Tari
Ernest Rutherfordfordford shine mai bincike wanda ya bunkasa tushe da kuma asalin ilimin kimiyyar nukiliya. Binciken masanin masanin ilimin ya mai da hankali a cikin tsarin tsarin zabin da atom da halayen abubuwan rediyo na rediyo. Ya yi aiki akan ƙirƙirar ka'idar game da cajin nucleai na zuci da wayoyin da ke kewaye da shi. An taimaka wajan kirkirar tsarin zarra na duniya, wanda ya zama babbar bude karni na 20. Masanin ilimin lissafi ya kuma nazarin abubuwa na radiation radiation.A cikin 1908, Rutherford ya zama mai ɗaukar nauyin kyautar Nobel don aiki akan canjin abubuwa da kuma nazarin abubuwa masu rediyo. Daga 1925 zuwa 1930 ya yi wa shugaban al'umma na al'umma London.
Yaro da matasa
Ernest da aka haife shi a New Zealand, a lokacin bazara gungum, kusa da birnin Nelson a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1871 kuma Birtaniya ce ta kasa. Mahaifaya, Scotsman a asali, wanda aka samu tare da sana'a mai ɗorewa, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta koyar a makarantar karkara. Yaron ya yi girma a cikin babban iyali tare da 'yan'uwa 6 da mata 5.
A farkon wurin aiki a gare shi shine kasuwancin da ake nufi da aikin, bisa ga Uba. Masanin masanin kimiyyar nan gaba ya samu a nan gaba da kwarewar da aka yi amfani da shi nan gaba don ƙirƙirar kayan da ake buƙata a gwaje-gwajen na jiki.
Ernest karatu a cikin HAVIhok, kuma a cikin 1887 ya sami tallafin karatu, wanda aka yarda ya ci gaba da karatunsu a Nelson. Yaro ya nuna wani babban sha'awar ilimi da kuma sha'awar duk abin da ya kewaye shi. Ya shiga kwalejin na Coletbury kuma ya fara bincike cikin sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi. Ma'aikata da sauri sun gode da yiwuwar dalibi. Bayan shekara 4, an bayar da rosford don mafi kyawun aiki a cikin ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi. A cikin shekarar 1892, Ernest ya zama Jagora na Art kuma ya tsunduma cikin bincike, yana ƙarfafa su da gwaje-gwajen.
Ana kiran aikinsa na farko "Magnetization na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin abubuwan da suka dace." Gwaje-gwajen da aka danganta da nazarin Rediyon Rediyon Mai Runduna. Masanin kimiyya ya tsara rediyo, gaban Marconi Mahalicci Mahalicci. Na'urar tafki ta hanya ta zama mai gano Magnetic na farko na duniya.
Tare da taimakonsa, alamomin Ernest samu cewa an canja abokan aiki yayin da yake rabin lita. Ya bayyana bayanin da aka karɓa a cikin labarin kimiyya game da jaridar "Labarin Cibiyar Falsafa na New Zealand" a shekarar 1894.
A cikin shekarar 1895, Rutherford ya karbi mafi kyautar lambar yabo: bayar da horo a Burtaniya. Irin wannan damar ta faɗi zuwa batutuwan da ba su da bambanci. Ernest ya zama cikin 2 masu sa'a, tsakanin abin da zaɓin shine ya yi, kuma ya yi sa'a: Abokin hamayyar ba zai iya tafiya ba. Masanin ilimin lissafi ya yi amfani da damar kuma ya zama ma'aikaci na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cavendyshevskaya a Ingila.
Aikin kimiyya
Tarihin rayuwar Rutherford shine hanya mai kyau. Kasancewa da ilimin lissafi na John Thomson, wanda ya mallaki hukuma a cikin jama'ar kimiyya, ya sami wani maatari. Thomson ya tare da shi ya yi nazarin gas na gas a ƙarƙashin tasirin X-ray.
Tuni, da 1898, wanda ya faru ya ci Rutherford ta kansa, nazarin "haskoki na Beighquil". Don haka ake kira Uranium Radadin Radiation. Ernest gane cewa ya cika tabbataccen alfa mai tabbataccen barbashi da beta barbashi mara waya. Karatun iri daya ne ya jagoranci Pierre da Maria Curie.
Ma'auratan sun rubuta aiki, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1898 ta hanyar ilimin kimiyya na Paris. Ya jawo hankalin Rosford tunanin kasancewar abubuwan da aka yi amfani da rediyo. Ernest da aka yanke kimanin rabin rayuwa, wanda ya bayyana halaye na abubuwa na rabin rai, kuma ya zama babban profile properor na rabin rai.
A cikin 1898, tun na ji cewa matsayin malamin Macuille ba shi da alama a Montreal Montreal, Rutherford ya koma wani sabon wuri. Don haka daga ƙarshe ya cire daga aikin THOMBONA. Idan ba tare da kwarewar da aka gabatar ba, addinin Ernest ya nuna damar da yawa cikin ayyukan koyarwa. Amma masanin kimiyyar solot ya fara sabon karatuna, kuma a cikin amsarsa, mutane masu ma'ana a shirye suke su shiga cikin binciken kimiyya.
Abrederick tare da Frederick Soddy a 1902-1903 don ƙirƙirar doka akan canjin rediyo. Ya bayyana cewa lokutan lalata ba sa haifar da gyara abubuwan da ba za a iya siyarwa ko tsayawa ba. Abokan sun kirkiro da dokokin canji. Bayan haka, wannan bayanan ya inganta Dmitry Mendeev tare da taimakon lokaci-lokaci. Ya juya cewa kaddarorin sun sabawa abu ya dogara da cajin kwayar zarra.
Ernest Rutherford ya ba da 2 Ayyukan kimiyya: "Ayyukan rediyo", da "canjin rediyo" na 1905th. Masanin ilimin lissafi ya yanke shawarar cewa atoms sune tushen radadi, kuma ci gaba da nazarin na'urar Kernel. Ya sanya gwaje-gwajen akan fassara kayan alpha Alpha Alpha, suna mamakin kwarara na barbashi da halayensu.
Masanin ilimin ya fara kawo zato na kwayar zarra. Rutherford ya ba da shawarar cewa zarra ya yi kama da digo tare da caji mai kyau, kuma a ciki ba shi da mummunar cajin wayoyin lantarki. Masanin masanin ya yi jayayya cewa, yana motsawa a ƙarƙashin tasirin sojojin Coumomb, masu wallafi suna ƙoƙarin shiga tsakiyar zarra, idan sun bar ma'auni, canji da radiation ƙirƙirar oscillation.
Rangeford Sallaceactes ya bayyana kasancewar Spricra, wanda duniya ta riga ta san. Gwaje-gwajen sun ba mu damar fahimtar cewa yawancin kwayoyin zarra suna da girma kamar baya ga baya. Mai binciken ya yi imanin cewa ya kasance a cikin cibiyar kuma yana ɗaukar duka taro na barbashi, da wayoyin lantarki suna cikin motsi akai-akai a kusa da shi. Don haka ya ƙirƙiri samfurin duniyar atom.
Ernest Rutherford ne tabbatacce, amma maganganu sun tashi game da bambancin hukunci. Tsarinsa ba a tsirar da tsarinsa tare da dokokin Elethrodynamics ba, wanda James Faika Maxwell da Michael Fareday. Sun tabbatar da cewa karbar hanzari ta yi watsi da makamashi saboda hasken lantarki saboda hasken lantarki, saboda haka Rutherford ya ci gaba da zama safu.
A cikin 1907, masanin kimiyya ya koma Manchester. Anan an san shi da godiya ga nasarorin. Rutherford hazaka ne a cikin cibiyoyin kimiyya na kimiyya, amma ya fifita Jami'ar Victoria, inda ya ci gaba aiki. A cikin 1908, a cikin haɗin kai tare da Hans Henig, ya ƙirƙira kanta a kanta.
Daga shekarar 19126, Rutherford yana aiki tare da Nels Bov, wanda ya zo da ka'idar Qusa, yana ba da shaida ga Orbs a atoms. Dangane da hujjojin masana kimiyya, wayoyin lantarki suna motsawa kusa da kwarjini a Orit. Model na marubucin Rutherford da Bera marubucin ya kasance mai nasara a cikin kimiyya da kuma tilasta su sake duba dabarun da aka kafa game da batun da motsinta. A shekara ta 1919, Rutherford ya zama farta a Jami'ar Cambridge da kuma jagorantar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cavendyshevskaya. An gama rikodin rikodin sa, yawan ɗaliban ya karu, kazalika da jerin lambobin yabo sun girmama.
A shekara ta 1914, Ruherbord ya zama mai daraja, a shekara ta 1931 ya sami labarin Ba'on ya zama Ubangiji. A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki a kan gwaje-gwajen akan tsaga na kwayoyin halitta da canjin abubuwan sunadarai. A cikin 1920, masanin ilimin ya zama na farkon wanda ya yi magana game da kasancewar Kamfanin Kamfanin Mass da makamashi.
Rayuwar sirri
Ernest Rutherford ya yi farin ciki a rayuwar mutum, auren Mary Gorgina Newton, uwargida na gidan aikina a Christchurch, inda likitan ya rayu. Dangantakar matan da ke haifar da gwajin lokacin: shekaru 5 sun wuce tsakanin sa hannu da bikin aure. Maryamu ta yi aure a cikin shekara ta 1895, lokacin da ya riga ya shahara a cikin al'ummar kimiyya. A cikin 1901, 'yar' yar Eileylin Maryamu ta bayyana ga haske.Mutuwa
Ɗan Mallafar Master, Ernest Rutherford ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga kimiyya. Bayan samun tsaunuka, ya juya ya zama alamar zamanin zamaninsa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ya juya cewa ilimin lissafi yana fama da gyaran Hernia, an yanke shawarar kula da shi da gata. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Aikin da ya wajaba ya kasance a shirye don koyar da mai tayar da tokar mai taken, kamar yadda ake buƙata ta hanyar mai mallakar Biritaniya "don yabo".
Zaɓin likita bai zama mai sauƙi ba, kuma a lokacin aiki, da kyautatawa Rutherford yana da mahimmanci. Sanadin mutuwarsa ya bauta wa waya daga likitoci. Ernest Rutherford ya mutu a 19 ga Oktoba 19, 1937, ya bar duniya zuwa ga gādon kimiyya da littattafai.
Masu binciken suka binne a Westminster Abbey. Hotunansa a yau yi ado shafi na litattafan litattafan litattafai da ganuwar jami'o'in fasaha da kayan gargajiya na duniya.
Littafi daya
- 1904 - "Romawa"
- 1905 - "Canji na rediyo"
- 1920 - "Bara-bashin AToms da Nitrogen Rattawa"
- 1923 - "Atomic bawo da kadarorinsu"
- 1923 - "gina zarra da kuma wucin gadi na lalata abubuwa"
- 1924 - "A cikin bin Tastom"
- 1924 - "atoms. Wayoyin lantarki. Eterher "
- 1928 - "Atomic nuclei da canjinsu"