John Cabot - Hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, mai bincike

Tari

Italiyanci Navigator Giovanni Caboto, sanannen a duniya kamar yadda John Cabot - mutumin farko wanda ya isa bankunan Kanada. An dauki wuraren balaguron Cabinar na Turai mafi kusa da na farko na kasar Turai na yankin Arewacin Amurka.

Yaro da matasa

Giovanni caboto, aka haife shi da 1450, mai yiwuwa ne a ranar 23 ga Mayu, da haihuwa a cikin gidan Julio Caboot da matarsa ​​tare da ɗan'uwan Pieero.

Biranen Italiya da na Sanabnion-Kyab mulki ana daukar su azaman wuraren bayyanarta. Marubutan tarihi suna jingina zuwa ga zaɓi na farko, saboda a cikin tarihin hotunan bakin Gaeta akwai bayanan (sauya 1443) game da ƙimar ƙimar Caboto. Duk da haka, Pedro de Aiala, matafiyi na zamani, a cikin haruffa zuwa ga clock kambi ya bayyana John Kaborota a matsayin "wani na-iri, kamar columbus." Castiglione-Kyabareza birni ne a lardin Genoa, da Gaeta - a Lardin Latina.

An san shi da tabbas cewa mai nasara na gaba na Arewacin Emuth Amurka ta ɗan asalin Italiya.

Game da tarihin John Cabore ya san kaɗan. A cikin 1476, ya zama ɗan ƙasar da ke ƙasa, wanda ake buƙata akalla shekaru 15 na zama a cikin birni. Dangane da haka, dangin mai bincike ya motsa ba daga baya 1461.

Ƙaddara

Dan zama na duniya ya ba da damar Kebotu ya shiga cikin cinikin na teku, ciki har da a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum. Crafted ya sanya Savvy Savvy a cikin sanin kayayyakin gabashin - kayan yaji da siliki. Ta sayi su daga Larabawa, Kabot na sha'awar inda kayan yaji suka fito. Daga maniyyi amsawa, wani mutum ya kammala cewa wurin haifuwar kayan yaji ita ce Indiya. Sha'awar ziyarci wannan kasar da ta yi wahayi zuwa ga kasada don kasada.

Gaskiya na rayuwar mutum na John Cabort an san su godiya ga kayan tarihin. Don haka, ta 1484, mai binciken ya auri Mattei kuma yana da aƙalla yara biyu. A cikin duka, an haihu 'ya'yan uku maza - Louis, Secastian Cabot. Tare da mahaifinsa, sun yi tafiya duniya.

A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1488, John Kabot ya bar Venice a matsayin wanda inshorar da ya koma Valencia. Masu binciken sun yi kokarin kamawa, suna hulɗa da taimakon ga hukumomin yankin, amma a Spain ta rikice-rikice, babu wani karamin laifi ya shafa.

Kasancewa a Valencia, John Cabot Montecalunha (don haka an ambaci matafiyin a cikin takardun gida) ya ba da shawarar shirin don inganta tashar jiragen ruwa, wacce aka ƙi. A farkon 1494, wani mutum ya koma Seville, inda ya yi aiki a kan gina wani dutse gada a fadin Kogin Guadalquir. An watsar da hukuncin hukumomin hukumomin a watan Disamba.

Bayan da yawa gazawar a fagen gina injin Kabot tuna da kauna ga teku. Ya nemi hukumomi na Seville da Lisbon don bayar da gudummawa ga kungiyar masu tafiya a kan Tekun Atlantika. Ba tare da samun amsa ba, wani mutum a tsakiyar 1495 ya nemi gwamnatin Ingila. Bayan da aka sanya tallafi, Giovanni Caboto ya shiga cikin zama ɗan ƙasa na Ingilishi, ya zama John Cabot.

Balaguro da bincike

A cikin 1480, John Kabot, kasancewa dan kasuwa, ya daukaka kara ga hukumomin Bristol don tsara bugawa don bincika babban Brazal - tsibirin Celtic Tekun Atlantik, yana cikin zurfin Tekun Atlantic. Tsibirin ya jawo hankalin tsinkayen bishiyar Brazil, daga abin da zai yiwu a sami fenti mai mahimmanci ja. Nasarar wannan tafiya za ta kawo wani nau'in wadata zuwa Cabota, amma don Allah a tuna.

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A karshen karni na 20, masanin tarihin Biritaniya Elvin Raddr ya buga takardun, a cewar Yuni 1495 ya isa London a karkashin tutar Ingilishi. Ofaya daga cikin magatakarda shi ne mahaifin Giovanni Antonio de Carbonaries, wanene, samun kyakkyawar dangantaka da yadi na sarauta, gabatar da Henry VII matafiyi.

A cikin Maris 1496, Kabot ya karbi aro daga bankin florence, wanda duk da yake mafi yawan kudaden da suka wajaba don yin iyo, amma bai rufe tambayar ba. A lokaci guda, Heinrich VII ya ba da matafiyi zuwa "yin iyo a dukkan bangarorin, yankuna da kuma gefen gabas, Yammacin Yammacin Turai da arewa suna karkashin tutocin Turanci da tutoci." Takardar ta nuna cewa wasan wasan Kabota ya kamata ya fara daga Bristol, da kuma binciken da aka yi a kan tafiya ya zama mallakar Ingila.

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Mai yiwuwa, a lokacin bazara na 1496, John Kabot ya fara iyo farko. Yankin bincike, yanki da kuma burin tafiya ba a san shi ba. Wataƙila Italiyanci har yanzu ya yanke shawarar isa ga iyakar Brazil. Abinda kawai ke nuna gaskiyar wasannin shine harafin Bristol Multant John Dea zuwa mai binciken Macizer Chrumbus ya sanya sanyaya a cikin hunturu na 1497. Mafi yawan 'yan kasuwa sun bayyana tafiya ta biyu ta Cabrota, amma akwai irin wannan bayanin:

"Ya koma cikin jirgin ruwa guda daya ne da kungiyar da ba za a ce ba, a tsakiyar hanyar da aka bari ba tare da ajiyar waje ba kuma ta sheƙa zuwa ga mummunan yanayi, don haka na yanke shawarar juya baya."

Kamallwararrun yakin gaba na Cabot ya ɗauka a cikin 1497. Game da tafiya sanannu ne daga Tarihin Brovicar. Dangane da shi, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, "ƙasar 'yan kasuwa ne suka samo" ƙasar Bristol. " Jirgin saman "MTYY", wanda tabbas mai suna bayan matar masanin masanin masifa, fita daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa a ranar 6-20 tare da wasu mutane 6-20.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa daga balaguron da suka gabata a cikin haruffan John Daia, wanda, ta tunanin masana tarihi, suna kan Matta. Wani dan kasuwa ya nuna cewa jirgin ya ciyar kwana 35 a cikin tekun. Bayan haka, kusan wata daya na Cabot da aka sadaukar da shi ga nazarin Sushi, yana ci gaba zuwa babban Brazil. Hanyar dawowa ta dauki kwanaki 15.

Tare da saukowa na farko na Kabot ya bayyana ƙasar mallakar wani sarki na Ingilishi. Matsayi na saukowa na dogon lokaci shine batun sabani ga masana tarihi da Gexophers. Kamar yadda zaɓuɓɓuka masu yiwuwa, tsibirin Labrador, Maine, Cape, Cape Breavist, an yi la'akari da Beavist Capeavist. A yayin tunawa da balaguro na Kanada da Biritaniya, da wurin daukacin wurin neman Tsibirin CaBer Islandland.

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Tabbacin wannan Gwajin shine harafin Ambarkar Nilan Raymondi de Raymondi de Raymonti De Raymondi de Raymonti De Raymondi De Raymondi Daga baya, zance a cikin Tekun Atlantika yana da wadataccen Tekun Atlantika ya karɓi sunan babban bankin Newfoundland.

Dan kwallon Listenzo Pasqualigo ne daga wani harafi, wanda ba a sani ba, yana nuna cewa tafiyar Cabin ba komai da jita-jita. Na yi tsammani "Mataimakin da ya fita daga Bristol a kan ƙaramin jirgin ruwa, ya dawo ya ce ya samo ƙasa a cikin dungun wasanni 700 daga Bristol." Bayan da tuno daga bakin tekun na 300, cabot bai hadu da mutane ba, amma ya samu - Wuta, Gashin dabbobi, kayan kamun kifi - kayan kamun kifi - kayan kamun kifi - kayan kamun kifi - kayan kamun kifi - kayan kamun mutane - an ba su damar yanke hukuncin cewa akwai mazaunan da ke gefen wannan ƙasa.

Elvin Raddek, yana nufin wasikar Giovanni Antonio de Carbonary, ta ce cewa jirgin ruwan ya gano cewa an inganta kimiyyarsa a kan Teku. A cewar masanin tarihi, balaguron zuwa bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka ya faru shekaru 20 kafin injin na Italiya. Koyaya, harafin da aka tambaya har yanzu ba a samo shi ba saboda ba a san shi ba, ga menene Archives Raudawo.

Komawa zuwa Bristol, John Kabot ya tafi ga masu sauraron sarki. Don yanayin binciken ƙasa a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1497, matafiyi ya sami sa'a na £ 10, wanda waɗannan lokuta daidai yake da albashin ma'aikaci na talakawa ko kuma na shekara 2. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Heinrich VII ya nada Penc na £ 20 a shekara.

A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1498, mai binciken ya karbi salon lambawa don sabon tafiya, kuma tuni a watan Mayu daga tashar jirgin ƙasa, ɗayan yana da sarkin. Wasu jisunan da aka adana su da kuma laces, wanda Kabot ya shirya kasuwanci akan balaguron.

A watan Yuli, daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa sun fada cikin hadari, an tilasta masa su yi masauri zuwa kasashen Ireland, sauran abin da ake cigaba da hanya. A cikin 1498, Cibiyar Cabinar ta kai Arewacin Amurka kuma ta koma bakin tekun. Sun ce tafiya ta kare a kan iyakar kasashen Spanish a cikin Caribbean, amma babu abin dogaro game da abubuwan da suka faru na wancan balaguron.

Mutuwa

Kwanan wata, yanayi da kuma haifar da mutuwar John Kaboro har yanzu yana da ban sha'awa. An yi imanin cewa an rasa jiragen ruwa a cikin teku a lokacin da suka dawo, amma aƙalla ɗayan membobin jirgin ruwa, Laancelot Tirkill, ya mutu a London a cikin 1501.Shiga cikin hotunan getty

A cewar wani madadin, Kabot ya mutu a hanya. Umarni ya dauki babban ɗansa Sebastian. Af, saurayin ya shiga cikin zambayen Uba, a cikin 1508 ta hanyar yin iyo don Arewacin Amurka, da kuma a cikin 1526-1530 - zuwa kudu.

Elvin Raddok ya nuna cewa Kabot ya dawo lafiya zuwa Ingila a bazara na 1500. Irin wannan kyakkyawan labarin tarihi ya yi daidai da taswirar Juan de la spit, wanda ya kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Italiya. Ya buga maki na karshe a 1500.

Tunani

Bayan mutuwar Cabota a duniya, kuma musamman a cikin Burtaniya, hotuna marasa yawa da tsarin gine-ginen da aka keɓe ga ƙwaƙwalwar mai binciken an ƙirƙiri.

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Don haka, a kan ƙasar Newfoundland kuma a Bristol zuwa bikin cika shekaru 400 na babban iyo, hasumiyar Kabota sun bayyana tsawo na 30 mita. A ranar 500 na bikin Bonovist Cape da kuma belin din Bristol na "moisted" kwafin tagulla "Matty".

Newboundland da Labradorland, murabba'in a London da Monson a London, Jami'ar da ke Rome, makarantar Katolika a Kanada ana ambaton suna bayan Kaborota. Amma ainihin taron taron tarihi shine cewa John Cabot yana tafiya HUDFON don iyo.