Tari
Don da pleiad daga cikin manyan Rasha composers na XIX karni, tare da Mikhail Glinka da kuma members, da MUG "Mabuwãyi hannunka" rightfully nasa ne da marubucin Opera "Stone Guest" Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. Zama da kafa m hakikanci, Mahaliccin bari mai yawa ayyuka, ba kiyasta a lokacin rayuwa. Ya wasiyya hada da piano, orchestral da vocal rubuce-rubucen, cikin shahararrun daga waxanda suke da romance ga ayoyi A. S. Pushkin "na ƙaunace ku" da kuma song sake zagayowar "Petersburg Serenads".Yaro da matasa
Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky bayyana a cikin daya daga cikin ƙauyuka na yankin Tula a kan Fabrairu 14, 1813. Masu bincike na mawaki biography ba tukuna zo guda ra'ayi game da ainihin wurin da aka haife shi. A mafi m ya da suke cewa Alexander ta tushen da aka kwance a kauyen Voskresensky, wanda aka located a cikin tsakiyar gundumar na Rasha Empire, kusa da zamani birnin Mobile.
Alexandra Uba, Sergey Nikolaevich, an shege zuriya na arziki mallaki gidaje A. P. Ladyzhensky. Godiya ga Kanar N. I. Bogucarov, ya samu mai kyau da ilimi da kuma aiki, a wani kasuwanci banki a karkashin ma'aikatar kudi.
Uwar Maria Borisovna Kozlovskaya zo daga wani arziki ya'yan sarakuna ba irin, mallaki by kadarori a Smolensk da Tula larduna. Sabanin nufin iyaye, ta zama matar wani sauki ma'aikaci da baya yi a kan haske daga 'ya'ya shida.
Da yara na nan gaba mawaki wuce a cikin Estate na Solidunovo, tarihi na ga Kozlovsky iyali, sa'an nan ya haifi samu wani matsayi a cikin Metropolitan ofishin, da iyali koma St. Petersburg. Akwai, 7-shekara Sasha fara koyon yi wasa da Piano, kuma ya zama interested a rubuce. A farko malamin Louise Volgeborn karfafa da compositional gwaje-gwajen da na yaron, ta shekaru 10 girmi marubucin da dama piano kwaikwaiyo da kuma romances.
Duk da haka, iyaye da kuma m malamai skeptically mallakar halittun da wani novice makadi da kuma fi so kayayyakin aiki, don kida, sanarwa rubuce-rubuce da kuma vocal horo. Hadin gwiwa tare da malamai da Adrian Danilevsky, Franz Schoberlechner kuma Benedict Troibig, ya kai ga yin sadaka kide, inda Alexander yi a matsayin pianist da kuma mai kada violin.
A 1827, matasa Dargomyzhsky shiga kotu ofishin da kuma sanya matakai na farko zuwa wani m adult rayuwa.
Kiɗa
Hanyar kirkirar Alexander Sergeevich ta fara da Dating tare da mikhail na Rasha na Mikhail Ivanovich Glina. Marubucin sanannen wasan wasan kwaikwayon da ake kira "rayuwa don ilimin" ilimin ilimin halayyar mutum da aka samu a cikin Jamus, kuma ya taimaka wajen fahimtar da rubuce rubuce-rubuce kan batun abokan aikin abokan aikin.Ya yi wahayi zuwa wannan sadarwa, Dargomyzhsky ya fara ziyartar metropaitan Opera, inda mawaƙan da Italiya suka rubuta a sake fasalin aikin Glinka. A ƙarshen shekarun 1830s, ya ɗauki mutum ya haifar da nasaope dangane da nasa wasan Vikretch: Lucretia Batsaa ", amma bayan da farkon zane-zane, na lura cewa kayan ya kasance mai kyau ga kayan aiki da murƙushe.
Bayan haka, dangane da shawarar mawaka, har zuwa Easilander, ya kara da wani samfurin Faransa kuma, ta amfani da asalin mahaifiyar Farisawa ", ya fara tsara wasan kwaikwayon" Esmerald ". Ya zuwa 1841, jam'iyyun orchestral sun kasance a shirye, da Dargomomyzhsky sun mika aikin shugabancin masu ataters.
Shekaru da yawa, Bayanan kula sun kasance marasa hankali ba tare da wani hali ba, amma a cikin 1847 da farko samarwa ya faru a cikin Moscow. Abin baƙin ciki, marubucin marubucin na Dargomyzhsky bai sami kyakkyawan bita ba, da kuma "Esmeralda" daga wannan shirin kuma daga baya bai bayyana ba.
Rashin jin daɗin mawuyacin ya mutu sanannen shahararrun ayyukan masu jagoranci mai hankali Glink. Kuma tashi na ɗan lokaci daga rubutu, Alexander Sergeevich ya fara horar da mata masu daraja da suka yi da kuma tsunduma cikin samar da Romances da waƙoƙi. A wannan lokacin ne a cikin aikin Dargomyzhsky, sanannen "bakin ciki", "Mare daren Marget," matasa da Virgo "da" shekaru goma sha shida "ya bayyana.
Wata amintacciyar hanyar tsira daga gazawar farko ta farko ita ce tafiya ta ƙasa, wacce marubucin EsmeralDa suka matso kusa da masu kirkirar Turai da Charlel Berio, Genri Vetan, Getano Dyzetti da sauransu.
Bayan dawowa zuwa Rasha a cikin 1848, mawaki sun yanke shawarar cigaba da gwaje-gwaje tare da manyan siffofin kuma sun fara kirkirar wasan Oxoly "Mermaid", ya danganta da bala'i na Alexander Sergeevich. Moties na gargajiya sunyi sha'awar Dargomyzhsky cewa, tare da babban aiki, ya kuma rubuta wani wuri "da" Serebel-budelen ", wanda ya ɗauki matsayi na musamman", wanda ya ɗauki matsayi na musamman da gayaki na Rasha.
A 1855, "Mermaid" da aka kammala kuma bayan wani lokaci sallama zuwa ga jama'a. Wannan lokaci da rinjãye na mawaki da aka kimanta ba: Opera dade a cikin sharhin da dama yanayi da ya zama batu na Multi-page labarin a mujallar "Wasan Kwaikwayo Music Bulletin". Ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa Dargomyzhsky da kansa hada wani libretto ga aikin da, wadannan da storyline na Pushkin, ƙirƙira da kawo karshen wani wanda ba a kare bala'i a cikin ayoyi.
Wadannan ayyukan Alexander Sergeyevich zama symphonic rashin daidaito "Ukrainian Cossack", "Baba Yaga" da "Chukhon Fantasy". Sun shafa rinjayar Mia na Balakirev da Vladimir Stasov, baya cikin mambobi na MUG "Mabuwãyi hannunka" ya zama members.
A cikin 1860s, godiya ga sabuwar idon sani, da mawaki suka fara samar da salo na wani iyali romance, wanda su ne m misalai na abin da suke ayyukan "ban mamaki song", "Old Capral" da "Title bada shawara". A daidai wannan lokaci, wani tafiya zuwa Turai da aka dauka, inda kasashen waje masu kida na farko ya yi yawan instrumental rubuce-rubucen na Dargomyzhsky.
A lokacin tafiya, Alexander Sergeevich bai daina tunani game da ita kara aiki da aka tsunduma a search na mãkirci ga wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo. Harufan ideas sun m shirye-shirye na Pushkin waka "Poltava" da kuma hutu a kan mataki na tsohon Rasha labari na Rogdan. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren da aka ba ƙaddara a jiki, da kuma kawai wani tarin almara kira "Mazepa" da kuma da dama solo da choral lambobin zauna daga gare su.
A sakamakon haka, zabin da mawaki fadi a kan aikin AS Pushkin "Stone Guest", wanda aka hada da a cikin shahararrun waqe da ake kira "kananan bala'in", amma aikin bai je saboda gaba m rikicin hade da togiya na Theatrical Poster na Opera "Mermaid". Bugu da kari, da a baya aka rubuta aiki "Celebration na Vakha" shi ma bai yi nasara ba.
Kawai godiya ga sa hannu a cikin rãyuwar Rasha m al'umma da kuma amincewa da sake dubawa na waje abokan aiki, Dargomyzhsky har yanzu dauki kan rubuta "Stone Guest" da kuma gudanar da su rubuta mafi yawan m abu.
Rayuwar sirri
Creative matsaloli, na dogon lokaci biyã da mawaki, nuna a kan sirri rayuwa. Da ciwon ba matarsa ba, kuma ba yara, Alexander Sergeevich ciyar da free lokaci a cikin iyali estate na Tverunovo kusa Smolensk kuma akwai wahayi zuwa ga romances, symphonic ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma operas.
Bayan rasuwar uwar a 1852, Dargomyzhsky 'yanci manoma daga sansanin soja da kaya, ba da ƙasar a cikin ikon mallakar abin da suka rayu kuma ya yi aiki. Irin wannan halayya da aka kwarai ga Rasha na XIX karni, da kuma Sahaban fara kiran mawaki da mafi m mallaki gidaje na zamani waje.
Duk da haka, gidan na Kozlovsky zauna a cikin mallaki Alexander Sergeevich, kuma har 1864, da Loneliness marubucin "Mermaid" tambayi tsofaffi mahaifinsa. A karshen karshen zama nauyi duka da mawaki kuma a karshe gurgunta ya m aiki.
Mutuwa
A lokacin da waje tafiya, 1864-1865 Dargomyzhsky fadi rashin lafiya tare da rheumatism. Ba tare da cin amanar dabi'u nasa jihar, ya ci gaba da tafiyar da m da kuma zamantakewa. A farkon 1868, a Jihar Alexander Sergeyevich tsananta, kuma ya fara koka game da rashin jin daɗi a cikin filin na zuciya da ba daidai ba jini wurare dabam dabam, wanda ya zama Sanadin ya ci mutuwa.A precharge na mutuwa, da mawaki sanya wani ba, bisa ga abin da Kaisar Antonovich Kyui da Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov kamata ta kammala gano Opera "Stone Guest" da kuma shirya jam'iyyun don kara halitta.
Abokan aiki da suka amince da su cika karshe nufin Dargomyzhsky, a cikin zurfin na rai, da suka yi fatan cewa, irreparable zai faru ba da daɗewa ba, amma a kan Janairu 5, 1969, Alexander Sergeevich bisa ga abke, ya mutu daga aneurysm. A jaridu gaya al'umma game da m asarar, da kuma a cikin jana'izar da aka gudanar a kan Janairu 9, duk wakilan da m Elite na St. Petersburg suka taru. Da kuma akwatin gawa tare da jikin da marigayin ya Tikhvinsky ta ra'ayi, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, dangi da kuma zumunta kwashe a makãmansu.
Jim kadan bayan da binne bikin Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov da umarnin a artist Konstantin Makovsky Vertical na Dargomyzhsky da daukar hoto, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin na farko images of Rasha al'ada Figures a cikin gallery daga cikin shahararrun tara da zama majiɓinci.
Aiki
- 1830 - "Bolero"
- 1830 - "Bambance-bambance don a Rasha topic"
- 1830 - "Brilliant Waltz"
- 1838-1841 - Esmeralda
- 1843-1848 - "Vakha bikin"
- 1845 - "Tabakerkaya Waltz"
- 1848-1855 - "Mermaid"
- 1850s - "Fantasy a kan batutuwa daga opera Glinka" Life ga sarki "
- 1860 - "Mazepa" almara
- 1860-1867 - "Rogdan", niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa
- 1865 - "Slavic Tarantella"
- 1866-1869 - "Stone Guest"