Charles de Gaulle - hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, shugaban Faransa

Tari

Charles de Gaulle, shugaba na motsi yana da sha'awar al'amuran soja a cikin yara, a matasan sa, ya koyar da fasaha, mafarkin kasancewa a fagen fama. A cikin hanyoyi da yawa, godiya ga ladin da fasaha na nazarin abokan gaba, an 'yantar da Faransa daga zalunci Na Nazi Jamus a 1944. Yanzu De Gaulle babban adadi na tarihi yana zaune a jere ɗaya tare da Napoleon I.

Yaro da matasa

Charles Andre Joseph Marie De Gaulle an haife shi ne a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1890 a cikin Faransa Lille. Uku na uku na yara biyar na furofesoshin littattafan da tarihin Henri de Gaulle da Zhahna (a manyan 'yan kasuwa masu yawan' yan kasuwar da 'ya'ya mata.

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'Yan'uwan Uban nan mata da mazaunan' yan'uwansu uku da 'yan'uwa kuwa suka gaya game da tarihin Faransa, ya ƙarfafa sha'awar yara zuwa falsafa da azuzuwan farko. Mahaifiyar Mata, wacce ta yi magana yadda ta yi kuka yayin sakewa ta hanyar sallama a cikin 1870, sun tura Charles a cikin nazarin warfare.

Tuni a 10, Charles na kakanin mutane: tarihin tarihi, ayyukan masana falsafa Henriesch, Friedrich Netgsche, Immanuel Kant, PLANOY. Matasa Charles na yi mafarki na fansa kan Jamus don 1870. Yana da shekara 15, yaron ya rubuta "Janar De Gaulle" Janar Deaulle, "yana gabatar da kansa ta hanyar mai mulkin sojojin Faransa za su samu nasara.

Aikin soja

Kyakkyawan aiki a cikin haɗuwa a cikin Paris ya ba da cikakken matsayi a cikin Siri na Makarantar soja na musamman na Santa-Sir-Sir a 1909. An ce saurayin ya ja-goranci ga wani marubuci ko tarihi, amma ya zaɓi wata hanya ta daban don faranta wa Uba. Daga baya a cikin "ambaliyar soja" dejiirst "dejiifs ya rubuta:

"Shigowa cikin jerin sojoji shine babban abin da ya faru a cikin tarihin na."

Saurayi ya yi aiki a cikin kaburburan Faransa na 33 na Faransa - rabo wanda ya ɗauki sashi a ƙarƙashin yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙarƙashin Borodino, Austerlitz, yaƙin Vagram. Ta yi umarni da Philipe Pheren, wanda ya zama mai jagoranci De Gaulle na shekaru 15 masu zuwa.

A watan Agusta 1914, yakin duniya na farko ya zo wa Faransa. An jefa yawan kabilun 33 na 33 a cikin hankali a cikin Halin Dynan na Birnin. Kwanaki 3 bayan shigowar zuwa yaƙi tare da Jamusawa de Geulle rauni a gwiwa. A karo na biyu, harsashi ya fada cikin hannun hagu. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Jin daɗin cutar, an yanke shi, don haka Charles duk rayuwarsa aka tilasta sanya zoben aure a hannun dama.

A lokacin raunin na uku, De Gaulle ya rasa sani da kuma kama Jamusawa tsawon watanni 32 watanni. Ya yi kokarin gudu sau 5: Hid a cikin kwandon mai wanki, ya haƙa rami a bango, har ma ya ba da kansa ga jinya. Mutumin ya fadi cikin tunani a tunanin cewa yakin ya tafi ba tare da kasancewarsa ba. Dearle ta nasara hadu har zuwa bauta, kuma a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1918 ta dawo gida.

Bayan yakin duniya na farko, De Gaulle ya umurce da ƙuruciya a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Rasha a 1919-1921, ya karanta lacca ayyukan yi. Daga Satumba 1927, an naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin na 19 na fitinar sojojin Faransa.

Charles ya yi imani cewa zaku iya samun nasara tare da taimakon tankuna da kuma menu masu sauri. A shekara ta 1934, wani mutum da aka saki "roko ga sojoji" ("L'Armée de Métiier"), wanda ya gabatar da canji na dakaru. Dearle ya yi iƙirarin cewa zai iya cin nasarar yaƙi da jarirai dubu 100 da tankuna dubu 3. A ranar Hauwa'u ta yakin duniya na biyu, Bafaranshe ya nada kwamandan 80 "huhu" huhun tankuna, wanda ya kira "ƙura".

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Star awa ya kara ga gaivel a 1940. A ranar 10 ga Mayu, Jamus ta sanar da Turai zuwa Turai, a ranar 15 ga Mayu ya karye. Rarraba Charles ya kasance lashe lokaci. A ranar 17 ga Mayu, kwamandan ya rasa 23 daga cikin tankuna 90, don gobe da karfin ya kai raka'a 150 na fasaha. Fierce Yakin De Gaulle ya tilasta wa Jamusawa na dogon lokaci da za a koma baya a cikin comono. Mayu 23 Gama Mayu ga masu ƙarfin yabo sun kira Gabaɗaya.

Gwamnatin Faransa ba ta son yakin. Tare tare da Winston Churchill, firayim Ministan Grefen Birtaniya, hukuma ta Jamhuriyar ce ta makara tare da Jamus. Kada ku shimfiɗa hannunka zuwa abokan gaba, ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1940 De Gaulle a fadin rediyon Firimiya don ƙirƙirar motsi. Yuni 22 ga Yuni, Faransa da Jamus sun sanya hannu kan makara.

Ayyukan Siyasa

A Faransa, yanayin Vichy ya kafa, a cikin wasu kalmomin - sana'a. Winston Churchill ya fahimci cewa wani mai matukar iya warware zobe kamar yadda de Gaulle. A ranar 24 ga Yuni, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya ya yarda da de Geulle "shugaban duk Faransanci kyauta kuma umurci shi da samar masa da ingantacciyar hanyar shiga cikin Faransa.

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Daida ne shekara daya, a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1941, de Gaulle gyara lamba tare da Joseph Stalin, Jonan Ma'anar USSR. Ya tallafa wa Faransa "Daga Air": Union De Gaulle da Stalin ya haifar da kirkirar tatsuniyoyin "NormanDanDy-Neman". Wadannan jirgin sama sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaki da hadin gwiwar Hitler.

A shekara ta 1944, de Gaulle ya hadu a cikin gwarzo ya kare ta Paris: an danganta shi ga 'yanci na Faransa daga aikin. A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Charles ya shugabanci gwamnatin wucin gadi.

Kasar da yakin da yakin ya bukaci sake fasalin tsarin jihar. Kafin wannan hadari, de Gaulle ya tashi: A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1945 ya bar matsayin shugaban gwamnatin wucin gadi saboda jayayya game da kamannin kungiyar Faransa, da kuma yawancin 'yan siyasa sun ba da shawarar Ikon majalisar dokoki a kan gwamnati.

Charles ya bayyana wasan yara ne ta hudu (Faransa a lokacin 1946-1958), suna kiran kanta kawai mai neman damar gudanar da jihar. Baicin siyasa ba su ji roƙonsa ba, sannan de Gaulle ya tafi na tsawon shekaru 5 don zama a Kolomba-Le-Dzooz-Egliz, mai watsi da mulkin mallaka na Faransa.

Anan, Janar ya rubuta sanannen "membobin soja" a cikin 3 ya kunshe: "Kira", "hadin kai". Ya yi tunani game da yakin, ya gabatar da kansa a hannun Helm na jihar, ya ce Faransa ta kasance a hannun abin da zai iya haɗarin mutane. "

Rikicin ciki de Gaulle ya ƙare rikicin a Faransa. Rashin yakin Algeria, talauci da rashin aikin yi ya jagoranci Jamhuriyar mai hadari, kuma a qarshe ya juya zuwa de Gaulle tare da abin da ya kamata ya juya ya "dokar" amincewa da "amincewa da". Dan siyasa yayi magana a rediyo tare da tabbacin cewa "shirye don daukar dukkan ikon Jamhuriyar." A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1958, an sanar da De Gaulle a majalisar ministocin.

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A wannan karon, shugabannin Faransa sun yarda da shawarwarin Dearle game da shawarwarin jihar. Ya mallaki ikon sarrafa kasar ya kasance a hannun shugaban, wanda ya nada ministoci kuma sama da kowa shine Firayim Minista. Postatulates ya kafa tushen tsarin mulki, a cewar wacce Faransa ke zaune yanzu. Ana bayar da tallafin babban takaddar jihar a shekarar 1958 don samuwar Jamhuriyar ta biyar a karkashin jagorancin de Gaulle.

An ba da aikin De Mainle, da farko, a kan manufofin kasashen waje. A shekarar 1960, ya sauke karatu daga Vietnam da Kambodiya, a shekarar 1962, Algeria da manyan jihohin Afirka. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suke ƙaunar Faransa ta kasance, haka nan da "budding" na Dandalin Gararle ya ba da tallafi ga duniya mataki.

A shekarar 1965, Faransa ta fito daga NATO, ta ki yin amfani da dala a lissafin kasa da kasa. Ga ƙasar, kudin diflomasiyya shine daidaitaccen na zinare. Canje-canje sun faru ne a cikin manufofin cikin gida na Jamhuriyar ta biyar. De Garulle ya yi ya inganta ga halittar makamin makaman makaman makaman nukiliya, saboda mallake su yana nufin zama ikon duniya. Gwajin abu mai haɗari ya daina ne kawai tare da isowar Mitteriyan Francois a 1981.

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A shekarar 1965, wa'adin shekaru 7 na hukumar De Gaulle ta kusanci karshen. M game da iyawarsa, dan siyasa ya dage kan gabatarwar za a gabatar da zabe na kai tsaye, wato, ta hanyar sananniyar kara. Motsa yana da haɗari: de Gaulle ya zira 54%, kuma 45% - Mitteran, wanda Mitteran, wanda ya yi magana da sukar mai wuya na Jamhuriyar ta biyar.

Kwararrun makamai, waɗanda ba masu sauƙi ba ne ta hanyar mutane masu sauƙi, kofar da gonakin abinci mai sauƙi, da na gaba a talabijin da rediyo, rediyon, sun ba da gudummawa ga kaifi a cikin shahararsa. An kira siyasa "tashi tare da mai mulkin mallaka tare da cilats." Tsari na kokarin a De Garulle ya karu. Af, rayuwarsa tana cikin haɗarin rikodin lokacin sau - 32.

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A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1968, ɗalibai sun yi murabus ga tsohon shugaban kasa. Jami'ar da ake bukata don bude wani jami'in ilimin halayyar dan adam na jami'an Paris, wanda aka rufe bayan makamancin haka da karfi kan iko, ya musulunta a tawayen kasa. Mutane miliyan 10 sun tafi tituna. Don ya ceci kasar daga yakin basasa, shugaban ya ba da shawarar bayar da shi ga "manyan iko" don "sabuntawa" na "Faransa" na Faransa, amma abin da daidai bai ayyana ba. An yi tayin a cikin bayonets.

Rayuwar sirri

A watan Afrilu 6, 1921, Ivonna Wandru ya zama matarsa ​​De Gaulle. Rayuwarsu farin ciki rayuwar ku ta kasance rabin karni, har sai mutuwar de Gaulle a shekarun 1970s.Shiga cikin hotunan getty

A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1921, ɗan Filibus kuwa ya haifi gidan, wanda aka ba shi suna bayan Filibus. A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1924, 'yar Elibiya ya bayyana ga duniya, kuma a cikin Anna, wanda ya sha wahala daga ƙasa. Yarinyar ta rayu shekara 20. Cutar ta cutar da ta ga Gaulle ta zama amintar da tushen yaran da ke gudana.

Murabus da mutuwa

De Garulle "Sabuntawar sabuntawar shine sake tsara matsayin majalisar a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, wanda yake hidima don amfanin 'yan kasuwa da ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Anyi tsammanin cewa wannan zai ci nasara. Bayan gyara a kan kuri'ar raba gardama, de Gaulle ya yi la'akari da cewa idan ba za a tallafa ba, zai yi murabus ba. A watan Afril 28, 1969, De Gaulle, da ya koyi sakamakon, Telegraithed Firgor Ministan kasar daga Colombe:

"Na daina cika ayyukan shugaban kasar. Wannan shawarar ta shiga karfi a yau a tsakar rana. "

Rayuwar siyasa ta canza zuwa rayuwarsa ta annashuwa tare da matarsa ​​Ivon da 'yarta Elizabeth a Ireland da Spain. De Garulle ya rubuta "Memoirs na bege", wanda bai da lokacin gama, ya kai ne kawai har zuwa 1962.

9 ga Nuwamba, 1970, ba kasa da wata daya ba, ba tare da tsira har zuwa bikin tunawa da 80th ba, Charles de Gaulle ya shuɗe. Sanadin mutuwa shi ne rata na Aorga. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, an binne mutumin a kan makabartar makusanci a Colombe kusa da 'yar anna. Kuna hukunta ta hoton kabarin, daga baya mahaifin ƙarshe tare da dangi ya kasu da Ivonna. Catafald a Charles ya kasance mai matukar eccentric - mai karba mai karba tare da hasumiya mai rauni.

Tunani

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mulkin Deulle ba shine mafi mashahuri adadi ba, amma a cikin tunawa da shi a Faransa, na biyu a tarihi (bayan na na Napoleon I) ya ayyana makoki. Rahoton tsohon shugaban kasa, wanda ya maye gurbinsa Georges Pompiduhu ya ce:

"Janar De Gaulle ya mutu, malamin addini ya mutu."

Sunan De Gaulle ne bayan filin jirgin sama a cikin filin jirgin sama a Paris, yankin da aka sanya Arcumph, mai ɗaukar kaya jirgin sama. Kusa da filayen elysee a cikin 2000 abin tunawa ya bayyana. Af, abin hawa na biyu yana tsaye a cikin Moscow a gaban Hotel "Cosmos", kuma ana ambaton yankin Charles de Gaulle.

Lambobin yabo

• Legion na girmamawa
• Odar National "don cancanta"
• Ba da umarnin 'yanci
• Oda na Black Star
• Alamar Royal Cambodia.
• Umarni na sarki na Dragonn Annama
• Oda na tauraron dan adam
• Oda "don yabo zuwa Tarayyar Jamus"
• Oda "don yabo ga Jamhuriyar Italiya"
• Umarni na Royal
• Tsari na Renaissance na Poland.
• Umarnin farin fure na Finland
• Ba da umarnin giwaye miliyan da fari laima
• Oda na Mai Ceto