Tari
Labarin makircin bakin ciki don Quixote Laman da Starsa squire Surcho flevers godiya ga marubucin Miguel De Cervantes. Yanzu soyayyen saƙo ne na littattafan duniya, amma a lokaci guda littafin ya bauta wa sirrin da ya yi - De Cervantes ya ci gaba da mutuwa har ma yana barazanar mutuwa.Yaro da matasa
Miguel De Skerantes an haife shi ne a watan Satumbar 29, 1547 a cikin garin kasar Sipaniya na Alcala de Enares. Darasi, a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, a cikin Santa Maria La Manval of Santa Maria La Mann.
"Miguel, dan Rodrigo de Staintes da matarsa Feroror, aka yi masa baftisma; Surkrinsa sun kasance Juan Proma; An gudanar da tsarin ta hanyar Rev. Bartolome Serrano.
Ba daidai ba ne a ɗauka cewa sanannun suna Miguel De Cervantes roveaven the yaro ya samu a haihuwa. A zahiri, saentov ya bayyana riga cikin shekaru masu hankali, mai yiwuwa ne, a matsayin batun magana game da taken Chilean, daga inda serus din ya faru.
Mahaifin Rodrigo, ɗan asalin Galicia, ya yi aiki a matsayin alama, "Buba mai duhu". A bashin sabis, ya tafi kashi, ya aikata zubar da jini da kuma tsunduma cikin "ƙananan bukatun. Mahaifiyar Miguel, Leonor de Cortinas - 'yar da aka warwatsa makahlleman, wanda aka sayar a aure a cikin 1543.
Baya ga marubucin "Don Mawallafin" Don Quixote ", an haife yara 6 a cikin iyali: Andrea (1544 R.), Rodrigo (1550 g.), RDRANA (1554 G.) Da Juan. A na ƙarshe an san wanda aka san ne kawai godiya ga nufin Uba.
An zaci cewa a cikin ƙuruciya, Miguel ne ya ba da Miguel ga Makaranta a Madrid - Jeit Ilimin Ilimi ga yara. A cikin hujja game da wannan gaskiyar, za a yi sake dubawa na laudnat game da odar cocin Roman Katolika a cikin tattaunawar tsakanin karnuka "daga" Nan Nan take ". Wani muhimmin ra'ayi - Miguel yayi karatu a Jami'ar Salamanca. Da kuma, kuma ana tambayar sauran iri.
A 22, De Cervantes ya zama wani bangare na titin, kuma daga hannunsa ya sha wahala wani antonio De Sugora. An ce cewa tsoron kame Miguel don barin Spainan ƙasarsa. Italiya ta zama sabon gida - ƙasa, abokantaka ta da alaƙa da matasa masu son jama'a.
Rome de Cervante ya gano zane-zane na gani, gine-gine, sake haihuwa. A cikin ayyukan rubutu, daga baya masana daga baya sun ga nassi ga labaran gargajiya, wani parody na marubuta da yawa na kasa.
Aikin soja
A cikin 1570, De Cervantes sun yi rajista a cikin marine ramin fata, infantería de Marina, wanda aka saura a Naples (Asigin shi ne yankin Spain (sannan kuma yankin ya kasance yankin Spanish. Cutar da shekara guda kafin saurayin ya yi kira a kan yaƙin. A cikin Satumba 1571, Miguel ta tashi zuwa Bayanin Bayanin, inda aka yi bikin a ranar 7 ga Oktoba a cikin gidajen daular Ottan.
Lokacin da akwai yaƙi, Miguel de cervantes sa zazzabi. Duk da halin kiwon lafiya, saurayin ya bukaci ya ba shi damar yin gwagwarmaya, yana cewa zai mutu zai mutu domin Allahnsa da sarkin da zai rufe shi da abokan hamayyarsa. Marubucin na gaba ya sami raunuka uku na bindigogi - biyu a kirji da ɗaya a hannun hagu, harsasai na ƙarshe a zahiri yi de cervantes ɗaya. A cikin aikinta na farko "Galatia", ma'ana nasarar da sauri "don Quixote", ya rubuta:
"Na rasa motsi na hannun hagu a cikin ɗaukaka."Kashe rabin shekara ya dauki Cervantes don murmurewa, a cikin 1572 ya koma zuwa layi. A cikin shekaru 3 masu zuwa, mutumin ya kasance a Naples, lokaci-lokaci suna yin balaguro zuwa tsibiran Corfu da Navarino. Miguel shaida yakin don La gugel, tsohon babban birnin Tunisia, da faɗuwar wannan jihar.
A cikin fall na 1575, de Cervantes ta jirgin sama daga Napaniles zuwa Barcelona tare da shawarwarin shawarwarin don sarkin Spain. A cikinsu, kwamandan Real ya yaba da kyautar soja kuma ya miƙa don kara sabis. Fate da aka ba da umarnin in ba haka ba: a safiyar 26 ga Satumba, Cours ya ɗauki jirgin de Seranes zuwa jirgin.
Marubucin na gaba kuma, bisa ga wasu shaida, an dauki Rodriga Rodriga zuwa Algeria (sannan cibiyar daular Ottoman) da kuma kama. Wani mutum ya kasance cikin bauta har sai 1580, sau 4 ba a ƙoƙarin tserewa ba. Daga qarshe, iyayen sun sayi 'yancin' ya'ya maza na kudi daga Ottomans - Haruffa wasiƙu zuwa ga sarki ya ɗaga kan sarki a kan sarki a Cervantes.
An ambaci wannan yanki na tarihin da aka ambata a cikin aikin de cervantes. An yi imani cewa a cikin labarin fursuna daga karfin duniya daga Ruixote, Lives "da 'yan bangarori na Algeria" ba su iya bayyana mutumin da ba ya cikin bayi.
Aiki
'Yanci daga zaman talala, De Cervantes ya yi shekaru a Madrid. A wancan lokacin, ya riga ya fara rubutu, amma, kamar malami mai yawa na wannan lokacin, ba zai iya ciyar da kudade ba. Dole a haɗe shi tare da aikin talakawa.
A cikin Andalusia, Migubel ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili na Espanya don Fararar hatsi na Spain: Ina neman sayayya mai kyau, sannan kuma aka kawo siye a cikin jiragen ruwa. Da zarar ya bar kuɗin da aka yi niyya don kammala jirgin na gaba, da banki. Yana da ƙazanta a gare ta, ya kashe komai. Don wannan marubucin ya shafe watanni da yawa a kurkuku. Mai yiwuwa, a ƙarshe da kuma manufar "don Quixote" ya samo asali.
Daga baya, De Cervantes ya yi aiki a matsayin mai karbar haraji da mai lissafi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan na rayuwa, daga 1610 ga 1616th, wani mutum ya rayu a cikin Royalwar, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a sadaukar da littattafan a kusa da agogo.
Littattafai
De Cervantes ya tako a kan hanyar rubutu lokacin da yake shekara 38. An halatta a santa "gerarya" (1585) aka rubuta a cikin nau'in gargajiya na zamani don lokacinsa - labari ne na makami. Aikin ya kasance ba tare da jan hankalin mafi girma ba, kuma marubucin da kansa bai yi farin ciki da "komai" na farkon samfurin alkalami ba.
A wani hukuncin kurkuku a De Cervantes, wanda daga yanayin yana da rayuwa mai nutsuwa, ra'ayin ya zo gabatar da parody na litattafai na zane-zane, sanannen karni na XVI. Astrasta ta kirkiro hoto na tsofaffi salimbe, wanda, karanta labarun game da jaruma a cikin makamai, sun yanke shawarar zuwa duniya don neman kasada.
Mai noble don Quixote daga ƙauyen La Manci ya rakaba Sancho PANSA - mai sauki ne mai dadi wanda ake amfani da shi don kallon abubuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a gare shi ya sami Dock da aka yi alkawarinsa da tsibirin, ya kashe mai shi daga haɗarin kuma don yin bayani a kan kari, injin da iska ke dacewa ba dodanni ba.
Bayanin saƙo na soyayya ya canza mahaukaci Ke Lego De Vega, wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ma'aikatan sa suka fi karfin shahararren littafin de serantes. A wani lokaci, mawaƙa, Yarjejeniyar Rubuta soyayya ta atomatik, ta shiga tafiya ta duniya a kan jirgin, jefa matarsa da yara. Ana iya faɗi cewa Miguel ba kawai ya haifar da mafi girman aikin zamanin ba, amma kuma ya ba da gwauruwa akan abokan gaba.
Littafin labari game da Knights na hoto na bakin ciki ya fito cikin biyu ya: "Chit Roma Hadidalgo Don Qualily Kniver Kniver" a cikin 1615 Ajiye ya kasance, a maimakon haka, watau: A cikin 1614, har yanzu ba a bayyana wani Appleye ba, wanda aka buga halayensa na littafin littafin "Don Que'stocin halayen littafin" don Quixote Allefened ". An yiwa aikin da de cervantes.
"Don Quixote" babbar gudummawa ce ga al'adun duniya. Fedor Dostovsky kira da Roman de cervantes "mafi yawan aikin tunanin ɗan adam." Ya kasance a cikin Don Quixote wanda aka haife shi tunitaccen "Don yin hukunci da pudding, yana da mahimmanci don ɗanɗano shi," Ma'ana cewa an bincika komai a aikace.
De Cervantes ya yi imani cewa littattafansa ya kamata ya zama ga Spainersan Italiya, Giovanni Boccaccio littattafai. Saboda wannan, marubucin ya haifar da "fitarwa na fitarwa" (1613) - tarin ya kunshi labarai 12. A cikin ruwayar, marubucin yana aiki a matsayin ɗan adam, yana ba jaruma zuwa 'yanci da farin ciki. Haruffan haruffa suna zuwa ga azaba, amma farin cikin nasara kawai murmushi ne kawai.
Da gari ya wayewar rayuwar De Cervantes, na gabatar da sabon labarin Farilas da Tafiya da Sikimunda, wanda aka buga tun bayan mutuwar marubucin, a cikin 1617. Wataƙila, a cikin wannan aikin, Spanier ya yi ƙoƙarin yin kwaikwayon tsohuwar Heliodor Greek Heliodor.
Rayuwar sirri
Game da rayuwar Miguel De Cervantes ya san kaɗan. A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1584, mace mai shekaru 19 da haihuwa Catalina Palacios de Sashinar ya zama matarsa na marubuci mai shekaru 37. 'Yan matan rightar sun taimaka wa wani lokaci na ɗan lokaci don ya wanzu ba tare da shi ba. A lokaci guda, De Cervantes ya sami 'yar masariya ta Isabel daga wani de rojas. Game da ƙungiyar tare da ɗan mata, ya ɗan gajere kuma ya rushe a ƙarshen 1580s.Mutuwa
68 mai shekaru de cervantes ya mutu a Madrid a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1616. Dangane da shaidar likitoci, ciwon sukari na II wanda ke haifar da Cirrhosis na hanta ya zama sanadin mutuwa. Wadannan cututtukan cututtuka suna bayyana ƙishirwa mai ƙarfi don wanda marubucin ya yi korafi a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwa.
A cewar Alkawarin a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, de Cervantes aka binne shi a gidan sufi da trianutarians Trinitarians a tsakiyar Madrid. A cikin 1673 yayin sake fasalin Waka mai tsarki na munanan marubuci, kuma wasu mutane ne zuwa wani wuri mai aminci, sa'an nan kuma ba za su samu ba - kabarin ba su da alamun shaida.
A cikin 2014, masana huhu sun gano kukan da mutane 10 ke hutawa. A ciki murfin ɗayan ɗayan akwatin, MS FARKO NE. Dangane da hotuna na marubucin, raunin harsuna uku da aka samu a cikin yaƙin a Dongato, kuma gaskiyar cewa kawai hakora 6 sun kasance da gaske cervantes a gabansu . A watan Yuni, 2015, an binne su a cikin gidan sujada a karkashin Miguel De Cervantes Saveowav.
Littafi daya
- 1585 - Galatiya "
- 1605 - "Share HidalGo don Quixéte Laman"
- 1613 - "Bayani na musamman"
- 1614 - "Tafiya zuwa Furnass"
- 1615 - "Kashi na biyu na Briillal Knight Don Quixote daga Lamanchi"
- 1615 - "Comedies da Contiesds 8, sabon, ba sa wuya a kan mataki"
- 1617 - "Mai ado da Persoyl da Sikhimsds"