Gustave flaubert - Hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, litattafan

Tari

A tsakiyar karni na XIX, Güsta, Gustava Flaubert suna dauke da jahilci na alkalami a kan Park tare da Gi de Mabassan da Onor De Balzac. Shahararren Flaux ya kawo littattafan "Mrs. Bovari" da "Ilimin Albarkatu", rubuce a cikin Irin Gaskiya Tare da Bayanan Adam.

Yaro da matasa

An haifi Gustave flaubert a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1821 a babban birnin tarihi na Normanany - Ruang. Taron tiyata Coleafrer da Anna Justin Caroline Fleurio, 'yar da Likita, da Dogara ta jira Gütava a cikin dangi: yarinya da yara maza biyu.

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Annabcin litattafan da Achille ya gaji sunan mahaifinsa ba sunan ba ne, har ma da wani 'yar'uwar ta zama shekaru 3 daga baya baƙo. Yaro sun shude a cikin yanayin ciki roƙo, wanda shugaban dangin yake aiki.

Sun ce flaubert ya zama da sha'awar yin wani shekaru 8, yayin karatu a Kwalejin Royal. A shekara ta 1832, saurayin ya shiga cikin Lyceum Corneelel, inda ya sadu da Ernest Vevalé, dan siyasa mai zuwa na gaba. Bayan shekaru biyu, abokai sun shirya mujallar da aka rubuta "Art da ci gaba", wanda a cikin wannan rubutun jama'a na farko an buga Flauberort.

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A shekarar 1840, marubucin marubucin ya tafi Paris don koyon dama. Babban birnin Faransa ya nemi ya kyana kyama, da kuma sana'ar da aka zaɓa tana ban sha'awa, don haka a ƙarshen shekara da ɗalibin ya bi ta hanyar tafiya guda da corsiica. Wannan lokacin tarihin marubucin ya bayyana a cikin "Memoirs na hauka" (1901).

A farkon 1846, mahaifin Flaubert ya mutu, yana barin ɗan 500,000 francs. Sa'an nan kuma saurayin ya fahimci cewa hukuncin yanke hukunci ba shi ne fushinsa ba, kuma ya jefa jami'a. Duk gado mai yiwuwa ya ba da damar rayuwar matasa mara kyau, koda yake a batun rashin aikin yi, don haka ya yanke shawarar gaba daya don yin rubutu.

Littattafai

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1851, Flaubert, flaim flauu buiucan, ya karbe wani abun Notsion "Mrs. Bakarta" (a wasu fassarorin - Mayame Bovarie). Watanni 56 daga baya, 1856, an gama littafin. Ta fito daga Oktoba 1 zuwa Disamba 15 na wannan shekarar a cikin Jarida "Nazarin Paris".Shiga cikin hotunan getty

A cikin Fabrairu 1857, darektan Paris Ferris da Gustva sun zarge flauberort da Gustva da rashin mutunci na jama'a da addini. " Marubucin ma ya bayyana a gaban kotu don "ƙazamar hoto na haruffa", amma azabar ta tsere. Ana cire zargin ba kawai ya ba da gudummawa ga buga Misis Bovarie wani daban ba, amma kuma ta samar da fantsality shahara.

A tsakiyar mãkirci - Emva Bovarie, mara farin ciki cikin matar aure. Madame ba ta jin kunya ya canza matar da ta fi son ta. Don kyaututtuka ga matasa zaɓaɓɓu mata, mace tana ciyar da yanayin iyali, tsawon lokaci tana fara kayan ado da dukiya. Mace active daga rashin gamsuwa da rayuwa mai kewaye da rashin amfani - wannan shine abin da ya faru da Misis Bovarie, da kuma ainihin matattarar matar ta - trigma na nondery.

Balf, tarihin yanayin yanayin Gustva flaubert flauster flaubert ba kawai kawai na Faransa Faransa ba, har ma da kundin adireshin XX da XXI ƙarni. Fim na farko akan littafin littafin "Misis Borkov" da marubuci, Argentinean, Argentinean, dan wasan Birtaniyya da Birtaniyya da Birtaniyya.

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Alamu na gaba na Flaubert ya banbanta da Misis Bovari - littafin tarihi "Salambo" game da yakin Libya, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 240-238 kafin. Ns. Canjin a cikin salon labarin da kuma sabon abu zaɓi na taken ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa marubucin da ya yi la'akari da shi "Romantic na ƙarshe", yayin da littafin game da slituer Mijin ya rataye shi a kan hatimin dabi'ar.

Salamo Flauher ya kusanci cikakken alhakin - ya yi karatu game da kundin 100 game da Carthage da abubuwan da suka faru na waɗancan lokutan, an gayyaci Tunisia. Shekaru 5 daga baya, aikin mai zafi, a cikin 1862, an haife sabon. Al'umman Faransa da yardar rai sun gane furucin gaske, gajiya da ayyukan gaske. An yaba da abun da ke ciki kuma a Rasha - sigar da aka fassara ta bayyana a cikin wannan 1862 a cikin mujallar "Bayanan kula".

Wataƙila mafi wuya flaubert don rubuta sabon labari "Ilimin Ilimi na Babban" (ko "Ilimin Ilimi"). Ya fara gabatar da tarihin tarihin a cikin Fabrairu 1843. Dalilin rubutu shine taron marubucin da Elise Schelesinger - mace mai tsufa, wanda flaubert ya faɗi cikin ƙauna.

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Gaskiyar da ta fito daga ƙarƙashin matsayin wani marubucen wani marubuci, a cikin da'irar marubuta, lamari ne da ake kira "na farko" na sirri ". An kammala sigar da aka halarta ta 1845, kuma ta buga bayan mutuwar flaubert - a cikin 1910th. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan labari ba shi da alaƙa da aikin da aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan iri ɗaya a 1869.

A cikin "girma", sigar karshe ta "ilimi na 1869, protagonist Frederick Mormo cikin soyayya da Maria Arnu, da aure Uwar Balzakovsky shekaru. Saboda tunani game da zaɓaɓɓu, Moro ba zai iya kafa dangantaka da sauran mata ba, yana haifar da bikin salo da kuma mirgine zuwa kasan. Bayan shekara 27, Moro da Arna da alama cewa duk wannan lokacin yana ƙaunar juna kuma, kodayake sun kasa more rayuwa da juna, sun yi farin ciki. Sun fashe, sun gamsu da karuwa.

"Rufewar ji" wanda ya haifar da mummunan bayani game da masu sukar daga masu sukar da abokan aiki flaubert akan Peru, amma kowa ya bayyana cewa kowa ya bayyana cewa kowa ya nuna cewa wani tarihin aikin. GI de MAUPASTAN ya ce "da yawa daga cikin rai ya kammala da kuma baƙin ciki da aka kammala a wannan labari", Emil Zola ya kira aikin "na sirri" flaubert. Somerset Mohem ya yi jayayya cewa "Frederick Moro wani bangare ne na hoton flaubert kansa, wanda marubuci ya ga kansa."

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Duk da mafi yawan cin zarafin lafiya da kuma yawan hare-hare da yawa, a watan Afrilu 1874, Gustave Flaubert ya wallafa sigar karshe ta waƙar "Garuwar St. Anthony". Tunanin aikin an haife shi a cikin 1845, lokacin da marubucin ya ga hoton Peter Breygel iri ɗaya sunan - ƙaramin. Jarumi na wakar duniyar Anthony, kamar wata-wolfn Wolfgang von Goethe, an tilasta shi ta hanyar jarabawar aljannu zuwa rai mai farin ciki.

A cikin Maris na wannan shekarar, gwajin "gwaji uku ya fito, wanda ya hada da" sauki rai "," urinodia ". Waɗannan ayyukan flaubert suna ɗauke da sauran tsakanin halittar ma'aikata na ƙarshe - Littafi "Buyar da Beiyusha". Saboda shigar da marubucin, halittar kowane jagorar da aka yi wa tsawon watanni shida.

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Littafin satari "Bwwar da Beiyusha", wanda rubutu wanda ya fara a cikin 1872, ba a ƙaddara shi don samun ƙarshen - da aka raunana lafiyar da marubucin ya yi gazawa ba. An buga littafin Nove wanda ya shafa a 1881.

A tsakiyar makircin - Mazajen mazajen Buhar da Beiyusha, wanda ba zato ba tsammani suna samun masaniya a kan titi. Dukansu biyun sune masu aiki, amma a asirce suna mafarkin zuwa ƙauyen da shiga cikin aikin gona. Abokai sun yanke shawara a ƙarshe, mafarkar mafarki zuwa gaskiya kuma sayi gida. A karo na farko mutane suna son kamun kifi, shiga, Art, amma a kan lokaci sun fahimci cewa ainihin farin ciki shine sake rubuta. Endarshe tare da novel ya kamata ya zama abin da ya faru wanda BWWAR da beusha cika zanen takarda a ƙarƙashin littafin juna.

Rayuwar sirri

A cikin bazara na 1846, Roman Flaubert tare da Faransa Peiz Coola ya fara. A haruffa ga ƙaunataccen, wanda ya cimma wannan rana kuma aka buga a cikin littafin "Verbena da Musk", marubucin Faransanci, dangantakar da ke tsakanin namiji da mace. Harafin ƙarshe ya kwanan wata Maris 6, 1855.

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Flaubert ya yi murkushe a Brussels, Paris, Munich, bai ji rauni da mata da mutane masu sauki ba, amma, duk da rayuwar mutum, matar sa da yaransa ba su samu ba. Wannan matsayin shine saboda ambaton daga harafin Kole na 11 ga Disamba, 1852:

"Tunanin kawo wani ga duniya ya cika ni da tsoro. Da na la'anta kaina idan na zama Ubana. Zai fi kyau ka mutu fiye da yadda nake yiwa wani a kan abin da ya faru. "

Mutuwa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Gamusva Flaubert yana da ƙara damuwa da epilesy. Abokan da mantawa da su, hasken wallafe-wallafen Faransanci sun mutu a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1880 a ƙauyen Croaset. Dalilin mutuwa shine basur a cikin kwakwalwa yayin harin na gaba.

Jaruwar ya faru ne a ranar 11 ga Mayu a cikin shahararren marubutan - Emil Zola, GI De Mashassant, Edmond DoDé. Jikin ya kasance a kan kursiyin murabus.

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Yawancin ayyuka, daruruwan fina-finai, jami'o'i da tituna da ake kira sunansa zauna a ƙwaƙwalwar flaub. A cikin Ruang, a cikin 2008, Gustava Flaubert an gina shi - gada mai zurfi a cikin Turai, wanda duka ya ɗaga hanya Cannon shine 55 m.

Amma abu mafi mahimmanci shine aikin flausert yana da tasiri mafi yawan marubutan zamani: Idan ba "filin Franz Kafka ko Jean-filin Sartre ba. Marubutan Faransawa har yanzu suna sanya flaubert don mataki guda tare da irin waɗannan 'yan majalisar na ƙasa, kamar Arthur Ramo da Charles Baudler, da maganganun ba da labari, da kuma maganganun ba da labari.

Faɗa

"Kasance mai wawa, mai son kai ne kuma ka mallaki lafiya - waɗannan su ne sharuɗan guda uku da ake bukata. Amma idan farkonsu bai isa ba, to sauran basu da amfani. "" Liearya ta zama bukatar ta, mania, jin daɗi, kuma idan ta yi tafiya a gefen dama na titi, to, ya zama dole Don yin imani da cewa a zahiri ta kasance "." Ba za ku iya taɓa gumaka ba: Gilding ya rage akan yatsunmu. "

Littafi daya

• 1838 - Mabuɗin hauka "
• 1842 - "Nuwamba"
• 1857 - "Mrs. Bovarie"
• 1862 - Salambo "
• 1868 - "Ilimin nutsuwa"
• 1874 - "Gwajin lokacin St. Anthony"
• 1877 - "Labarun uku"
• 1881 - "Buvar da pekuy"
• 1913 - "Lexicon na gaskiya mai yawa"