Tari
Vasily Klyucchevsky - Huhun Masana tarihin Rasha, wanda ya rayu kuma yayi aiki a ƙarshen ƙarni na XIX-XX ƙarni. Tarihinsa misali ne na mamakin iyawa da kuma aiki mai ma'ana. Sumy ya tashi daga kasan ya shiga cikin jama'a masu ilimi, ya ba da gudummawa ga kimiyya.Daga cikin yabo na Klyucchsky - Kirkirar "Tarihin Rasha" a cikin sassa 5 da ya sanya wa mulkin mallaka Rasha kamar yadda yake ci gaba da ci gaba na tarihi. Ayyukan kimiyya na malamin tarihi, mai goyan bayan kudu masani ne ga Soviet zamanin nan, kawai a cikin zamani da ayyukansa na zamani ya bayyana a cikin sabuwar fassarar.
Yaro da matasa
Vasily Osipich Klyuchchsky an haife shi ne a ranar 16 ga Janairu (Janairu 28 don sabon salo) na 1941 a ƙauyen Fenkresenovka da Parish firist na Osip Kuevsky.
Klyucchevsky ya rayu sosai a hankali, idan ba zai faɗi ba - talauci. Kuma lokacin da yake da shekara 9, da dangi kuma akwai mummunan busa - takaici sun mutu Uba. Ya dawo gida daga kasuwar birni kuma ya shiga tsawa mai ƙarfi: Dawakai sun yi watsi da sansanin, mutumin ya ɓace da ruwa. Farin da aka fara samo jikin mahaifin kuma daga girgiza tsawon lokaci ya zama mashaya.
Sauran ba tare da wani abun burodi ba, Klyucchevsky ya koma Penza, inda suka shiga cikin kula da Penza Diocese. Wasu daga cikin abokai na Uba sun bar su karamin gida, da marayu da mata gwauruwa. Don yin karatu a cikin makarantar ruhaniya. Amma saboda tsoho, kayan horarwar ba za su iya shawo kan ba, barazanar cire haɗin kai.
Macewar mahaifiya ta sauƙaƙe ɗalibi ɗaya don aiki tare da ɗanta. Kuma kodayake saurayi ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci kuma yaurin taurin kai, sakamakon ya yi kama da mu'ujiza. Matasa Kylyuchsky ba wai kawai overcame statteting, amma kuma ya zama mai magana mai kyau. Bayan kammala karatun daga makarantar, a cikin 1856 ya shiga cikin ruhaniya ya zama. Dole ne ya zama firist domin yana kan abubuwan da aka samu a cikin diocese.
Koyaya, a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, malamin ya yi magana da mai ƙarfin hali - ginshiƙi kafa saboda "mummunan lafiya." A zahiri, matsanancin yanke shawarar shiga Jami'ar Moscow, wanda dalibi ya zama, ya ci dukkan cikas, a cikin 1861. Mutumin ya zabi ilimin Pholy na Pholy.
Tarihi
Raarfin rayuwar manila da tsoratar da ɗalibin lardi a lokaci guda. Ya yi kokarin rike da gefen da'irar siyasa, tarzoma da sauran dalibi "hutu". Klyucchevsky ya yi aiki a matsayin malami ya ciyar da 'yan'uwa mata da mahaifiya. A cikin 1864-1865, mutumin ya kammala karatunsa a jami'a. Aikin 'yan takarar nasa shi ne sunan "labarin baki game da jihar Moscow" kuma ya sami babban kimantawa. Digiri ya sami lambar yabo ta zinare ya bar malanta a sashen don shirya wa ma'aikatan aikin.
Takaddun Jagora Klyischevsky wanda aka sadaukar da sabon abu da ban mamaki "tsohuwar russiwani rayuwar tsarkaka a matsayin tushen tarihi." Masanin tarihi ya yi aiki a kan aikin shekaru 5, ya yi karatu kusan rayuka dubu, ana gudanar da binciken kimiyya. Bayan kariya mai kyau a cikin 1871 ya sami 'yancin koyarwa a jami'o'i.
Farkon wurin aiki na farko na Matasan malamin makaranta shi ne makarantar soja na Alexander, wanda ya koya wa tsarin tarihin farko, yana maye gurbin malaminsa na Sergieo solox.
A cikin layi daya, ya karanta laccoci a Ma'aikatar Tarihi a cikin Motoly Cibiyar Kwalejin Moscow da kuma a ranar 1879 - a Jami'ar Mobcow. Dalili Klyucchevsky na tsawon shekarun aikin aikin ne kawai dangi ne kawai: laccoci ya karanta tare da irin wannan babbar sha'awa, har ma ya tara ɗalibai rafukan, har ma sun tattara ɗalibai rafukan, har ma sun tattara ɗalibai. Masanin tarihi yana haifar da misalai da ba tsammani, kalubalanci abubuwan da aka yarda da ra'ayi, fillet tare da kwatancen da aphorisms, da rai da amsa tambayoyi masu haske.
A cikin jawabansa, malami ya shirya dukkan hotunan hotunan tarihi, ciki har da hotunan da na Rasha. Misali, kalamai na kwarai game da Elizabet Elizabeth Petrovna da Catherine II, lokacin da Bitrus yayi kyau a kan kursiyin Rasha. " A zahiri, Keluchevsky ya fara magana game da wakilan zuriyar Rasha kamar talakawa ba su ba da wuya ga kasawar ɗan adam ba.
A cikin 1882, danshi mai rauni Osipovich ya kare halayensa na Doctoral "Boyskaya Dama dussia" kuma ya zama farfesa na cibiyoyin ilimi guda hudu. Ba a kula da nasarorin da martani ba daga farkon Farfesa daga farkon jihar.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1890s, an rubuta manyan ayyuka na tarihi: "Rashanci rubutar ƙarni na XVI-XVIII. A cikin girmamawa ga yanzu "(1884)," Asalin Serfom a Rasha "(1885)," Evgeny Orger da kakanninsa "(1887) da wasu.
Daga shekarar 1893 zuwa 1895, Klyucchevsky ya koya wa tarihin dan Sarki Alexander III - babban yarima George Alexandrovich. A wannan halin, yana da wurin da mutum na mutum na sarki, ya kusa ga dangin sarauta, yana cikin al'ummarsu. Duk da aiki, ci gaba da bincike na bincike, yana samar da "gajeriyar izni don sabon tarihi", bugu na uku na "Boyar Dura na Russia".
A cikin 1900, farfesa ya riga ya ziyarci matsayin shugaban na cewa Phornan Jami'ar Moscow, da Mataimakin Shugaban wannan Jami'a, da kuma zababbiyar gwamnatin Rasha ta Rasha, har ma da shugaban Rasha na tarihin Rasha. Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kimiyya.
Farkon sabuwar karni alama ce ta kungiyar Grand Prodest of KUEVSKY "TALIMALI NA RASHION" a cikin sassa 5. Ana iya faɗi cewa wannan aikin rayuwarsa ne: Shirya littafin littafin ya wuce shekaru 30.
A ciki, farfesa tana da ka'idar sassan tarihi guda huɗu: Dniprovskaya Rus (tushen tattalin arziƙi - ciniki), Gudanar da Sarakuna da yawa (Gudanar da sarakuna da Boy Duma), Rasha Russia (Ginin Hadin Kansi - Manyan Gidaje, Ci gaban Tattalin arzikin).
A cikin 1906, Klyuchesky ya bar karatun ruhaniya, wanda ya yi aiki na shekaru 36, duk da zanga-zangar daliban. Yanzu malami yana karanta laccoci a makarantar zane na zane, gine-gine da gine-gine, da masu saularen sa sun kasance masu fasaha da yawa da masu fasaha.
Vasily Osipovich ya bari ba kawai wani babban littafi nebhibraphy, amma kuma duka ƙarni na ɗalibai masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke da kwarai masana kimiyya. Daga gare su, Pavel Milyukov, Matvey Lutavsky, Alexander Kizshevs, Mikhail Bogoslovsky, Mikhail Bogoslovsky, Sergey Bakhruhin.
Rayuwar sirri
A ƙarshen shekarun 1860, maras muhimmanci, ya riga ya zama malami a cikin rayuwar sirri, ya fara kula da Anna Borodina - tsoffin 'yar'uwar sa. Amma Anna ya yi watsi da bangon malamin tarihi, yana son sadaukar da kansa ga omphannet ne.
Ba tsammani, da kylyuchevsky na duka a cikin 1869 aure Anna ya aure anger - ANNA, WANDA A CIKIN WANANSA NE " Tana da shekaru 32, kuma tana da shekara 3 fiye da ango, amma ba kunya ta Klyuchsky ba ce.
Labaran nan suna bayyana kimiyya da nisa daga zane na gargajiya na kyakkyawa ta mutum, ya danganta masa bayyanar Parish: fuskar da ba makawa, wani fadin gemu, wani magana mai rauni ba. Amma ya cancanci mutum ya ɗauki tattaunawa, a matsayin abin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ya bayyana.
Rahoton Klyuchevsky ya ba da rahoton rahoton da 'yan matan suka kwashe ta bayan rayuwa gaba daya ga juna. Amma Aamia ba ta kusa da ruhun mutumin ga osipelich ba. Amma tare da 'yan uwanta mata - Anna da begen - Kylyuchsky sun goyi bayan wanda ya isa ya gyara.
Amma ANICICIC Mikhailovna ya kula da rayuwa, gida da tattalin arziki, saboda a cikin wadannan al'amura, kamar yadda yawancin masana kimiyya, matattarta ba ta da amfani. Ma'aurata masu aure sun kawo ne kawai ɗan Boris, wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Moscow kuma ta taimaka wa Ubansa a cikin ayyukan kimiyya, alhali bashi da burin sa.
Hakanan, 'yar mahaifinsa Elizabeth Kornev ya girma kan hakkokin' yar farfesa a cikin iyali. Yarinyar a cikin 1906 da da ewa ba ta mutu ba daga Chakhoto. Bayan shekaru 3, Annice Mikhailovna ya mutu - matar ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin daya daga cikin tafiyar ta shiga haikalin.
Mutuwa
Ga Klyuchevsky, mutuwar matarsa ta ci gaba da busa, bayan da bai murmure ba. Mafificin Kimiyya da Malami ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Mayu (Mayu 25, a cikin sabon salo) na 1911 a Moscow saboda rashin lafiya. Kabarin osipolicich yana kusa da makabartar don kada kuri'a.
A cikin tunawa da tarihin tarihi a 1991, gidan kayan gidansa a cikin Penza ya buɗe. Bayyanawa yana cikin ginin tunawa inda mai farin ciki ya rayu. A wannan shekarar, an buɗe murfin da kuma plaque plaque a cikin ƙauyen ɗan ƙasar Vossennovka. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2008, an kafa wani abin tunawa ga Vasilia Kuznetsova a Penza.
Faɗa
"Kasancewa makwabta ba sa nufin kusanci." "Don yin farin ciki da rashin hankali kwata-kwata, amma kawai mummunan al'ada ne na tunanin da karfi." "Axioma ita ce gaskiya ce cewa Shaida bai isa ba. "Littafi daya
- 1866 - "Delaves of kasashen waje game da jihar Moscow"
- 1871 - "Tsohuwar Rasha na rayuwar tsarkaka"
- 1872 - "Sayayya ta PSKOV"
- 1878 - "Labari na abubuwan al'ajabi na alamar alamar Vladimir ta mahaifiyar Allah"
- 1880 - "Boyskaya Dama dussia"
- 1885 - "Asalin Serfom a Rasha"
- 1887 - "Evgeny Onegren da Kubanninsa"
- 1890 - "Abun da ke wakiltar wakilcin A Zemstvo Cathedrals na tsohuwar Russia"
- 1904-19222 - "zagaye tarihin Rasha"