Tari
A lokacin rayuwarsa, Gustav Midan ya zama sanannen a matsayin mafi kyau a tsakanin opera da alamomi na Austria. Kuma kawai kunkuntar magoya bayan magoya baya ne cewa a gaban masu m mawuyacin hali. Gaskiyar cewa Mahler ita ce mai shekara mafi girma na karni na ashirin, ɗan'uwan ƙasar da ke ƙasa ta koyi rabin karni bayan mutuwarsa.Tsarin mawaki ya juya ya zama gada, daure soyayyar karni na XIX da zamani. Ayyukan kiɗa na marasahel sun zama tushen wahayi da abin da ake yi don yin kwaikwayon da aka nuna na Benjamin, da kuma waƙoƙin sa da juyayi da suka yi juyayi a tsaye a cikin wake.
Yaro da matasa
An haifi mawuyacin hali na nan gaba da kuma mai gudanar da mai mulkin Austro-Hungarian, yanzu Czech Bohemia a cikin bazara na 1860. Gustav shi ne yaro na biyu na Yahudawa da Maryamu Jamus da Bernachd Mer. A cikin duka, 14 yara da aka haife a cikin iyali, amma 8 ga ƙananan cututtuka da talauci. Zai yi wuya a gabatar da dangi ƙasa da ci gaban ƙa'idar ƙa'idar. Uba, kazalika da kumar Gustav a kan layin mahaifin, mai Teaser ne. Mama - 'yar ƙaramar masana'anta.
Damar haɓaka ƙwarewar Pengenital kuma ƙulla tarihin ra'ayi tare da fasahar kiɗa ta bayyana a gabashin garin Jihlava a gabashin garin Jihlava a gabas na Johla na Johlava a gabas na Johla Johlava a gabas na Johla Johlava a gabas na Johla Johlava a gabas na Johla Johlava a gabashin Johla Jerch Jamhuriyar, ya zama mafi yawan Jamusanci. Anan Gustab Da farko ya ji gaba daya da Opera Opera gaba daya. Matashi Maller nan da nan na maimaita wasu karin karin waƙoƙi akan dagawa tare a kai, bada fahimtar iyayen cewa akwai kyama da cewa akwai wata hanya mai walƙiya a ciki.
Yana da shekara 6, Gustava ya zauna don Piano, yana saƙar malamin kiɗan. A cikin 10, yaron ya rubuta matakai na farko kuma ya bayyana a kan mataki: An gayyace wa mawaƙan mawaƙa don shiga cikin ƙungiyar birni. Na farko ambaci na Meler a matsayin kwanakin mawuyacin baya zuwa 1874. Mutuwar ya buge da mutuwar ɗan'uwan ɗan shekaru 13, Gusera kuma ba a kiyaye rubutun ba. A cikin motsa jiki, saurayi mai ya mai da hankali ga sojoji a waƙoƙi da wallafe-wallafe: fiye da Maltter bai burge komai ba.
Uba, wanda ya yi niyyar girma mataimaki a kasuwancin dangi, ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza hankalin ɗansa da sha'awar Somikuum Prugecious, amma ƙoƙari ya kasa. Manya-Babban Pastulated da kuma cire fesa a Vienna, da tunatar da kula da sanannen Pianist da Malami Julius Epstein. Farfesa ya lura da baiwa ta lardin kuma an bada shawarar shigar da Conservatory na Vienna. Gustav yayi karatu a ƙarƙashin farkon Epstein a cikin aji na Piano.
A cikin wannan 1875, Gustab Namiji ya ji cewa ya shiga cikin babban birnin Turai na Turai. Na wata daya da rabi a cikin Vienna, Richard Wagner ya daina, da al'adu da al'adu na babban birnin. Ba guda opera ba, samar da abin da ya jagoranci, mai sha'awar Conservatory bai rasa ba. A Vienna, ruhun Beethoven da Schubert Veda, ya kirkiro mawuyacin hali da Pianist Johannanes, wanda ya yi tasiri a farkon kirkirar Merer.
Parline Patty da paoline Luka sun haskaka a kan wasan wasan kwaikwayon, a kide kide da kide kide da kungiyar Hans-Oron ya ba da laccoci wanda Gustav Metter murna da murna. Bayan shekaru 4, saurayin matasa ya hada da Cantatha "song song", a cikin wane irin al'amura biyu - wagner da roba ji.
Baya ga koyo a cikin Conservatory, Gustav ya nuna sha'awar falsafar falsafa. Shekaru biyu suka ziyarta laccoci kan batun a Jami'ar Vienna. Don rage ƙarshen tare da ƙarshen, mawaƙin ya ba da darussan wasan PIANO. Tuni kawai maltter ya dace da kyakkyawar makoma a matsayin Pianist. Mawaki sun kware da malamai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya malamai yarda da shakku.
Kiɗa
Vienna ta zama mawaƙa ta ƙasa ta biyu, ta shafi dandano, tantance muhimmiyar hanya, bayar da ilimi mai sauƙi. A shekarar 1881, Gustav Mier ya gabatar da halittar "Songive Song" a gasar betho daga shekara. An halarci jakar da ta gabata: Juyin Juyin sun ba da dabino na zakaru da kyautar robert fuchs.
Kayar ba kawai ya yi rauni ba kawai buga wa Samoda Merer, har ma, ya ce, ya rinjayi ƙarin zabi. Gustavy ya ragu a matakin rabin shirye-shiryen Opera, "Talubheval" Talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo ya miƙe a Lybakh (a yau Ljubljana). Sannan ya karbi wani shirin shiga Olmyuz, inda zan kare kamfanin da ke shugabancin kungiyar Orchestra. An ci gaba da aiki a wasan kwaikwayon Vienna Karl, inda aka danƙa shi ga aikin Khommerster.
A cikin 1883, Gustavu an ba da matsayin na biyu na shugaba na sarauta na sarauta a cikin Hessan kassel, inda yake zama tsawon shekaru 2. Ba a yarda da su cikin ƙauna tare da mawaƙa Johan Richan, maza ya rubuta sake zagayowar "waƙoƙin sanye da shekaru 13, daga baya. Ana kiran aikin da mafi yawan soyayya a cikin al'adun da mahimmancin.
Saboda bambance-bambance tare da jagorancin wasan kwaikwayo, Mall ya bar Kassel a cikin tsakiyar 1880s, tunda ya karbi Anenelhent a Prorera na Prague Jamus. Babban birnin Czech Republic ya dauki shugaba da kyau, kuma darektan wasan kwaikwayo na Angelo Neuman sosai sosai godiya ga Sayen Gasar Gustav, ya kalli ta Daraktan Tafiya. A Prague, Maleer da farko ya ji dandano daukaka kuma ya ji canjin zuwa matakin karamar gwiwa.
Yarjejeniyar da ta kammala da sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leipzig na 1886/1887 kakar tilasta wa merer don barin zakarun baƙi.
Gwajin Gustav MALER tare da farkon wasan Opera "uku", wanda aka gudanar a watan Janairu 1988. Mai mawaki a bukatar da yaƙin wanda ya kirkiro Romantic Opera Karl Weber ya kara da wani aiki mai gina jiki, kuma ya da kyau, an gudanar da shi a kan manyan al'amuran a Jamus.
A cikin bazara na 1888, ƙaunar matsaloli sake yin wahayi zuwa ga mawuyacin don ƙirƙirar aikin ban mamaki - waƙar farko. A yau ita ce mafi yawan lokuta kashe kuma sanannen bayanin imel na Merer.
Bayan ya yi aiki a Leipzig 2 yanayi, mawaƙin ya bar garin. Rikicin da mataimaki da sha'awar matsa zuwa Budapest, inda aka ba da wurin darektan kungiyar wasan kwaikwayon na sarauta da kuma matukar nadama. Kudi, da ƙari daidai, rashi, guba da rayuwar mawuyacin. Bayan rasuwar Uba da mahaifiyar, ɗan'uwana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun ci gaba da kulawa.
Daraktan Ba da amfani ba gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mall ya yi aiki. Don watanni shida ya gudanar ya juya wasan wasan kwaikwayon na Royal zuwa na kasa, bayan ya kawar da yawon shakatawa da kirkirar Orta da Wagner Opera a cikin Timpertoire. Darakta ya yi nasarar "Jawo" zuwa wurin wasan kwaikwayon Opera Diva Lilly Lehman, sanannen SPRANO na musamman.
A cikin bazara na 1891, Marler ya amsa gayyata daga Hamburg na Hamburg: An kira shi a kan mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon Opera na Jamus da Munich, a matsayin darekta da Maceer. Bude Budapest tilasta ba wai kawai gayyatar gayyatar ba, amma sabon tsananin gidan wasan kwaikwayon Richi - ɗan kiba wanda ba ya son ganin shugaban opera na gabas.
A farkon shekara mai zuwa, Gustav Miner ya sa a mataki na Hamburg mataki Oper Perter Tchaikovsky "Eugene Diller". Mawakin Rasha da mai jagorar ya isa Hamburg don tsayar da na'urar wasan kwaikwayon na, amma, ganin mai cin abinci a wurin aiki, ya ki. TChaikovsky sun kira abokin aikinsa na Jamusanci.
A Hamburg, mawaki sun ba da tarin waƙoƙi "ƙaho na ƙaho na yaron", ɗaukar sunan mawakan mawakan mawakan mawuyukan Heidelberg Mug a matsayin tushen. Rubutun daga mai tara maharan da aka yi amfani da shi lokacin da ya hada zina uku - na biyu, na uku da na hudu.
An lura da nasarorin da mawuyacin hali da kuma shugaba a Hamburg a Vienna. Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1890s, kotun na kotu sun aika da wakilai a gare shi, amma maza ba su ragu ba, tsoron tsoron anti-semitic a can. Amma Vienna da ake kira da Manila. A cikin Fabrairu997, Gustav aka yi masa baftisma a Katolika da kuma a cikin bazara saka sa hannu a karkashin kwangila tare da budurwa ta kotu, ta zama mai jagoranci na uku.
Hanyar zuwa ɗaukaka ta zama takaita ce, amma amma namiji ya sami damar zartar da shi, kuma a ɗauki aikin gidan wasan kwaikwayon. Babu wani shahararren adadi a cikin birni, ko da yake akwai missifors. Shahararren Sythony an haife shi a cikin Vienna, wanda ya raba zamani a cikin sansanonin biyu: Wasu sun ga rashin ƙarfi kuma a wuyansu, wasu sun kasance masu baƙin ciki don amfanin sama. Daga shida, ta bakwai da na takwas Syatulon ya bayyana.
A cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Gustav Mamiji ya kafa sabbin dokoki da umarni cewa ba kowa da kowa ke so. Wadanda suka sanannu sun ji a baya a bayan al'amuran wasan kwaikwayon, ya fusata ga haramcin dakatarwar lokacin da ya farka.
A cikin 1907, mai daurin kai ya ji ciwo, ya gaji da jijiyoyin ciki da matsalolin kiwon lafiya tilasta da Matra ta fi so, wanda aka sadaukar har shekara 10. Jagoran kayan aikin ya nada fensir na maza tare da yanayin cewa mai gudanar ba zai yi aiki a kowane ɗayan opasrian na Austrian ba. Amma izinin kuɗi ya juya ya zama mai saurin zama mai ban tsoro cewa Gustavu ya yi aiki sosai.
Ya sami aikin a cikin wasan wasan kwaikwayon New York. A wannan lokacin, "Waƙar duniya" da kuma Scheothony an haife shi. A aikin mawaki, tasirin rubutu na Nietzsche, Schopenhauer da dostovsy ya shafa. Master na ƙarshe da aka girmama. A cikin balaga da aka yaba.
Rayuwar sirri
Loveauna ta kawo wahayin wahayi, amma ba farin ciki bane a rayuwar mutum. A cikin 1902, marler ya jagoranci alma Schindler tsawon shekaru 19, wanda ya yi tayin bayan kwanan wata ta huɗu. Matar ta haifi Gustavu yara biyu - yan matan Maryamu da Anna.
Da farko, rayuwar matan sun yi kama da Idyll, amma a shekara ta biyar, matsalar kuma ga gidan sun zo Vienna. Yarinya mara lafiya da kuma yarinyar matasa sun mutu, Mariya mai shekaru 4. Ba da da ewa, likitoci da aka gano da cutar zuciya cuta a mafi yawan Matra. Mountain yana tura mata don rubuta waƙoƙin murya "songs game da yaran da suka mutu."
Rayuwar iyali ta karye. Alma - Mawallafin mai fasaha da mawaƙa - ya tuna da talanti marasa yawa: a baya, matar kawai tana kallon wasan da aikin da aikin ke tunawa. Ba da da ewa tana da sabon labari tare da sanannen masani, wanda mazaunin keɓaɓɓiyar ilimi. Amma ma'auratan basu raba ba, amma sun yi rayuwa tare har zuwa mutuwar mawaki.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1910, lafiyar Matra ta tsaya: An bayyana jerin abubuwan da aka bayyana a cikin zuciyar rikitarwa. Amma maza ya ci gaba da aiki. A watan Fabrairun 1911, mawakin mara lafiya ya tsaya ga na'urar bidiyo, da ke hana wani shirin ya ƙunshi ayyuka na Italiya.
Fatal don Gustav akwai kamuwa da cuta wanda ya haifar EdendoCarditis. Ya sa mutuwa. Jagora ya mutu a cikin asibitin Vienna a watan Mayu. Kabarin Maliti yana kusa da jana'izar Site na Yarinyar da ya mutu a cikin hurumi na kore.
An harbe fim din game da rayuwar m mawuyacin hali da shugaba. An gayyaci Darakta Ken Russell a Robert Powell a kan rawar da babban hali. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine dangin Maleer tare da Beyonce fiye da tauraron Amurka yana alfahari da shi.
Moreical ayyuka
- 1880 - "song song"
- 1885-1886 - "Waƙoƙin Sako na Maɗaukaki
- 1892 -1901 - "Sihiri Kakakin
- 1901-1902 - "Waƙoƙi a kan waƙoƙin wauta Ryuckert
- 1901-1904 - "Waƙoƙi game da mamacin yara
- 1884-1888 - Lambar 1
- 1888-1894 - Symphony lamba 2
- 1895-1896 - Lambar Symphony 3
- 1899-1901 - Symphony 4
- 1901-1902 - Symphony Lambar 5
- 1903-1904 - Symphony lamba 6
- 1904-1905 - Symphony 7
- 1906 - Symphony lamba 8
- 1909 - Symphony Lamari 9
- 1908-1909 - "Waƙar Duniya"