Max Papone - Hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, mutuwar gane, kimiyyar lissafi

Tari

Cikakken sunan masanin kimiyyar Jamus shine Max Carl Ernst Ludwel Planck. Shekaru da yawa a jere, yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin al'umman kimiyya na Jamusawa. Ya mallaki bude tunanin Quanthum. Masanin ilimin lissafi ya yi nazarin hermodynamics, ka'idar Qusaanci da radiation thermal. Aikin masanin masanin ya sanya shi kafa kimanin kimiyyar Quanintum. Ofaya daga cikin fewan nan da ke ƙoƙarin kare Yahudawa a lokacin Nazism a cikin Jamus. Har zuwa karshen kwanaki, ingantaccen kimiyya kuma ya yi har sai an yarda da lafiya.

Yaro da matasa

Maɓallin shirin ya bayyana a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1858 a cikin birnin Kiel. Kakanninsa sun kasance daga tsohon m. Kakana (Gottieb Jakob plack) ya koyar da tauhidi a Jami'ar Göttiyen.

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Max Wilhelm Proficifi ne mai lauya kuma farfesa doka ne a Jami'ar Kiel. Ya yi aure sau biyu. Yara biyu sun bayyana a cikin aure na farko. A karo na biyu ya auri uwa Max Emma Petattug, cikin aure wanda aka haife yara biyar. Ta kasance daga dangin makawa da taro tare da Wilhelm, da katako ya rayu a cikin birnin Greifswald.

Har zuwa shekaru 10, max ya rayu a Kiel. A cikin 1867, mahaifinsa ya sami gayyata zuwa farkon aikin Munich, kuma danginsa suna tafiya zuwa babban birnin Bavaria. Anan an baiwa saurayin ga Maximilian Sentasium, inda aka jera shi a cikin sahun mafi kyawun ɗaliban aji.

Babban tasiri a kan matasa plack yana ba da malami na ilimin lissafi Muller. Zai koya daga gare shi a karo na farko menene dokar kiyayewa. Max ya nuna bayanan lissafi mai kyau. Azuzuwan a cikin dakin motsa jiki a cikin sa a cikin sahun kimiyya, musamman ga nazarin dabi'a.

Wata yaran da yara don rigar da ke kiɗa. Ya rera shi a cikin mawaƙi na yara maza, wasa kayan aiki da yawa kuma yayi aiki da yawa a kan piano. A wani lokaci ya yi nazarin ka'idar kiɗan kuma har ma an yi ƙoƙarin tsara, amma ya yanke shawara cewa mawaki ba za su yi aiki ba. Ta hanyar kammala karatu, datti ya riga ya kafa jarabarsa.

A cikin ƙuruciyar sa, yana son sadaukar da kansa ga kiɗa, zama ɗan Pianist. Ya yi niyyar shiga cikin Malaman Malaman, ya nuna babban sha'awar kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi. A sakamakon haka, max ya zaɓi kimiyya da kuma shigar da Jami'ar Munich. Kasancewa ɗalibi, baya barin kiɗa. Ana iya ganin ya tsage a kan sashin jiki a cikin Cocin Dalibi. Ya jagoranci karamin karamin chorus kuma Orchestra ta gudanar da shi.

Mahaifin yana ba da shawara gax ya juya ga farfesa Philipe von zholly don taimaka masa a cikin binciken ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Farfesa ya shawo kan dalibi ya ƙi wannan ra'ayin, kamar, a cikin ra'ayinsa, wannan ilimin yana kusa da kammalawa. A cewar shi, babu sabon bincike da aka riga aka jira, ana yin babban binciken.

Koyaya, farar hula bai daina ba. Ba ya bukatar bincike, yana son ya gano kayan yau da kullun na ka'idar jiki kuma yana son zurfafa su in ya yiwu. Dalibin ya fara halartar laccoci game da gwaji na Wilhelm Von Betz. Tare tare da farfesa Philip, von zholly yana gudanar da bincike kan ikon da aka mai tsanani don hydrogen. Za'a iya ganin max a cikin aji a cikin masu sauraro - ilimin lissafi Ludwig Zeell da Gustav Bauer.

Bayan ganin sanannen masanin kimiyyar lissafi, Hermann Hongholz, wanda ya shirya zai tafi don samun ilimi a Jami'ar Berlin. Ya ziyarci ilimin lissafi na Karl Weierstramus. Ya karanci aikin furofesoshin hukumomin Helmholts da Gustav Kigoff, wanda ke ɗaukar wa kansu don samfurin don yin kwaikwayon kan kwarewar rikitarwa na rikice-rikice. Bayan da aka saba da ayyukan Rudolph Clazius a kan ka'idar zafi, ya zabi sabon shugabanci don bincike - thermodynamics.

Kimiyya

A cikin shekarar 1879, datti ya karɓi digiri na likita bayan kare bayanan a kan ka'idodin thermodynamics. A cikin aikinsa, masanin ilimin kimiyyar yana tabbatar da cewa tare da tsari mai dorewa, ba a canja shi daga jikin sanyi ga mai zafi ba. A shekara ta gaba, ya rubuta wani aiki a kan thermodynamics kuma ya karbi post na ƙarami mataimaki a ilimin kimiyyar ilimin kimiyyar Munich.Shiga cikin hotunan getty

A cikin 1885, dan wasan ya zama Farfesa Adjunct Farfesa a Jami'ar Kiel. Karatunsa ya riga ya fara kawo masa zartar da darajar darajar kasa da kasa. Bayan shekaru 3, ana gayyatar da masanin masanin zuwa Jami'ar Berlin, inda shi ma a cikin matsayin Adjunkuct Farfesa Farfesa. Tare da wannan yana karɓar post na Daraktan Cibiyar Likita. A cikin 1892, Max shirin ya zama mai amfani mai inganci.

Bayan shekaru 4, masanin masanin ya fara shiga cikin binciken zamani. A kan ka'idar jirgin, ba zai ci gaba ba. Ya tafi tare da man shafawa, girman wanda ya dogara da mita mai haske. Tsarin shirin yana cire tsarin rarraba makamashi a cikin cikakken baƙar fata bakar fata.

A cikin Disamba 1900, masanin ilimin lissafi a taron na Kwalejin kimiyyar Berlin Cibiyar kimiyya game da budewarsa da bayar da sabon shugabanci - ka'idar Quantum. Tuni shekara mai zuwa, dangane da tsarin plank, ƙimar Boltzmann ana lissafta kullun. An gudanar da sandar a Avogadro na yau da kullun - yawan atoms a cikin babbar kasuwa, kuma masanin kimiyyar kafa dokar caji tare da babban digiri na daidaito.

Shiga cikin hotunan getty

Albert Einstein daga baya ya ba da gudummawa wajen karfafa ka'idar Quantum.

A shekara ta 1919, masanin kimiyya ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta bayar da kyautar Nobel na 1918 don buɗewar makamashi Quga da ci gaban kimiyyar lissafi.

A cikin 1928, ya yi murabus, amma ya ci gaba da ba tare da hadin kai da kamfanin na asali Kaiser Wilhelm. Bayan shekaru 2, Nobar Lauren ya zama shugaban sa.

Addini da Falsafa

An shigo da shirin Max a cikin ruhun Luthan, kuma a gare shi da fari shi ne dabi'un addini. Duk lokacin da ya furta addu'a don abincin rana. An san hakan tun daga 1920 kuma har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wasan Presbyster.

Masanin kimiyya ya sabawa hadari na kimiyya da addini. A karkashin sukar da, ilmin taurari, therosphy, ruhaniya da sauran kwatance na qarshe sun haye. A lokaci guda, ya yi imani cewa kimiyyar da addini ya kasance daidai suke da muhimmanci.

Shiga cikin hotunan getty

Jawabinsa "Addini da Kimiyya na halitta" Daga 1937 sun shahara, wanda aka nuna a cikin maimaita bayanan daga baya. Rubutun ya zama abin aukuwa game da al'amuran a ƙasar, wanda yake ƙarƙashin ikon fastoci.

Plank taɓa kiran sunan Kristi kuma an tilasta masa jita-jita sosai game da canjin bangaskiyarsu. Masanin ya jaddada cewa bai yi imani da Allah na mutum ba, amma ya kasance addini.

Rayuwar sirri

A karo na farko, Max plank ya auri aboki aboki na yara Mary Merk a cikin 1885. Yara huɗu da aka haife su cikin aure: 'Ya'yan biyu biyu da tagwaye. Ya ƙaunaci danginsa, miji ne mai kulawa. A cikin 1909, matarsa ​​ta mutu. Bayan shekaru 2, masanin kimiyya yana ƙoƙarin shirya rayuwar kansa a karo na biyu kuma yana sa shawara ga Niece Marge Von Helin. Mace ta ba ma Max san sanannen wani ɗa.

Shiga cikin hotunan getty

A tarihin ilimin kimiyya a wurin da baƙar fata. Babban ɗan farinsa ya mutu a yakin duniya na farko, a cikin 1916, da 'ya'ya mata suka mutu a cikin haihuwa a shekarar 1917 da 1918. Dan na biyu, wanda aka kashe a farkon a farkon 1945 don shiga cikin wani maƙarƙashiyar Hitler, duk da takarda kai na sanannen mahaifin.

Nazis yasan game da ra'ayoyin Max Partangta. A yayin ziyarar tasa ga Hitler, lokacin da masanin ilimin lissafi ya jagoranci al'umma na asali Kaiser Wilhelm, ya juya masa kada ya tsananta wa malamai Yahudawa. Hitler ya yi fushi da shi a fuskarsa ya nuna duk abin da yake tunani game da al'ummar Yahudawa. Bayan haka, polka ta yi shiru da kokarin a cikin tunaninsa.

A cikin hunturu, 1944, bayan taɓa jirgin sama na sojojin, gidan masanin da ya ƙone gaba daya. A cikin wuta ta lalata rubutun, diies, littattafai. Ya koma wani aboki Carl har yanzu zuwa Roghets a karkashin Magdeburg.

A shekara ta 1945, yayin lacca a cikin Kasssel, malamin ya kusan mutu ya mutu a ƙarƙashin boma-bamai. A watan Afrilu, gidan wucin gadi na wucin gadi an kuma lalata karkashin jirgin sama. Masanin kimiyya da mata sun je gandun daji, to, zauna da madara. Kiwan lafiya ya yi muni - an tsananta amosritis na kashin baya, kuma ya yi tafiya tare da babbar wahala.

A fatawar Farfesa Robert filayen, rundunar sojan Amurka ta tashi don bautar Nobel kuma dauke shi cikin amintaccen lafiya. Shekaru bakwai, yana kan gadon asibiti, sannan, bayan murmurewa, yana farawa: karanta laccoci.

Mutuwa

A watan Yuli na shekarar 1946, wani mutum ya tafi Ingila don bikin ranar tunawa da Ishaku da Ishaku Newton. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masanin masanin ya kasance yana aukuwa ne kawai wakilin daga Jamus. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwar kimiyyar lissafi, Kaiser Wilhelm ya sake suna Maxpon shirin, hakan ya sake bayar da gudummawarsa ga kimiyya.

Yana ci gaba da magana da laccoci. A Bonn, masanin kimiyya ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da kumburi na huhu, amma ya sami nasarar cinyewa cutar. A cikin Maris 1947, ya dawwama ga ɗalibai. A watan Oktoba na wannan shekara, jihar MCC Preccck detoorated sosai sosai, kuma ya mutu. Sanadin mutuwa shi ne bugun jini. Bai rayu har zuwa bikinsa na 90th ba. Kabari na Nobel Laureate yana cikin kujerar göttingen.

Bayan da kaina, masanin ya bar rubutun, littattafai, hotuna - al'adun kimiyya, wanda yake ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyin ma'aikatar kimiyya.

Kyaututtuka da Kyauta

• 1914 - Helmholts Lambar
• 1915 - Umarni "Don yabo a Kimiyya da Art"
• 1918 - Kyautar Nobel a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi
• 1927 - Lambar Redal
• 1927 - Lambar Franklin
• 1928 - Adlschald na Adverschen
• 1929 - Max Tsarin Karatun Sama
• 1929 - Cutchy Indal
• 1932 - Gutrei lambar zinare da kyauta
• 1933 - Garnaca
• 1945 - Kyautar Götte