Tari
Eleanor Galperin, wanda aka sani da ainihin connoisseurs na kasashen waje ƙarƙashin sunan mai fassara da James Aldrjj daga Faransawa da Ingilishi zuwa Rasha na zamani.Haske na rubutu da edita na Dozen sanannen Romanov ya haɗu da ka'idodin aiki tare da rubutu da kuma a 1972 da aka buga littafin "maganar rayuwa. (Daga "Little Yarima" zuwa "jirgin ruwa na wawaye") ", wanda yanzu littafin koyarwa ne da ya dace kuma ya haɗa da manyan wuraren da ka'idar fassara.
Yaro da matasa
Eleanor Yakovlevna Galperin da aka haife shi a Odessa a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1912 a cikin Iyalan masu ilimi na Rashanci. Mahaifin Yakubu Isa Yaikovich, yahudawa na ɗan asalin yahudawa ne, yana da babban aiki wanda ya ba da izinin dangi don komawa Moscow.
Bayan an kama shi a cikin 1937 da 1950, tabo na rashin daidaituwa ya faɗi akan dukiyar halerSandrovna, da uwa ta Frederica Aleksandroven da kuma ƙayyade 'yar Soviet da kuma Cibiyar Buga ta Editor.
Lokacin da ƙungiyar ilimi ta halaka, Eleanora ya sauya zuwa jami'a ta ƙwarewa a cikin Pedagogy, kuma ya ɗauki karatun wallafe-wallafen ƙasashen waje, aunawa don kula da Ingilishi da Faransanci.
Kafa daga yara sun burge Halperin, kuma, a matsayin dan kasuwa, ta rubuta fewan wakoki. A cikin shekaru daliban, ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen na rubuce-rubuce, yarinyar ta fara rubuta litattafan kuma 1930s iya buga aikin nasa a cikin sanannun wallafe-wallafe.
A cikin karatun digiri, Eleanor ya kare batun nasa, wanda tarihin rayuwarsa da kuma tarihin malamin Faransa Arur Rembo da kuma matsayin marubucin mai ilimi ya fara bayyana a kai a kai tare da labarai na gargajiya.
Kafin farkon babban yakin mai kishin kasa, budurwa wacce ke cikin wallafe-wallafen Jaridar Nora "wallafe-wallafen Jaridar Antoine de Saint-Eringer" Play mutane ". Saboda kai kwatsam daga masu fasikanci, aikin ba a buga aikin ba, amma yarinyar ta kasance a karkashin wani ra'ayi mai zurfi game da karantawa kuma ya ci gaba da tsammanin sabbin littattafan marubucin Faransa.
Fassara da Gwaji
Halin da ake ciki ya yi tsanani, kuma don samun kuɗi, Nora ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Saiti da Lectoled da Temins akan wallafe na ƙasashen waje. A cikin lokacin sa, ita, ba tare da mallakar ikon polyglot ba, karanta ainihin littattafan da kuma fassara su cikin Rashanci tare da kamus. Rashin tabbas a cikin gwaninta, Gal da farko bai nuna wa kowa ayyukan kowa ba, kuma suna da ƙura a cikin tebur tebur na dogon lokaci.Halin da ake ciki ya canza bayan nores ya ba da littafin Faransa "Littlean Prince", marubucin wanda ya sa sha'awar yarinyar. Bayan karanta aikin, gal a wani ɗan gajeren lokaci ya yi fassarar rubutu kuma bayan 'yan makonni biyu sun nuna wata budurwa ta kusa.
Babban kokarin da aka shirya ta hanyar jagorar idiceals, amma kafin 1959 Ba wanda ya so ya buga aikin Eleanora. Bayan da Gal ya zama mai fassara kwararru da 'yan ƙasa na USSR tare da taimakonta ya karanta littattafan Ingilishi, "Littanna" da Faransanci, "Littari-tallacen".
A tsawon lokaci, marubucin ƙwararrun da kanta ta fara zaɓa da ayyukan kuma sun daina aiwatar da masu buga littattafai, jaridu da mujallu. An fifita aikin zamani tare da labari mai ban sha'awa, Gal ya fassara labarun sanannen mahaliccin "Jerome D. Sarringer, ya kashe MOCCingbird" Kashe manoman littattafai na mashahuran marubutan kasashen waje.
Tabbas, ba duk aikin da aka buga jakar ba nan da nan, wasu litattafan da ke da dust na dogon lokaci a shelves kafin Soviet Mutane sun samu damar karanta su. Irin wannan gomar ta sha wahala "jirgin ruwan" Catherine Annar, "krysolova" nevila rufe, "Shin kana son brahms?" Francoise sagan da "dieries" Rollan.
Ya fi kyau game da batun tare da littattafai da manya, a cikin wace nasarar gal ta samu mahimmancin ƙididdigar ƙa'idodi. Masu tallafawa sun saki litattafan almara na Alexander Duma, busassun Theoder, Main Reed da Herbert Wells, wanda ya wuce hannun mai fassara riga sanannen mashahuri.
Kwarewar Nora da aka tara NRA da aka yi wa bincike mai zafi kuma a cikin 1972 ya gama aiki a kan aikin ka'idoji, wanda aka sani da "maganar rayuwa". A ciki, Eleanor LED misalai na dacewa da rashin aiki tare da kayan yare tare da kayan yare da kuma yadda aka yi zanga-zangar a kan amfani da ofis da kalmomin kasashen waje.
Fitowar farko tana yaduwa kuma an buga wani bangare a cikin Jarida "Kimiyya da Rayuwa". Duk da haka, Gal bai daina aiki ba kuma a cikin 1979 ya gabatar da karanta masu karanta sabon sigar, an gama shi ta hanyar "Wizards" babi. Bayanan kallo da litattafan suna kallo Mista Evgenkiva Kalashnikova, Nina Leonidovna Volbon, Nina Leonidovna Volgin, Nina ya nanata da sauki na Rasha da kuma bita "suna" masu magana.
A sakamakon haka, littafin ya zama fa'idodin tebur don masu fassarar masu bincike kuma an sake buga sau 8 har zuwa 2015. A cikin sahun zaɓuɓɓuka, sabbin tarawa sun bayyana, kuma an haɗa labarin a cikin aikin kwarewar Julian "uku, wanda ya faɗi game da rayuwar yau da kullun da aikin na Ubangiji babban marubucin.
Rayuwar sirri
Nora Gal ya rayu lokaci mai tsawo, amma rayuwa ta kowa kuma rana daya yayi aure. An zabi shine matasa Phistoly, wanda Semi-ya wartsakala da kansa ya kira kansa da zurfin zurfin Walter Scott.
Kafin farkon babban yakin mai kishin kasa, masoya sun halatta dangantakar, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan Nora ta haifi Edward. Yarinyar da baƙon da baƙon da baƙon da ba a yi wa ba a yarda da girmama dangi na Edward Kabalevskaya, da kuma wargi nan da nan ya bayyana a cikin al'adar majalisar da dattijon da saurayi da dattijo.
Bayan mutuwar miji, harbe na masu fastoci a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe kusa da Smolensk a 1943, Gal kadai ya kawo karamin yaro da kuma gudanar da kudi ga laccan.
Zama sanannen mai fassara, Nora zauna a cikin sabis na Sirrika da Dozin shekaru kawai zasu iya samun nasa Apartment. Abin daɗaɗawar kuɗi ba su huta matar ba, har yanzu yana aiki a ranar 14 na kwana 14 a rana tare da hutu don bacci da gajerun tafiya.
'Yarin, ya haifar da irin wannan yanayin, ba zai iya shiga wasan jefa ruhu ba kuma a ƙarshen Cengagogical Cibiyar mujallar.
Mutuwa
Nora GA ne bai zama 23 ga Yuli ba, 1991, kuma a buƙatun dangi, dalilin mutuwarta ba a bayyana ba.A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar sanannen mai fassara, abokan aiki da magoya baya sun ba da kyautar da ke ɗauke da Tarihin A Gal Nora, a 2012 da magada na Edwark da Dmitry Kuzmine sun kafa KUZMINA Fassara ta Turanci-Rasha na karni na XX-XXi ƙarni.
Littafi daya
- 1935 - "Labarin abokai"
- 1936 - "Mutuwar gwarzo" R. Koldton "(labarin)
- 1938 - "Faransa ellens" (labarin)
- 1945 - "Abin da ya fusata ta Sonya S.?" (Labari)
- 1959 - "Jin kawancen" (labarin)
- 1960 - "Sama da mai yiwuwa" (labarin)
- 1963 - Anoine de Saint-expery (labarin)
- 1972 - "kalma tana zama da matattu"
- 1973 - "A kan wukake" (labarin)
- 1975 - "Kuma game da ofishin" (labarin)
- 1991 - "Makarantar Cashkin" (labarin)
Fassara
- Ray Bradbury "Garada a faɗuwar rana", "in ji dillalai"
- Jack London "Pearls lu'ulu'u ''," kasada a cikin Air teku "
- Charles Dickens "damu, ko fatalwa yarjejeniya"
- Herbert rijiyar "abinci na alloli"
- Edgar Allan a kan "rana", "Fall Fall gidan Ashers"
- Colin McCalow "wakoki a cikin ƙaya"
- Catarina annter "jirgin wawaye"
- Richard Etington "Mutuwar gwarzo"
- Antoine de Saint-Expery "Little Prince", "Planet na mutane"
- Albert Cari "Strrying"