Otto Schmidt - Hoto, Tarihi, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa

Tari

Sunan mahaifi na Schmidt, daga Jamusanci da wasu harsuna, sun canza zuwa kuznetsov, sun sa mutane da yawa sanannen shahararrun shahararrun mutane - masana kimiyya da kuma masu yaƙi. Biyu schmidt sun shahara a cikin Rasha - 'yar karar bakar fata ce, wacce ta zama tare da fitar da Ilfa da barkwanci, da "alamar Columbus" mai suna Otto. Mai binciken Polar ya hade baiwa da ilimin lissafi da geophysicsicsics tare da kwarewar ƙungiya kuma yana da bayyanar Santa Claus.

Yaro da matasa

Otto Yulievich Schmidt an haife shi a cikin shekarar 1891 a cikin Daular Rasha. A cikin fim din tarihin a kan kimiyyar kimiyyar 1964, aka bayyana cewa asalin birnin Mogilev, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga kimiyya, ya faru daga barorin Latvian. Wannan ba ainihin gaskiya bane: magabatan Schmidt daga gefen Uba sune Jamusawa.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa na farkon tarihin rayuwar Schmidt:

• A cikin shekarar 1897, bayanin kula game da Otto Schmidte ya bayyana a cikin jaridar Mogilev - yarinyar ta mamaye kogin garin;
• A shekara 8, yaron ya yi mafarkin ya yi "Darakta" na hamada Sahara don magance matsalar samar da ruwa;
• Yayin horarwa a cikin wasan motsa jiki na Kie na Kie, Otto da zarar bai koyi tabbacin karancin da aka bayar wa gidan da aka tabbatar da hanyar da ta da ake so ba.

A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Schmidt yi jerin litattafan da suke son karantawa. Ya juya cewa don cimma burin da ya yi da tunanin zai buƙaci don guje wa mutuwa tsawon shekaru dubu. Saurayi ya rage jerin sau 4, kazalika da aiwatar da aiwatar da mafarkin, rage lokacin bacci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da cin abinci da ci.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga dakin motsa jiki na maimaitawar zinare, Otto ta shiga Jami'ar Kiev. Ayyukan kimiyya da aka buga a shekarun ɗalibai a fagen ƙa'idar ilimin lissafi ya buɗe matasa a cikin abokan aikin masu zaman kansu (kwatancen makarantar sakandare na zamani). Saurayi yana shirin nemo taken Farfesa.

Aikin kimiyya

Schmidt ya shaida cewa mutane biyu sun rayu a ciki - kimiyya da ayyuka: canje-canjen tattalin arziki da ya faru a Rasha da Otto fiye da na farko. A lokacin, masanin kimiyya ya zo ga Kiev Merry ya miƙa don jimre wa yunwar ta hanyar gabatar da Rarrabawar Abinci da shi.

Bayan nasarar juyin juya halin Oktoba, Schmidt ya shiga cikin bikin Bolshevikak, ya koma wurin Petrograd, sannan zuwa Moscow. Ba da daɗewa ba masanin masanin kimiyya ya zama memba a Kwamishinan wasan na abinci, halartar samuwar fatan alheri. A watan Janairun 1919, a madadin Vladimir Lenin, Otto Yulivicich ya kai wani daftarin yanke shawara kan compunes na mabukaci. Nan gaba ya yi aiki da kuma a cikin shan taba mai shan magunguna - yana inganta ma'aikatan horo na koyo.

Mutumin Encyclopeic Outlook, Otto Schmidt ya zama babban editan "Babban Soviet Encyclopedia", ayyukan da aka samu a zahiri - da kuma kuskuren da aka samo a cikin labaran ba su da alaƙa, amma halayensa daidai. A tsawon lokaci, nasarorin masanin kimiyya a cikin filayen Geelography da kuma ilmin taurari a fagen lissafi.

A cikin 40s ƙarni na 20, Schmidt ya haifar da hasashen fitowar duniyar hasken rana daga girgije mai mai. A lokacin babban yakin da ke cikin kishin kasa, masanin kimiyya, kasancewa mataimakin shugaban makarantar kimiyya ne, shirya kwashe na cibiyoyin bincike a gabas.

Balaguro

A Otto, Schmidte ya rayu da Jules-Vernovsky Ruhun Hiking. Kasancewa a Jamusanci a Jamus, masanin masanin "ya fadi lafiya da hawan dutse da kuma a 1928 shirya wani yanayi da kuma girman dabi'a da Fedchenko glacier. Lokacin mamaye dutsen, Schmidt ya nuna sabon abu game da wani masanin kimiyya da ikon jagorantar mutane a cikin yanayin gaggawa, wanda aka ziyarta cikin kamfen na ruwa a cikin Arctic.

Farkon Arctic Epoea Opopea Otto Julievich ya sanya tarawa 2 a kan kankara "SEDOV". Ofishin Jakadancin - "kimiyya da diflomasiya" - The hick shine tabbatar da ikon mulkin ƙasar Soviet a ƙasar Franz Yusufu. Nasarar da aka yi balaguro ita ce ta tashi daga tutar sulfur-guduma tuber a tsibirin Gucker da kuma rikodin shigar cikin shiga cikin arewacin latitude na arewacin laterel. A karshen na biyu high na biyu, Otto Julievich ya tabbatar da gaskiyar lamirin visa, bude, kamar duniyar Neptunical, da tsibirin ilmin lissafi, da tsibiri da ake kira sunan Schmidt.

A shekara ta 1932, masanin kimiyya a gabanin hakan, ya shugabanci Cibiyar Bincike ta Arctic, tana yin iyo a cikin jirgin ruwa mai kyau "Alexander Siberyak na Arewa mai kewayawa ɗaya. A rana ta 14 ga rana, mahalarta taron za'ayi a Arkhangenk sun rungumi a arewacin duniya tare da masu binciken Polar da suka gabata a lokacin balaguron arct.

Tun lokacin da aka zubar da shi tsakanin tsibirin Bolshevik da Iiman an cika su da kankara, matafiya sun yanke shawarar kewaye da tsibirin, waɗanda har sai ya yiwu a kowane jirgin ruwa. A ranar 10 ga Satumba, 200 Km daga Mering Straatoce Ice ya karya rayar da kankara, da Sibilyakov ya tashi. Don ɗaga farjin da kawar da rushewar, ƙungiyar jirgin ruwa ta jawo kashi 400 na mai zuwa hanci na jirgin. Bayan gyara, ajiyar mai ya koma wurin bikin, da Siberia ci gaba da iyo.

Sannan bi hatsari na biyu. Jirgin ruwa na teku wanda ke tashi da jirgin ruwa mara iyaka, ya fitar da jirgin ta hanyar igiyoyi, fashe da torus ta amfani da Ammonal. A farkon watan kaka na na biyu na 1932, Siberyrovtsy ya isa Cape Dezhnev kuma ku gaishe da nasara akan yanayi da yanayi. Ba da da ewa Otto Schmidt ya zama shugaban masu binciken Soviet.

A lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, shahararren masanin Arctic an fara gabatar da Epich - Chelyuskin ", wacce hanyar ta Turanci ta zama mummunan nasara, hanya mai ban mamaki ta zama babban rabo. Karatun fasinja-fasinja da fasinja ba a daidaita shi ba don tafiya a cikin Arctic Latitudes Arctic.

A ranar 23 ga Satumba, Ice ta katange jirgin ruwa kawai a inda hadarin shekarar bara "Sibyakov". A saboda wannan, kusan watanni 5 na kusan watanni 5 sun biyo baya, kuma a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, ICE FORES RUHU MEDER, kuma "Chelyuskin". A lokacin fitarwa, Zaneshosis aka kashe, sunan wanda ya faru daga sunan garin garin Schmidt.

Ragowar mutane 104 ciki har da mata 10 da yara biyu, aka kwashe watanni 2 a kan kankara kuma an kwantar da su a lokacin jirgin sama sama da 20. Schmidt ya goyi bayan ruhun nasa abokanadan har ma karanta laccoci na kimiyya a cikin tantin. Otto Julievich ya yi niyyar a kwashe shi a karshen, amma rashin lafiya tare da ciwon huhu mai nauyi a kan Afrilu 11 ga Afrilu.

Moscow hadu "Chelyustustsev" kamar yadda masu nasara. Hotunan da yawa sun kame, masu maraba da su, maraba da rctic na Arctic. Matukan matukan jirgin sun zama gwarzo na farko na Tarayyar Soviet, kuma tsofaffin mahalarta balaguron da aka yi balaguro sun karɓi oda.

A shekara ta 1937, jirgin sama da Otto Schmidt da sauran masu binciken Polar Schmidt da kuma tashar Soviet tare da irin wannan sunan da ke kusa da "Makoshka" ta duniya. Shugaban duniya a cikin duniyar jan hankali shi ne Ivan Papanin, daga baya shumbedt by schmidt daga post of shugaban kai.

Rayuwar sirri

The tsayi, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tare da tsananin haske mai haske Gait, wanda ya nemi yin wasa a ɗayan kuma a kan kansa, Otto ya ji daɗin nasara daga kyakkyawar jima'i. Matan da suka fi so da aka fi so a masana kimiyya uku.

Matar ta farko ta OTto Yulievich - Likita na gado Vera Yangitskaya - ya girmi masanin kimiyya shekaru 2. Abun Lura don dan Varimana ya yi aiki a matsayin tushen mace don rubuta littafin "Dubawar mahaifiyar". Vera Fedorovna, wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 47 daga cutar glandon thyroid, shine wanda ya kafa Tarayyar Soviet.

Mata na biyu na Schmidt, masu sa sabbin addinin bangaskiya Yaninskaya, Margarita Vooser ya kasance ɗan adam ɗan adam. Sigurd Schmidt ya shiga cikin zambayen mahaifiyar kuma ya zama sanannen masanin tarihi. Chelyuskin Epea ya ba da alama a kan rayuwar rayuwarmu ta Otto Juliyevich. Daga masanin kimiyya ya zama Alexander Arskaya, wanda ya yi aiki a kan steamer. Tauraron polar bai lalata aure da mai jefa kuri'a ba, amma ɗan Sasha ya yarda da sunansa na ƙarshe.

Mutuwa

A cikin 'yan shekarun rayuwa na rayuwa, tsohon mai binciken ba shi da lafiya. Dalilin mutuwa a cikin 'yan makonni zuwa bikin cika shekaru 65 shine tarin fuka, wanda aka jefa huhu a kan larynx.

Kabarin na wakilin yana kan makabarta na Novevichy na babban birnin Rasha.

Tunani

• Cibiyar Lailasar Likitts mai suna Bayan O.Yu. Schmidt Academy na Kimiyya na Kimiyya
• Asteroid (2108) "Otto Schmidt"
• Schmidt a bayyane a Antarctica
• O. Yu. Schmidt Kyautar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha don ingantaccen aikin kimiyya a fagen bincike da ci gaban Arctic.
• CABE OTTO Schmidt - Cape On Chukotka (RF)
• CAPE Schmidt - Mazaunin nau'in Urban-nau'in Uranni akan Chukotka (RF)
• Schmidt Avenue a Mogilov (Jamhuriyar Belarus)
• Schmidt Avenue a cikin Kabilar gida Nikolina Mountain (Odintsovo gundumar Moscow, RF)
• Gidan Tarihi na Makaranta "Labarin ya mallaki Arctic. O.yu. Schmidt Mou "Gymasium No. 4" Murmansk (RF)

• Peak O.Yu. Schmidt (5954 m) - "Tianhana Kanchinjung" (Tianshana Kanschinjung "(wanda aka sani da sararin samaniya)
• Wurin kankara daga cikin aikin 51 "Otto Schmidt" (tun 1938, Anastas Mikoyan, an dakatar da shi a 1968)
• Binciken kimiyya na Aikin 97n "Otto Schmidt" (tsawon aiki: daga 1979 zuwa 1991).
• Sunaye: Oyuschintld (A): "Otto Yulivich Schmidt akan kankara", Lagshminald (a): "Schmidt Camp akan kankara"
• Cust o.yu. Schmidt a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Arewa (Arkhangelsk, RF)
• Tambari lambar wucewa 1935, 1966 da 2001. saki.

Littafi daya

• 1916 - "Ba a raba Ka'idar Group"
• 1926 - "Yarda da Kimiyya da Kimiyya na halitta: misalai na wuce gona da iri cikin inganci"
• 1933 - "Ba a raba Ka'idar Group"
• 1934 - "Binciken Arctic a cikin Tarayyar Soviet"
• 1936 - "Ayyukanku a cikin 1936. Ayyukanku a taron Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata na tsarin GLAVSEVmorthorthOvorthorthorthorthorthorthOvorthTi a USSR SCC 13 Jan. 1936 "
• 1944 - "Meteorite na Asalin Duniya da taurari" (Dookl. Ilimin Kimiyya na Kimiyya na USSR)
• 1947 - "A kan yiwuwar kama cikin makanikai"
• 1948 - "Matsalar ta kama a cikin aikin gawarwakin uku"
• 1949 - "Asalin Duniya da taurari"
• 1957 - "lacca laccoci huɗu a kan ka'idodin asalin duniya"
• 1959 - "Ayyukan da aka zaɓa. Ilimin lissafi "