Tarihi
Halin ban dariya "Nepallah" Denis fonvizin. Wani mai arziki mai kyau Sophia, gaskiya ne, kyakkyawa da yarinya mai ilimi, wanda Misis Prostakova mafarki na aurar da kansa, mai arha Mitrofan. Dalilin haka shine arzikin babba, wanda prostakova yake so a sanya shi.Tarihin halitta
![Denis fonvizin Denis fonvizin](/userfiles/126/1168_1.webp)
Na farko rubuce-rubuce na wasan suna kwanan nan ga 70s na karni na XVIII. Fonvizin ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci "ba shi da tsada" kuma ya sanya Sketch na farko kafin a fara wasa da wasan. A yayin aikin, marubucin ya ja hankalin kayan da ake heterogenous - labaran daga saturorizan marubuta, har ma da ƙasashen da ke nuna wariyar launin fata na biyu. Tsarin karshe na wasan ya bayyana a 1781.
Na gaba shekara shi ne farkon mataki na wasa. Dole ne marubucin ya yi ƙoƙarin ya ba shi damar zai yiwu, saboda codanawa ba sa son tsallake wasan. A ƙarshe, pvress Catherine na na biyu da kaina sun ba da izinin samar. Fonvizin da kansa ya karba 'yan wasan kuma sun yi darakta. An gudanar da wasan akan tsaritsyn makiyaya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha. Aikin babban jigon a Premiere an yi shi ta dan wasan Ivan Dmitrievesky. Farkon littafin wasa a kan takarda ya faru a cikin 1783.
"Nepal"
![Actalsedy Actalsedy](/userfiles/126/1168_2.webp)
Sokeys - Marbleaman na shekaru sittin, a da, a da, ya kunshi aikin soja. Jarumin ya yi imanin cewa sojoji ne kawai ke sa samari suka cancanci taken mai daraja, wanda ya ci gaba da asalin, kuma ba saboda halayyar mutum ba. A cikin matasa shekaru, gwarzo ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ji rauni, saboda abin da ke kwance a cikin cuta mai zurfi. Sannan an dauki gwarzo zuwa ga doro na sarki.
Babban yanayin Senior ya samu ta shi kadai. Dattawa, a sha'awarsu, sun bar Siberia, sun rayu a can shekaru kuma sun yi wani yanayi da ayyukansa, yayin da ya kasance mai gaskiya. Siberiya ta zaɓi Siberiya, saboda yana yiwuwa a sami kuɗin da gaskiya - ba walarren kansa ba, ba tare da ji kafin yaƙi ba kuma ba ya yaƙi. Rushndev, gwarzo ya tafi Moscow.
Dattawa mutum ne mai wayo wanda zai iya samun hanyar fita daga yanayin tashin hankali. Jarumin da ke ba da tabarau kuma karanta littattafai, duk da cewa samar da wani dattijon ya kasance nesa da manufa. Mahaifin yayi kokarin ba da gwarzo mafi kyawun ilimi, kamar yadda farawa ne da ya ce, "Hanyoyin ilimin sa," an sami karancin hanyoyin da yawa.
![Mitromanushka Mitromanushka](/userfiles/126/1168_3.webp)
Mahaifin gwarzo ya yi aiki da Bitrus mai girma. Sannan, kyawawan dabi'u masu sauki suna sarauta da mutane sun juya ga juna a "kai". An samo dattawan a cikin hadisai, da kanta tana magana ne ta nuna alama da aka bincika ta yadda ya "tunani a zamanin". Jarumi ba ta burge darajoji ba, kuma yana jin daɗin mutane kawai, ba mai kula da matsayin masu wucewa ba. Gwarzo da kansa ba ya bin jarfa. Halin da ya bar yadi na sarki ba tare da lambar yabo da dukiya ba, amma riƙe nasa yadda aka tsayar da matsayin nasa active.
Platodum halayyar madaidaiciya ce cewa wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar mutane don haushi, saboda jaruntaka ba ta curvate da rai, ba da rashin lafiya kuma ya gaya wa mutane abin da yake tsammani. A wani gwarzo, hakan ma yana godiya da ƙarfin zuciya da "rai", kamar yadda Uara ya koyar da gwarzo. A lokaci guda, gwarzo tare da shekaru ya zama mutum mai hade ya kuma daina yin biyayya da maƙasudin farko. A cikin matasa, firistocin sun kasance masu nadama, wanda ke nadama, yana tunanin cewa idan zai zama mafi kyau fiye da mallakar kansa, tarihin rayuwar dole ne in ba haka ba.
![Starasoodes da Sophia Starasoodes da Sophia](/userfiles/126/1168_4.webp)
Jarumi ya yi rayuwa kuma zai iya ganin mummunan mutum. Harafin ya shafi Villain Ba tare da ƙauna ba kuma ya kira kansa "aboki na mutane masu gaskiya." Hero ba tare da son kai ba ga masifantar mutum kuma ba ya yarda da rashin adalci. The Ftodul ya faru, ya mamaye rashin adalci, murabus. A lokaci guda, gwarzo mai karimci ne, san yadda za a gafarta wa mutanen da ba wasu ayyukan da ba mazauna ba kuma baya son zane na mutuwa. Misali, gwarzon gwarzo yana gafarta ma'anar prostata.
A halin da aka mallaka na jihar ya lashe ta hanyar sofa - da kawai dangi, wanda aka dauraye da makaman. Ga gwarzo, yana da mahimmanci cewa zaɓaɓɓen ɗaya daga Sofiya mutum ne mai cancanta. A lokaci guda, baƙon ya ba baƙin ciki da talauci na Jami'in Millon - wanda ya ƙaunace shi da makiyan Sofia, saboda dukiyar gwarzo tana da kyau sosai don samar da dangi na yara. Stoys na koyar da Sophia Sophia.
Stokers misalai ne na yadda cikin nasara cikin nasara na gaskiya da hikima zai iya.
Faɗa
Stokers ya zama mai nuna ra'ayoyin marubucin. A cikin kalmomin halayen, ana ɓoye tunanin Fonvizin akan al'amuran daban-daban da kuma ra'ayin siyasa na marubuci. Hero yayi magana, alal misali, game da sani da dukiya:
"Na yarda in kira mai farin ciki da arziki. Ee, da farko sun yarda, wanene mai amincewa, wanda yake wadata. Ina da lissafi na. Na lissafta matakin ilimi, na lissafta yawan lokuta cewa babban mutum-mutumi ya yi wa Uama, kuma wanda ya ƙidaya kuɗi da yawa don taimakawa wadancan waɗanda ba su da buƙata. "Oh nalawar:
"An maye gurbin nagarta da komai, kuma kyawawan halaye ba zasu iya maye gurbin komai ba."Game da Serfom:
"Fahimci bautar da kanka kamar unplanes."A kan tarbiyar matasa mai daraja:
"Tunanin, tunda shi ne tunanin kawai, mai madauri. Mun ga abin da yasan tunanin da muke ganin mazaje masu bakin ciki, masu bakin ciki, 'yan kasar na bakin ciki. Farashin kai tsaye yana bada aminci. Ba tare da shi ba, mai hankali ɗan dodo ne. "![Da kuma pravdin Da kuma pravdin](/userfiles/126/1168_5.webp)
A cikin sauran Aphorisms, da suka bayyana bayyana ra'ayin marubucin a jihar da kuma hidimar Uama:
"Pravdin. Amma wadanda suka cancanci mutanen da ke hidima jihar a cikin jihar ... tituna. O! Wadancan ba sa barin yadi don gaskiyar cewa suna da amfani ga yadi, wasu kuma suna da amfani a gare su. Ban taɓa kasancewa daga farkon kuma ba na so ya kasance cikin na ƙarshen. "" Al'arshi mai kyau na sarki zai nemi ɗaukaka ran abubuwansa. "" Pravdin. Don haka a cikin mutane masu kyau basu da rashin, yanzu kokarin musamman game da tarbiyyar ... Ya kamata ya zama mabuɗin ga jindadin jihar. Mun ga duk mummunan tasirin mummunan ilimin. "Ko kuma yayi magana game da ɗan ƙaramin Bitrus yana da girma, sabanin samfurin, sabanin ƙwararrun jarumai na Catherine tare da Meneges:
Mahaifina ya rabu da ni a kan wannan, amma ban sami kanku don sake koyar da kanku ba. Ya bauta wa Bitrus mai girma. Sai mutum ya kira ku, ba ku ba. Bayan haka ba su sani ba tukuna sun kamu da mutane sosai domin kowa ya ɗauki kansa da yawa. Amma wadanda ba da yawa ba su tsaya kawai su kadai. "