zamantakewa da siyasa. Rayuwar sirri sau da yawa ya je zuwa bango, amma, kamar yadda kowane adadi ƙirƙira, misskevich ba wuya ga ji. Kasancewa dalibi na jami'a, yana jin tsoron ƙauna a karon farko. Mawaki da aka zaɓa ya zama Maryala Verhko.
Yarinyar ta kawo wa mawaƙan mawafi da kuma farkon abin da ke ji, amma farin cikinsu ba a ƙaddara shi ba. Mahaifin Maryli ya tsotse 'yar gundumar zuwa mita Tuttka, kuma bikin aurensu ya faru a 1821. Duk da asarar, mawaƙin ya riƙe ji saboda ƙaunataccen. Ta kasance gidansa na dogon lokaci.
A cikin 1834, mitskevich ya sami iyali. Matarsa ta zama sanannen shimanoovskaya, 'yar Panmist, wanda salon salon mawaƙi ya halarci, kasancewa cikin St. Petersburg. 6 Yara aka haife su da Alliance.
Tunda ayyukan zamantakewa koyaushe sun rinjayi su a cikin fifikon fifikon Adamu, bai gina sana'a ba, neman samar da iyali. Ayyukan E-Yin Fita na EDGagogical, miskevich bai manta game da kiran ba. A shekara ta 1841, inganta shi ne ke inganta Messianism da koyarwar asiri. Adamu ya fara gaya wa daliban wadanda ke sha'awar ka'idojinsa, wanda ya samu cirewa daga koyarwa, kuma a cikin 1851st yi murabus.
Mitskevich ya aika da karfin gwiwa ga kirkirar mai-zango, yana shelanta 'yancin Italians, kuma yana daga cikin masu tallata jari na Paris ". A cikin babban birnin Faransa a cikin 1852th, marubucin ya karbi matsayin ɗakin karatu a lokacin da Arsenal. Bayan shekara 3, matansa ya mutu. Kula da yara sun damu da uba ƙasa da abubuwan siyasa. An ba shi yin tunani game da samuwar sabuwar Tarayyar Polish.
Mutuwa
A shekara ta 1855, Mitzkevich ya tafi Konstantinople, makaman da ke kusa da kirkirar sabon tsari. Manufarta ita ce hada da Faransanci na Faransa da Ingila a cikin yaƙin da ke cikin Russia a yakin Crimean. Wani mawaƙi ya yi wahayi zuwa ga sabon shirin. Ta hanyar da ya fadi rashin lafiya, wanda ya zama sanadiyyar kisa. Jikin Adam Mitskevich binne a Paris. A cikin 1890, an cire ragowar zuwa Krakow, inda aka ɗaura su a cikin Wawel Cathedral.Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga rayuwar mawuyaki, kerawa da kuma shirin bayyana misalin marubucin, bincike da kuma nazarin ayyuka. Gudummawar ga falsafar da kuma yanayin zamantakewa na wannan lokacin bayan mutuwar marubucin. A Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan da Paris shigar da abubuwan tunawa da girmamawa. A cikin ɗakin karatu na Poland a cikin Paris akwai gidan kayan tarihi na mawaki, wanda ɗansa ya kafa ta a cikin 1903.
Littafi daya
- 1817 - "Mohnor, yarima Novogrufrufrudak"
- 1822 - 1 tom "wawaye",
- 1823 - 2 tom "woalry",
- 1823 - "Diada"
- 1826 - "Sonanets"
- 1828 - "Konad Vallenrod"
- 1832 - "Littafin Jama'a da mahajjatan Yunkana"
- 1832 - Mutuwar Kanal "
- 1834 - Pan Tadeush