Tarihi
Gertt brecht wani fitaccen hoto ne na karni na 20. Ya kuma rubuta ayyukan masu zaman kansu, wanda daga baya ya karbi sigar aiki akan matakin wasan kwaikwayon. Yi aiki da maimaitawa, Brecht ya samar da ra'ayin, Cibiyar wacce ita ce gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Dangane da wasan kwaikwayo, gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya kamata watsa shirye-shirye, kuma ba gani ba, roko ga hankali, kuma ba ga yadda mutane ke ji ba. Wannan alkawarin da aka nuna a wasannin da ya zama gargajiya na wasan kwaikwayo na duniya: "Mutumin kirki daga Seushana," in ji Mr. Punalla da bawansa "," ziyartar Mury. "
Darakta Branchtu ne game da ra'ayin "sakamakon musayar" tsakanin bangon da dan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda a matakin ya zama halin wasan kwaikwayon. Marubucin na ka'idar da aka gabatar don gabatar da nau'ikan da ba a tsammani na jama'a da kuma bayyana abubuwan da ba a iya tsammani ba, suna nuna aikin ilimi, bayyanar da matsayinsa da ikonsa na tantancewa. Ya bambanta wannan tausayi na gargajiya, fitowar wanda a mai kallo, a cewar Classics, shine babban burin nuna aikin. Littafin "Ka'idar wasan kwaikwayon epic" yana bayanin ra'ayoyin Brecht a kan wannan.
Tarihin halitta
Wasan "Mamash mai ƙarfi da 'ya'yanta" ya rubuta' ya'ya maza "a cikin 1939, a bakin ƙofa na duniya II. Farkon wasan ya faru a shekarar 1941 a Zurich. Sannan marubucin ya shirya wannan bayanin a kan matakin "Berliner na yada shi. Ka'idojin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Epic, sun yi shela a matsayin madadin litattafan litattafan ne, an sake su cikin aikin. Gyara da juyin juya halin, Brecht tsinkaye fasaha na tunani a matsayin hanya zuwa ga samuwar farawar aji.
Wasan "ƙarfin hali" wanda aka bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na lokacin yakin shekara talatin, wanda ya faru a karni na 17. Wuraren da aka yi amfani da shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru don ƙirƙirar makirci don faɗakar da mai kallo daga maimaitawar tserewar jini. La'akari da cewa shirun da aminci game da manufofin karfin zamani shine "ƙaramin" ɗan adam, mai ban sha'awa don manta game da rashin hankali don dakatar da rashin kulawa ga ɓata.
Babban aikin da yake fuskantar wasan wasan shine matar mai suna Anna samar da. WidTattaant sanannu ne sunan barkwanci Mama ƙarfin hali kuma ya yi tafiya ta hanyar hanyoyin soja a cikin motar, cike da kayayyaki masu mahimmanci. Kamfanin da yara suka yi: 'Ya'ya biyu da' yar da 'yar. Brecht ya gabatar da hoton mace a maɓallin da ba a zata ba. ANNA ya yi wani mai arziki yana ƙoƙarin amfana da yaƙi. Ata, wahalar mutum, yunwar da talauci ba su da mahimmanci. Duk abin da ta damu da ita ita ce dama ta tabbatar.
A makirci na wasan ya shafi tsawon shekaru 12, a lokacin da rayuwar babban halayyar ba ta canzawa. Yakin ya ɗauki yaran, ta faɗi, ya canza, amma ba su rasa tsohuwar babbar sha'awa ba. Yana da rahoton yakin don ba ta wani abinci, ƙarfin MILF ba tare da wani taimako ba yana bin motar da kaya tare da kaya.
Brecht ya ba da hankali ga cikakken nazarin hoton babban gwarzo. Hotunan mata masu kyau ta ƙunshi ta haila da farin ciki na rayuwa ba su dace da jijiya ta kasuwanci ba, musamman ta hanyar kallon al'ada. Babban halin an tattauna masu satar da masana tarihi a matsayin sabon sabon abu a cikin littattafan Jamusanci da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta hanyar wannan halin, Brecht na so ya isar da masu sauraron ra'ayi, suna barin rabo na gwarzon a hannunta a hannunta.
Masu sukar sun yi watsi da wasan kwaikwayo na kirkirar hoton da aka tabbatar akan kwayar cutar ta Pessimistic. Tryoƙarin tsira daga kuɗin yaƙi, Mama Kurazh yana kawo hadayarta.
"Mamash yana da ƙarfin hali da 'ya'yanta" - aikin da ya zama misalin na yau da kullun na zamani. Sau da yawa jagororin suna inganta shi ne ke inganta manufofin masu juyawa, waɗanda ba sa tsoron iya kalubalantar kayan aikin jama'a da masu wasan kwaikwayo. Shahararren mai aiki na manyan mata game da wasan kwaikwayon na wasan akan wani misali shine Eleena wayel, matar grtt brecht. Wasan ya kasance a cikin russia a cikin lokacin yaƙi kuma sau da yawa bayyana a cikin repertoire a cikin Soviet lokutan.
A karo na farko a Moscow, Nikolai Okhlopkov, wanda ya yi aiki a wasan kwaikwayon na Moscow bayan an yanke shawarar yin aikin Breakt. A shekarar 1960, farkon wasan ya faru, babban aikin da Judith ya yi. An kira aikin da m da baƙin ciki, wanda ya dace da mawasta na ayyukan ayyukan Jamusawa.
Yawancin wasan da aka yi a wasan ba su cika da Ruhu ba da mahimmanci ga marubucin. Suna da ɗaukacin wahayi, kira kuma sun musanta. Aikin shi ne aikin Mark Zakharov a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow, inda Tatiana Fetzer ya yi magana da hoton Mamashi.
Directorori na zamani galibi suna juya zuwa aikin Brecht. Daga cikin shahararrun masu samar da masu samarwa da suka yi aiki a cikin jiki a wasan, wanda ya zama mafi kusa misali na wasan wasan kwaikwayon Epic: Alexander Morhov, Yuri Betov da Valery Fun.
Fegi
Aikin a cikin aikin ya bayyana a cikin yakin da shekara talatin, a lokacin da Jamus ta dade da wulakanci, ya kai wannan bala'i. A cikin 1642, an tattara sojojin, wanda aka aika da harin a Poland. Masu karantun da marubucin da marubucin ya gabatar da marubucin yana wakiltar masu sauraro. Mama Varfi, Tare da yara, yawo a kan hanyoyi, suna siyar da skarr. Daya daga cikin sabon sanannun lallashe dan wanda ya shiga soja, kuma mutumin mai suna Elif ya bar motar motar Markattika.
Ganawar Guy tare da iyali yana faruwa shekaru biyu bayan haka. Ona Momashid mai ƙarfin hali kuma yana alfahari da fa'idodin sojoji, wanda ke tare da jini da tsokanar cuta. Shekaru uku daga baya, ɗan na biyu na Mamashi ƙarfin hali ya zama ma'ajiyar Finnish, kuma ta yi aiki mai kyau tare da shi. A cikin ɗayan hare-hare na Katolika, inda Register Vold ya zama, Luthan karfin gwiwa ya zama a cikin motar sa, kare baitulmalin da suka kare daga abokan gaba.
Schwearterskas ɗan Schwerarterskas sunadarai Katolika na Katolika. Adana yaro, ƙarfin gwiwa a shirye yake don yin sadaukarwa, amma tana asarar shi: Sojan ya jefa shi cikin rafi, lokacin da ya lura da farawa. An kashe gawarwakin Switzerland, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin hali ya sake aika wa tarnaƙi a Turai. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, an kashe wani sarki Sweden a karkashin Lutzen, kuma har wani lokaci ya yi sarauta. Duk da cewa abubuwa sun tafi raguwa, ƙarfin hali yana da murna saboda bai rasa wasu yara ba.
Duniya tana kawo matsalarta matsala ba kasa da yaƙi ba. Tsohon rashin gaskiya na ɗan Elifa a cikin kyakkyawan kwanaki ana ɗaukar wani laifi ne, kuma wani kwanan nan ya haifar da harbi. Yaki ya sake farawa. Jahadan karfin zuciya, cikin jahilcin mutuwar ɗa na biyu, ya ci gaba da tafiya a cikin tsohuwar hanyar motar motar.
Bayan shekara 16, yaƙin ya ƙare duk albarkatun kuɗi da na mutane. Ƙarfin hali da dafa shi, tauraronta, kurciya. Ba zato ba tsammani suruki na Mamashi hali ya zo da wasiƙa cewa yana da ƙaramar gado a cikin gidan abinci. Jarumin ya kira matar da ke da kansa, amma tare da yanayin cewa za ta bar 'yar. Haɗin kai ya ƙi kuma tare da 'yarsa Katrin yayi balaguro a Jamus a cikin Karamar Karashi. A daya daga cikin tsayawar Catherine, overarada da shirin abokan gaba, ba da tsoro game da tsoro, kuma an kashe shi. Mama ƙarfin ƙarfin Mama ya sake farawa a kan hanya.