Tari
Furoof Nansen - Mai binciken Yaren mutanen Norway da matafiyi, masanin kimiyya da kuma adadi na jama'a. Ya shiga Majalisar Duniya ta Copenhagen na duniya na nazarin tekuna kuma an ba shi kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nel. Nansen ya zo da fasaha wajen kirga kudaden da aka kwashe shi daga jirgin ruwa a cikin jirgin sama, ya inganta kewayon iyaka da barometer. Ya jagoranci ayyukan zamantakewa mai aiki kuma yana cikin masu ba da ceto Volga a cikin 1921. Sifen ya kafa hukumar wakilin 'yan gudun hijirar a Geneva, wacce a 1938 aka ba da kyautar Nobel na duniya.Yaro da matasa
Shahararren Norwegia an haifeshi kusa da wannan Oslo a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1861. Sannan aka kira birnin cristia. Tushen bishiyarsa ya haifar da da Danes. A ƙarni na 17, magabatan Nansen sun koma Norway. Tun lokacin da yake yaro, yaron ya zauna a cikin wani mai Irist na mahaifinsa Fren. Mahaifiyarsa lauya ce mai nasara. 'Ya'yan uku da aka haifa a cikin dangi: Alexander da Einar' yan uwan da 'yar uwana sun sayi.
NanSenov yana da horo da oda a farashin. Ana ba da ƙaunar wasanni ga ɗanta, musamman mahaifiyar ta ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Daga shekaru 2, furoof ya riga ya yi tsalle-tsalle, kuma a cikin 15 ya zama cikakken ɗan takara da dindindin a cikin yawon shakatawa masu tsalle. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A shekara ta 1877, Nansen ya sanya rikodin duniya a cikin tseren tseren tsalle a nesa na mil 1. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama gwarzon kasa a kan wasan kankara. A bayan kafada mai daukar hankali sun kasance irin wannan zakarun.
Na tsakiya Nansen ya samu a cikin dakin motsa jiki. Mahaifin ya so dan ya zabi babban sana'a, watakila, ci gaba da batunsa. Saboda haka, ya nace ga takarce Furoof ga makarantar soja. Kasancewa mai kirkirar kirki, saurayin ya fallasa zanen, amma kimiyyar sa ta jawo hankalinsa. Bai bi mahaifinsa daga makarantar kuma ya shiga jami'ar Kirista ba, yanke shawarar karatu don dabbobi masu zaman lafiya.
Abincin da yake son sanin duniya, haka da shekaru 20 bayan kafadu da wani matashi wani matashi ya sami wani watanni 4 a cikin Tekun Arctic. A wani ɓangare na aikace-aikacen game da ilmin halitta, Furofo ya yi tafiya a kan jirgin mai viking a cikin kankara, yana yin nazarin seed.
Faja tare da wallafe-wallafen Nasenen ya ci gaba: Karanta wasannin da Henric Ibsen da makircin Ubangiji Bohnsen. Saurayi ya san Turanci, yaran Faransanci da na Jamusanci. Ya kuma fara daukar darussan zanen.
Balaguro da bincike
Tafiya ta farko ta ba da sha'awa a cikin binciken sabbin wurare a cikin mai binciken kuma sun aika ayyukansa a cikin gado da wanda ya gane. A cikin 1883, furoof ya karbi diamusta da nadin da ke da kayan gargajiya na Bergen, inda ya zama Creator na sashen Zoological. Ya dan shekara 21. A cikin 1884, Nansen ya yi wani tsallakewa ta hanyar tsaunuka daga bergen zuwa Christia, sannan ya lashe gasar tsalle tsalle a Husybu. Shekara daga baya, mai bincike tare da mane-iri ya sami lambar frierare da aikin ilimin tarihi da kuma myssomid.
Daga 1885 zuwa 1886, Nansen yayi aiki a Jami'ar Nape, da kuma a Naples a Naples Biolog Station na farko na Turai. Wani saurayi har ma ya kyautar da zinare na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ga Bincike, wanda ya jagoranci ta hanyar yin nazarin peculiariti na nama. Ba da daɗewa ba wani masanin masanin kimiyya ya sami digiri na biyu don wannan aikin.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan manufofin mai binciken a wannan lokacin shine sauyawa ta hanyar filin kankara na Greenland da kewayawa yankin daga gabas zuwa yamma. Ya sabawa fifikon da aka saba da yamma, wanda aka kama. Latsa an tsunduma cikin Peres, kuma an tattara Nansen kayan aiki, tattara balaguro. Akwai mai tallafawa, wanda ya ba da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan na kamfen. Kuma wani ɓangare na farashin ya rama lambar yabo ta zinare, wanda zai maye gurbin wanda ya kasance kwafin tagulla.
A shugaban tokar furen kansa ne. Ya gayyaci shi Otto sverrupu, gogaggen mai ƙwarewa da tsararren masani, da kuma siliki na Olaf Ditricson da Kirista Trana, miji na reindeer, miji samuel. Jama'a sun tafi tafiya ta hanyar Scotland, sannan Iceland.
Sau ɗaya a gabashin Greenland, ƙungiyar sun sauka kan iyo na iyo 20 kilomita daga bakin teku. A sararin samaniya wanda ba a yin nazari ba, kuma mutane sun jawo hankalin kansu. Matafiya ya kama sanyi, wanda yawan zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa - 40 C. Barin zuwa hanyar da aka ƙayyade ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1888, ƙungiyar ta isa inda za a yi ranar 3 ga Oktoba.
Matafiya sun mamaye 660 kilomita na kankara kore. Sun zama na farko a cikin wannan lamarin, tattara bayanan kimiyya da kuma lura da yanayin yanayi. A cikin 1890 da 1891, Nansen da aka ba da littattafai 2 game da tafiyar sa: "Girgiza ta hanyar Greland" da "rayuwar Eskimos."
Tunanin na Furmufa ya juya ya zama mafi haɗari. Mai binciken ya yanke shawarar share hanyar zuwa Poan Arewa. Nansen da kansa ya tsara jirgin da ake kira "Fram". Jirgin ya kamata ya mika wuya yayin daskarewa da kankara, wucewa ta hanyar arewa maso gabas ga tsibirin Novoshifirsks, kuma ƙungiyar ta bushe a kan jirgin.
Yankin Royal ya soki shirin tafiya. Majalisar dokar Norway ta kasafta kwararru na kambi na dubu 250, wanda aka wajabta Nassen ya tattara kungiyar daga Norway. Wani yanki na kashe kudi ya karbi patrons: Oscar Dickson ya ba da kayan aikin lantarki, Eduard yawan adadin tsibiran taimako a cikin tsibirin Novoshifirsk. A wurin zubar da kungiyar sun mika karnuka biyar. Masu tallafawa kamfen na kamfanin "Kedbury" da "Knor", wadanda kayayyakinsu suka makale kafin a aika.
A Yuni 24, 1893, 13 mutane karkashin dokokin Nanansen sun shiga lardin, wanda ya kamata ya isa ya isa shekaru 5, kuma tare da mai da ya isa ya isa tsawon shekaru 6 na balagag. Daga cikin Sneakers 600, mutane 13 suka faru a cikin kungiyar. Bayan sun wuce gefen arewa na Siberiya, ba tare da isa tsibirin ba, Furfo ya kama hanya zuwa arewa da kuma a ƙarshen Satumba "drifted a cikin kankara.
Daga fannonin matafiya, ɗan lokaci kaɗan ya rabu da na masanin masifa. Furoof ya yanke shawarar yin rushewa da kuma a kamfanin Yasmar Johansen ya shugabanci zuwa inda za ta nufa. Aikin ya juya ya zama da wahala. Masu bincike sun juya baya kuma suka canza shugabanci ga duniya Franz Yusufu. Tungiyar ba ta isa ga gawar ba, amma ta fi kusa da shi duka idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu binciken.
Bayan watanni 3, mutanen sun kasance a duniya Franz Yusufu, inda suka tsira daga hunturu a cikin dugout daga fatun dabbobi da duwatsu. Yanayin damuwar yanayi, matsaloli na rayuwa a cikin Uncharted Lantarki na nuna karfin masana kimiyya don daidaitawa da tsira. A lokacin bazara na 1896, "wasan kwaikwayon" jirgin ruwa na "wanda ya ba da matafiya a Vardo bayan kamfen shekara 3. "Fram" ya shigo gida mako daga baya.
Nansen ba wai kawai yanayin tashin hankali bane kawai ya gina babban gudummawa ga kimiyya, yana tara bayanai a kan labarin kasa, yanayi da kuma yanayin yankuna na cikin gida da teku. Wani sabon salo na injiniya da aka yi ne daga wannan kamfen ɗin, wanda ya zama murfin wutar lantarki da zai iya dumama sarari a cikin yanayin Polar. Nansen ya ƙirƙira shi.
Binciken da furowof ya rinjayi ƙarin ayyukanta. Ya zama kango. Shekaru da yawa suka rage don sarrafa bayanan da aka samu a cikin balaguron. Daga karkashin alkalami Nanesen da aka buga littafin "" Fram "a cikin Tekun Polar, wanda nan da nan aka canza shi zuwa harsunan waje da yawa. An buga aikin a ƙarƙashin wani suna daban - "a cikin ƙasar kankara da dare." Rubutun ya sauƙaƙe sake sake bugawa.
Daga cikin yawon shakatawa na mai binciken ya kasance tafiya zuwa Svalid da Saybard a kan steamer zuwa bakin kogin Lena. An taru shi a "Fram" ga kamfen zuwa ga Antarctic, amma, marasa lafiya, sun mika jirgin da ke mulkin Amundsen a 1905. Har ila yau, Furoof ya yi zagaye ta hanyar babbar hanyar Siberian. Daga 1928th matafiyi wanda ya halarci shirye-shiryen tafiya zuwa Antarctic, wanda aka shirya da za a gudanar da shi a kai.
Aikin kimiyya furoof Nansen ya hade tare da ayyukan jama'a. A cikin 1906, ya zama jakadan Norway a Burtaniya kuma ya gudanar da wannan post 2 shekaru. A cikin yakin duniya na farko, mai binciken ya kasance matsayi ɗaya a Amurka, kuma daga 1920s na shekaru 2 ya kasance babban kwamishin al'ummomin kasashen. Ya yi aiki da al'amuran fursunoni daga yaƙi daga USSR. A cikin 1921, Dutse ya kirkiro "Taimakon Nasenen", wanda ya ba da tallafi ga tauraron Volga a madadin kungiyar Red Cross.
Nansen ya kasance mai aminci dangane da koma baya ga kungiyar Bolshevik da kuma gina USSR.
Rayuwar sirri
An taka mata matansa Eva Sers babban matsayi a cikin cikakken tarihin rayuwar Fogrodfa Nassen. Matafiya ya ɗauki 'yar Sarki Zoologist da firist Mikael Surah Cikin 1868. Yarinyar aure mawaƙa ce da kuma mai mallakar mai dadi Mezmo-Soprano. Ta sango Romances, sha'awar zane-zane da ƙauna. Hauwa'u ta kirkiro da kayan kwalliyar mace don tsalle-tsalle.
Rayuwar rayuwar matafiyi ta ci gaba da farin ciki. Ya ƙaunaci matarsa kuma ya ba da labarin shugaban "Frama" kafin wani muhimmin balaguro a cikin 1892. Eva tana jiran dawowar ma'aurata. Tun yana cikin tashi, matar ta haifi 'ya mace. Little Liv ya ga mahaifin riga da shekara 3. Yayin da miji ya ba ya nan, Eva ta kasance cikin ci gaba mai zurfi, kuma aikinta ya yi nasara. A cikin girmamawa ga matan da aka fi so, Nasseen ya kira tsibirai 2 a duniya Franz Yusufu. Bayan haka, ya juya cewa wannan tsibiri ɗaya ne, kuma a yau ana kiranta Evlas.
Bayan 1898, yara huɗu sun bayyana a cikin dangin Nansen: m da Osmund, Core da Irmelin. Cikin soyayya da jituwa da zaɓaɓɓun su, Furocho har zuwa 1907. Eva ya mutu a lokacin lokacin da Nansen yayi aiki a matsayin Ambasada a Burtaniya. Maimaita masanin kimiyyar aure a 1919. Ya ƙaunataccensa ya zama Sigrun Munte.
Mutuwa
Kwanaki na ƙarshe na rayuwar Depografher FreOof Nansen ya gana cikin zaman lafiya da zaman lafiya a cikin kaddaransa Lusaka kusa da Oslo. Masanin kimiya ya sha wahala da yawa daga matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya, wanda shine sanadin mutuwa.
Nassen ya mutu, yana wasa a kan veranda tare da jikanyarta. Mai binciken ya yi biris da shi ya kirkiro jikinsa ya fasa ƙura a kan Oslo Figord, wanda aka yi da danginsa da dangi.
Tunani
A yau, abin tunawa ga sanannen sanannen teku yana cikin babban levshinsky layi. Akwai wani gini na Red Crossations International Red Cross, don haka mutum-mutumi ya juya ya zama daidaituwa a wannan wuri. An bude katangar da aka buga a shekara ta 2004 kuma an tsara shi zuwa cika shekaru 100 da dangantakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Rasha da Norway.
Ana buga hotuna na mai binciken yanzu a cikin littattafai da litattafai. Ana iya ganinsu a cikin gidajen tarihi kuma a Intanet. A cikin girmama Ocegographer, ana kiran kyautar lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce ake bayar da kyautar shekara-shekara.
Littafi daya
- 1904 - "A cikin arewa mai nisa"
- 1915 - "zuwa ƙasar nan gaba"
- 1928 - "A cikin sefes da polar bears"
- 1937 - "Kusa ta hanyar Greenland"
- 1937 - "rayuwar Eskimos"
- 1956 - "Fram" a cikin Tekun Polar "