Jeffrey Chiseer - hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, "Labarun Caterbury"

Tari

Jeffrey Chesherachanai da ake kira "mahaifin littattafan Turanci", kuma magada sun yaba da al'adun mawuyaci a matsayin "mafi girma lokatai na tsararru na tsakiya" kuma ya fashe a kan abin da ya gabata a yau. Ya kasance daya daga cikin farkon wanda ya shahara da ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin mamayar Latin da Faransa a Burtaniya.

Yaro da matasa

An haifi Jeffrey Chiseer a kusan 1343 a babban birnin kasar Burtaniya - London. Mahaifinsa ya ci gaba da sayar da giya, ya kawo wa farfajiyar gyaran gidan. Godiya ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin dangin matasa Jeffrey, tuni tana da shekara 17 ta karbi matsayin Pizabeth, wanda ita ce matar Duke Lionel.

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A cikin 1359th, ya shiga kamfen, wanda Ingila ta shirya ta hanyar Faransa. A lokacin taron soji, an kama mutumin. Sarki ya yanke shawarar fansar Salon Salon kuma ya sanya shi wani sacewar mutum da squire. A cikin layi daya tare da sabis, matasa matasa wanda ya kunshi waƙoƙin wata mace, wanda bai hadu da shi ba.

Bayan kammala yakin, Jeffrey ya zama dalibi na makarantar koyon London ta London, wanda a rubuce take littafin Azare ya sha wahala. A cikin cibiyoyin ilimi, wani mai fara'a nazarin kirkirar kirkira ba kawai litattafan ba, har ma da wakilan fasikanci, nazarin latin da kuma wallafe-wallafen Faransanci na zamani. Bayan haka, wannan ilimin yana da amfani ga coser lokacin da fassara "Roman ta Roman" kuma lokacin rubuta ƙananan waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin waƙoƙi.

Wallafa waƙoƙi

'' '' '' '' Tsohon '' '' ', wanda ya dauki nauyin 137 zuwa 13 zuwa 13 ga 1379, al'ada ce da za a kira "Faransanci" a cikin tarihin Kotun Kasa saboda mahimmancin littattafan Faransa a kan kerawa. A wannan lokacin, mawaƙin yana cikin fassarar aikin "Rome game da fure" da aka ambata a baya, wanda shine ɗayan mashahuran littattafan da aka bayar a tsakiyar zamanai.Shiga cikin hotunan getty

Rubutun a 1369, waka ta kira "littafin Dchits" ga mutuwar Blanca, wanda shine matar farko da kamfanin Lancaster John Gice. Ko da a daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko, Kuri'a ta gudanar da nuna kansa a matsayin marubuci tare da wasu bayanai na ban mamaki.

A cikin 1367th Jeffrey ya nada matsayin na zaben sarauta kuma ya ba da allon. Tafiya ta farko ta mutumin da ke Italiya ta faru ne a cikin 1372nd don tattaunawa da shugaban Genoa. Koyarwa a can cikin shekaru 5, Soser ya zauna don rabin shekara kuma ya sami damar Mata Italiyanci, da kuma tabbatar da farkon ci gaban al'adun birane.

SANAR DA Aikin mawakan Italiya sun yi tasiri a tsinkaye ta hanyar da kuka sha. Ya aro abubuwa da yawa daga marubutan gida, kamar Pettherch, Dante da Boccaccio, wani lokaci mai tsawo ne, wani lokacin har ma labarai. A Italiya, Jeffrey ya kuma san da mawaƙa rubutu a Latin.

Saboda zurfin tsarin kula da nazarin ayyukan Italiya, mawaƙin da ya koyi cikawa da alherin da ba a san shi ba a baya ga wakilan Ingilishi. A cikin tsangwama tsakanin tafiye-tafiye masu kirkirar, Choseer ya zo London kuma an shiga cikin ayyukan gudanarwa.

Farawa daga 1374th zuwa har zuwa 1386th (shekaru 12), wani mutum ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kwastan da mai sarrafawa, yana zaune a hankali a cikin hasumiyar AlDCatawa. Ya cancanta kuma a lokacin da aka tattara tare da aikinsu, bai manta da yin lokaci ba akan waye.

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Lokaci tsakanin 1380th da 1386th shine al'ada ake kira matakin "Italiyanci" a cikin ayyukan kirkirar Jeffrey. A wannan lokacin ne aka rubuta su kuma Labarun Kereterian ", 'yafan" majalisar dokoki "," gidan daukaka "da" labari "da" labari na misalai mata ". Attaurataccen magabata ya ci gaba da wahayi zuwa ga abokan aikin kasashen waje, amma da yawa na sirri shima ya bayyana a cikin ayyukansa.

Don haka, Kafi ya fara nuna wata 'yancin' yancin kai, salon rubutu ya bayyana kanta, musamman, a cikin maganganun halittu na halitta, da kuma ruwayoyin zane-zane. Bugu da kari, ya fara bayyana sannu a hankali game da halayensa a cikin ayyukan, wanda ya sa wani mutum kusa zuwa ga masu karatu.

Babban wakar "Tril da Cresus", wanda ya kunshi littattafai 5, hade da comic da bala'i, talakawa. A ciki, marubucin ya bayyana na Jagora na ƙirƙirar haruffa da labarai masu kammala karatu, da kuma yanayin ilimin halayyar dan adam. A wasan kusa da waƙoƙin, kamar yadda aka yarda a cikin littattafan Ingilishi na lokacin, waƙar mawaƙin da aka raba tare da masu karatu matasa.

"Legend na Mata na Mata" shine babbar waka ta farko cikin Ingilishi, wanda aka kirkira a layin da aka kafa goma. Yana magana ne game da jarumai sun gaji da ƙauna, tun zamanin da. Hujja ga aikin shine voicid Jeffrey Jeffers ya yi biris da aka yi watsi da bene mai rauni a cikin maganganun da suka gabata, kamar Roman game da Rosa da Tarayya da Credan.

"Labaran Caninterry" - Mafi shahararrun aikin da ya sanya sunan Chuhera ya kasance mai mutuwa da rashin mutuwa ga zuriyarsa. Littafin da muke magana a kan 29 na mazauna na zango, shekaru, benaye da sassan jama'a kusa da London don zuwa Canterbury kuma suna bautar da kabarin St. Thomas Beta.

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Don kashe lokaci, kowane mahajjata ya ɓoye wasu nau'ikan tatsuniya ko labari. A lokaci guda, duk masu ba da labari ba su da sauƙi ba tare da tsayawa zuwa wurin da makasudin ba, har ma suna yin natsuwa, tsawa, bayar da yabo, zagi. Gabaɗaya, "Labaran CilletBury" kyawawan halaye ne da shaida don lokacinsu, hotunan da aka rubuta daga gargajiya ta gargajiya.

A faɗuwar rana, da "mahaifin Turanci na Turanci" wanda aka kirkira da dama waƙoƙi waɗanda aka dunkule da wani mummunan baƙin ciki. Dalilin wannan shi ne sha'awar da za a ɓoye daga haske da mutane masu ɗaukar taro. Mutumin ya tambayi Sarkin taimakon kuɗi, tun daga cikin mayarwar talauci.

A wannan lokacin, mawaƙin ya rufe kan tunanin kansa da gogewa. Koyaya, da daɗewa, sa'a ta yi murmushi ta wurin marubucin lokacin da patron ya ba da shawarar mai mahimmanci ritaya don ƙa'idodin. Ga kudin da aka karɓa, Soser ya sami damar isa ga yin hayar gida mai ban sha'awa kusa da Warminster Abbey.

Rayuwar sirri

Ubangiji ya farfado da rayuwarsa tare da matarsa ​​Philippe de Roeé, wanda shi ne 'yar karfin - wutar lantarki. Auren shine mafi yawan abin da ya faru don aiwatar da duk ra'ayoyin ƙwararru na marubucin. Ma'auratan suna da yara biyu - 'Ya'yan Thomas, wanda ya bayyana a duniya a cikin 1367th, da LEWIS, a cikin 1380th, haifaffe shi a cikin 1380th, a cikin 1380th, da Lewis, a cikin 1380th, da LEWIS, a cikin 1380 ne.

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Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga rayuwar Jeffrey Alsera shine cewa ya yi nasarar kafa kansa ba kawai da falsafa ba, marubuci, amma kuma a matsayin mawaki. Don haka, lokacin da aka ƙaramin ƙaramin ɗan saurayin Lewis ya yi shekara 10, wani mutum ya yi binciken kimiyya ne a Astrolabia.

Mutuwa

Jeffrey Chefoer ya yi rayuwa mai arziki, cike da ayyukan bambance-bambancen. Mawaki bai zama lokacin da ya mai da shekaru 57 - wani mutum ya mutu a Oktoba 25, 1400 a babban birnin ƙasar Burtaniya.

A ainihin dalilin mutuwa, da rashin alheri, ba a tsira har wa yau ba. Iron da marubucin ya faru ne a kusurwar mawaƙan, wanda yake a Westminster Abbey. Hoton mafi girman mahaliccin da aka sassaka akan farantin dutse.

Faɗa

A cikin manyan rayuka, tausayi - baƙi masu yawa - tushen duk Slasko don wasu dokoki ne,

Bari waɗannan dokokin su kasance farkon da bin umarnin rayuwa.

Rikici na iya strangle abota

Littafi daya

• 1369 - "Duchess Book"
• 1378 - "Labarun Canjin Canistry"
• 1381 - "majalisar tsuntsu"
• 1382 - "Troil da Credan"
• 1383-1384 - "Gidan daukaka"
• 1388 - "Legengidan da mata masu kyau"