Tari
Tarihin Tarihin Matafiya Robert Scott Trott Trott Tragland. A watan Janairun 1912, balaguron "Terra Nova" a baya ba a shafa wa Taswirar Duniya, - The Loutholer Pound. Masu binciken sun riga sun sami taken WPoverers, lokacin da aka san an san cewa balaguron balaguron Yaren mutanen Norway Amundsen ya kai hari. Kungiyar ta Scott ta kashe ta hanyar baƙin ciki ta zama ta kasar Ingila, amma sun kasa kaiwa - duk sun mutu a kan hanya daga sanyi, yunwa, da dabi'ar jiki.Yaro da matasa
Robert Favon Scott an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1868 a wani kwamitin nazarabase Devonport a Ingila. Shine yaro na farko a cikin dangin John Edward da Hannatu (a cikin mashahurin caming). A cikin duka, yara 7 aka haihu a cikin iyali, Robert shine na uku a jere. Yara sun ciyar da 'ya'yan itace, wanda ya gāda da shugaban dangin daga wurin Uba.
Makomar Robert an ƙaddara a gaban bayyanarsa a kan haske - kamar kakanta da 'yan uwansa da' yan uwan mahaifinsa, dole ne ya yi aiki a kan rundunar. Yaron na shekaru 4 ya tattara asali kimiyyar a makarantar sakandare, sannan ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Stubbington a Hampshire, inda suke shirya cadets a jirgin ruwa na HMS. A cikin 1881, Scott mai shekaru 13 ya fara aikin naval.
A watan Yuni 1883, Robert ya bar jirgin karatun na ilimi a cikin matsayin Michman (idan aka kwatanta da sojojin ƙasa - enign). A watan Oktoba, yana kan hanyar Afirka ta Kudu ta shiga kungiyar Kudancin Biladi - na farko na jiragen ruwa da yawa, inda Scott ya iya ba da Michman.
Sau daya a kan jirgin RMS Rover, makomar na gaba ta hadu da Markem, sakatar sarkin yankin sarauta. Wannan mutumin da ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar Tarihin Scott, wanda ya nuna duniyar teku da bincike ta matasa Michman.
Markem Grezil da ra'ayin don tattara ƙungiyar matasa matasa kuma aika su zuwa ƙaura zuwa da'irar Polar. Scott ya samu damar shiga cikin yawan samarin samari a cikin wannan ranar 1 ga Maris, 1887 ya ci tseren a tsakanin kwale-kwalen, da suka ba da gasa tare da abubuwan. Bayan shekara guda, Scott ya zama ƙarami, wata shekara - Lieepenant. A cikin 1893, ta kammala hanya akan torpedoing akan Vernon Vernon.
A shekarar 1894, dangin Robert na cikin wani sabon yanayin kasuwar. Mahaifin ya sayar da ragowar, ya sami dinari daga wani lokaci a wasu kamfanoni. Bayan shekaru 3, John Scott ya mutu. Mace da gwauruwa da 'ya'yanta biyu marasa aure an sanya mata a kan albashin Robert da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa Arpibald. A cikin 1898, na biyu ya mutu (sanadin mutuwa - taken na ciki), da nauyin kuɗi don dangi gaba ɗaya kwanciya gaba ɗaya kwanciya a kan kafadu gabadan.
Daga yanzu, Scott tunani ne kawai game da cigaba, wanda ya tabbatar da ƙarin kudin shiga. A cikin zarafin sarauta na sarauta don ci gaban aiki ya iyakance. A watan Yuni 1899, kasancewa cikin hutu a London, Robert ya haɗu da Mukem, yanzu Knight da Shugaban Societoungiyoyin jama'a. Mutumin ya yi magana game da balaguron balaguron zuwa da'irar polar kuma ya ba da Scott don kai shi. 11 ga Yuni ya yarda.
Balaguro da bincike
Takaddun balaguro "na gano" - aikin haɗin gwiwa na jama'a na sarakunan sarauta da al'umma na London don ci gaban halitta. Teamungiyar ta ƙunshi galibi daga lambobin sojojin ruwa, kamar yadda alamar tayi fata. Kungiyar London ta ce masanin kimiyya dole ne ya jagoranci balaguron, kuma sojoji - kawai don yin mulkin jirgin. Ko ta yaya, Blanche da taken kwamandan sun karbi daidai Scott.
Raba mai ban sha'awa: Ranar da ke gaban Sarkin Edward VII, ta nuna sha'awar ganowa a gano, ziyarci jirgin. A matsayin kyauta, ya yi scott tare da memba na umarnin Victoria na sarauta. Tsohon Cadet ya tafi hanyar da wuya.
A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1901, an kafa ganowa a kan Antarctica. Babu abin lura da cewa babu wani daga cikin membobin ma'aikatan guda 50, gami da babban kwamandan Scott, basu da ra'ayoyi yadda za a yi iyo a cikin ruwan kankara kuma wanda ƙasa zai sa a rushe. A ranar 11 ga Maris, 1902, rashin shiri game da kungiyar ya haifar da mutuwar daya daga cikin masu binciken - ya zame cikin abyss.
Balaguron "gano" sakamakon dalilai na bincike da bincike. Na karshen ya hada doguwar tafiya zuwa Kudancin Pound. A gursh jefa, aiwatar da Scott, Ernest Shelton da Edward Wilson, ya ƙare kilomita 850 daga batun kudu. A kan hanyar da ta dawo, sojojin mutane na Shekelton sun kasance a iyaka, kuma yana daga cikin mambobin kungiyar 10 a gaban jadawalin da aka dawo zuwa Ingila.
An ce rikici tare da rikici tare da kwamandan ya zama dalilin gaske ga hukumar Shektton: wanda aka zargin Scott bai so ya raba laurels. A cikin shekara ta biyu, balaguron "an yi nasara - ya buɗe filin wasan Polar, yana wucewa sama da kilo 400 zuwa gaci. A cikin Diary Scott ya rubuta:
"Yin la'akari da matsanancin yanayi da sauran matsaloli, ba zai yiwu ba a gama: Mun kusan isa iyakar mafi yiwuwa."Ya ɗauki jiragen ruwa biyu na ceto da abubuwan fashewa don 'yantar da "gano" daga kankara. Jirgin ruwa ya jefa wani yanki, ya jimre a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, amma a watan Satumbar 1904, membobin kungiyar suka dawo zuwa Ingila. Scott, kamar yadda shugaban da aka buga, ya ba da lambobin yabo da lambobin yabo da yawa, ciki har da Edward Vii a cikin shugabannin kwamitocin Royal Viccorian. A cikin hotunan daga baya, kirjin matafiya ya yi ado da umarni na Victoria duka.
A farkon shekarar 1906, Scott ya tambayi al'ummar yanki na sarauta kan samar da kudaden da aka sake komawa zuwa babban tafiya zuwa babban tafiya. Ya fito da cewa Sheklton ya riga ya shirya tafiya. Ya so ya buga kungiyar kan McMordo, wanda a shekarar 1901 zuwa rarraba mahalarta gano.
Scott a cikin haruffa zuwa shelton ya yi jayayya cewa ƙasa da ke kusa da MC Mc Mc Mc Mc Mc Mc Mc Mc Rosdo nasa ne, sabili da haka mai binciken yana buƙatar neman wani wurin dakatarwa. Goyan baya da kwamandan da matakala "gano". A sakamakon haka, shekelton ya yarda ya je kusa da gabashin gefen, kuma ba a yammacin na yamma kamar yadda kungiyar Scott tawagar.
Zuwan Anttarctica, matafiyi ya fahimci cewa babu wani madadin wani wuri don karya sansanin, kuma ya zauna a yankin McMordo. An yi masa hukunci a kan hukuncin da aka yi masa hukunci a matsayin jama'a. Wadanda suka yi da'awar cewa Shekdon bashi da zabi.
A cikin 1909, Sheklton, ba tare da isa ga burin ne na 180 Km, dawo Ingila. Daga nan Scott, manta game da rayuwar kansa da sabon yaro haifuwar, fara shirin yakin da yaƙinsa a kan jirgin "Terra Nova". Matafiya ya saka shi a gaban shi aikin "don cimma nasarar kudu kuma don samar da daula Burtaniya don ɗaukar wannan nasarar." Markem ya ce abokin abokinsa "ya ciji da Polar Mania."
Wannan lokacin Scott ya matso wurin shiri tare da dukkan tsinkaye. Ya sayi karnuka da makircin, kazalika da analogue na dusar ƙanƙara. Kungiyar ta sarauta da Landan ba ta shiga kungiyar ta balaguron ba, kuma ana samar da jirgin da gudummawar kudade masu zaman kansu da gudummawa.
A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1910, jirgin "Terra Nova ya tashi daga gabar Wales, ya haɗa shi cikin" Polar Race ya ci gaba da ba tare da izini ba akan taswirar duniya. Faransawa, Jamusawa, Jamusawa, Jamusawa, Australians, an haɗa su cikin Gasar ta Ilimin, amma kawai Yaren mutanen Norwegian Rulia sun wakilci barazana. A cikin Oktoba 1910, Scott ya karbi telegram:
"Ina da girmamawa don sanar da:" Fram "zuwa Antarctica. Amundsen "(" Fram "- Scwegian Schooner, musamman da aka tsara musamman don binciken kimiyya).Kasancewa a babban birnin, kungiyar Scott ta gano cewa Amundsen tana kashe 100 km kusa da gole. Yana da karnukan karnuka masu tsayayya da sanyi, da kuma pony tare da "Terra Nova" har yanzu ba ta yi tsayayya da kaya ba. Amma Scott bai rasa kasancewar Ruhu ba, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1911 ta rubutu a cikin littafin tarihi:
"Na tabbata: muna kusa da maƙasudin, fiye da kowane lokaci."
Scott ya yanke shawarar raba kungiyar zuwa kungiyoyi 3. Ya kamata mutane biyu a kan karnuka, ponies da kuma kwata zuwa ci gaba don tsara wuraren da aka samar da slads don sawun ƙafa, babban manufar da ita ce isa ga Kudancin. The jefa a cikin gacin ya kasance don yin Scott, Edwarce Wilson, Lawrence na OpSu, Edgar Evans da Bowers sun lissafa a kan hudun).
A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1912, Scott Hidgth ya kasance da amincewa ci gaba. A sararin sama ba a bayyane amundsen ba. A nesa na 32 km, matafiya sun ga dory da, yin hukunci ta hanyar rubutu a cikin Scott Diary, "fahimci wani abu:" Ya fahimci komai: da farko kai ga pole. " Birtaniyya ta mamaye burinsu a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 34 bayan haka daga baya Amundsen kungiyar. A lokaci guda, wanda ya ci nasara ya bar bayanin kula da roƙon da zai ba da rahoto game da cigaban sarki Norway, idan matafiya suka sami mutuwa kan hanyar dawowa.
Rayuwar sirri
A farkon shekarun 1907, Robert Scott, riga ya shahara, ya hadu da Katlin Bruce, Sculptor a cikin abincin dare mai zaman kansa. Matafiyi ya yi nisa da kawai fan.
Bai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban dangantakar da ke dangantaka da kamfen na Scott. Koyaya, a ranar 2 ga Satumbar, 1908, Bruce har yanzu ta zama matarsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1909, an haife matan kamar yadda ɗan Peter Markem Scott.
Mutuwa
A ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1912, ƙungiyar Tafiya na Scott ta koma zuwa lokacin da baya. A ranar 17, Evans ya mutu, da suka sa sauran lokacin wannan lokacin ya riga ya sha wahala daga yunwar, makanta na dusar ƙanƙara da kuma raunin jiki. A ranar 15 ga Maris, UTs, wanda ba zai iya ci gaba da hanya ba saboda yanayin sanyi na kafafu, da yardar rai da yardar rai barin tanti. Jikinsa bai same shi ba.
Maris 21 Scott da biyu sun fi Ruwa 17 KM KM daga zango na gaba. Hanyar Buran ya toshe hanyar. Haske bai bayyana matsalar karancin kare ba, wanda, kamar yadda aka amince da shi gaba, za su aika zuwa ga masu binciken.
A ranar 29 ga Maris, Sabuwar Kasuwanci ya sanya shigarwa ta ƙarshe a cikin littafin.
"Za mu iya dawwama har zuwa ƙarshen, amma muna rauni, kuma mutuwa ce, ba kusa ba. Abin tausayi ne, amma ba na tunanin zan iya rubutu tukuna. "
A wannan rana ko a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1912, Scott ya mutu, tabbas na ƙarshe - a hannunsa sun sami sauyawar wasu membobin kungiya biyu. Gawarwakin da aka samo a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba.
Wurin da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta karshe "Terra Nova" ta kasance kabari ga scott da abokan aikin sa. Yanzu akwai gicciye a kanta tare da sunayen matattu da layin layi daga waƙa na Alfred Tennison "Ulysses":
"Fight da nemanSamu kuma ba mika wuya. "
Tunani
Lokacin da labarin mutuwar Robert Scott ya zuwa Ingila, matafiyi ya ayyana gwarzon kasa. Kimanin citizensan ƙasa dubu 18 sun zo addu'ar, an saukar da ƙungiyar tutocin.
A cikin shekaru 10 bayan bala'in, kawai a cikin Burtaniya a cikin UK a cikin Abubuwa 30 da suka yi ta hanyar Scott da tawagarsa. Cambridge yana da Cibiyar Bincike na Polar bayan Scott. A cikin girmamawa ga matafiyin, asteroid, biyu glaciers, wani yanki a Kudancin da aka bayyane na gefen wata, kuma wani bangare - Scott - Scott " .
Abin mamaki, fim daya kawai "Scott daga Antarctic" (1948) da jerin "wuri na ƙarshe a duniya" (1985) an cire su bisa ga tarihin ban mamaki. A cikin 2013, harbi na fim din "tsere zuwa Polan Kudu" an dakatar da Casey Horlleck a matsayin Scott.