Tari
Alexander Triponovich TvarvSky - Marubucin Soviet, wanda aka ƙaddara don ƙirƙirar hoto mara mutuwa na soja Vasily Turkin. A cikin rayuwa mai kyau akwai abubuwan da yawa waɗanda suka yi wa mawaƙa da nasara, suka ci nasara.Ayyukan da ke cikin Twardowsky a matsayin editan-in-dokar mujallar "Sabuwar World" ta haifar da rashin gamsuwa da jami'an babban takarda da kuma buga gidaje na USSR. Ya yi tafiya a kan akida. Yanzu ana kiran wannan 'yan' yan adawa, kuma Alexander Truifonovich, bisa ga sukar:
"Littattafan rubuce-rubuce da mutane masu kirkire-kirkira daga magabata, wanda aka tilasta da su ta hanyar tarihi, yanayi."Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1910 a kan gonar gonar, a cikin filin POCHinkovsky gundumar smintensk. Ta wurin amintattun Uba, filin kuma zai kira filin wasan ruwan Forosha Podlinovo. Wannan ƙasa, dangin Tronon Gordeevich ya samu ta hanyar banki ta hanyar Sassan. Shi ne mai ban mamaki baki, amma ya so ya sadaukar da kansa zuwa gona. Mahaifiyar mawaƙar Maria Mitofanovna ta tsunduma cikin yadi masu ƙyalƙyali kuma ta damu a gida.
Dangane da tunanin Alexander Trufonovich, da iyalin sun rayu da wahala, ko da yake akwai wani saniya da wadata. Iyali sun yi mulki yanayi na musamman, wanda ke da tasiri a kan tsinkaye na kirkirar rayuwar ɗan ƙaramin Sasha. Mahaifiya za ta iya shafa wa hawayen waƙoƙin da ma'aikata suka rera a fagen, ko ra'ayi na itacen da ba kowa. Ta shiga tare da duk rai tare da ra'ayoyin da ake ganin halitta kuma ba za a iya ba da hadaya da kamshin ɗanɗano sabo da kuma rufe ƙasa ba bayan ruwan sama.
Uba a maraice karanta 'ya'yan littattafai. A cikin tarihinsa, Tentyarvsky ya rubuta cewa ta wannan hanyar ne ya sadu da aikin bututun Alexander, Mikhamil Lermontov, Nikolai Gougol da Alexei Tolstoy. Tripon Gordeevich sun yi rawa sosai kuma san masu yawa poems da zuciya. Aya ta farko Matasan Twardovasky da aka kirkira lokacin da bai iya rubutu ba tukuna. Ya ce ba shi da "kuma Laada, babu jere."
"Na tuna sosai cewa akwai m, mai zafi a gaban bugun zuciya, sha'awar ta haihu da dony, kowane irin ra'ayi," in ji Alexander Truifonovich.Iyaye suna bi da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban don rubuta ɗiya. Mahaifiyata ta yi nadama da damuwa, kamar dai ya ji baƙin ciki game da rabo. Mahaifinsa yana da girman kai, amma bisa ga littafin da ya san cewa aikin rubutu baya kawo babban kuɗi. Sauran daga Mahalicci kuma ba su da ikon ba da izini da matalauta.
A 13, Alexander yana nuna waka ga malamin. Ya fara yada shi: Ba za ku iya rubutawa ba saboda haka komai a bayyane yake. A cewar shi, a cikin littattafan na zamani ya zama dole cewa komai ya dace kuma ba a iya fahimta ba. Kuma kamar yadda tabbacin maganarsa ya ba ɗan don karanta yaran farkon 20s. Yarinyar tana da shakku game da iyawarsu.
A shekarar 1924, ya fara rubuta labarai na jaridu na smolensk don batutuwa na takaice - Bagaden Bagaden hannu, Zagi na jami'ai. A kan gona, mazaunan sun zo gare shi kuma galibi suna ganin komsomol ttlardovsky tare da gunaguni don rubutu game da wani don hukunta.
A wannan lokacin, Alexander ya dawo don rubuta waƙoƙin. A cikin jaridar "smolenskaya ƙauyen" an buga aya "Sabon Izba". Yana zuwa Scolensk, zuwa ofishin edita na "Hanyar aiki", inda ya saba da Mikhail Isakovsky.
Ina son waƙoƙin wardowcom. Tabbas, sun kasance cikakke, kazalika da wautar kowane mawaƙi na Nuhu, amma ba ya da wahala a sanar da cewa Tafiyavarvsky ta rubuta ba a cikin ambato. Issovsky ya faɗa ba a cikin ambatonsa.Tare da hasken haskensa a shafi na uku na jaridar da aka buga waƙoƙi biyu tare da hoton mawaƙi. Bayan kammala karatu, ganyen shekaru 18 da haihuwa don scolensk. Bai iya samun aiki ba, yunwa, ta katse kamar yadda zai iya. Amma a kaina wanda ba a yanke shawara ba - babu wani magana game da komawa ƙauyen.
Bayan buga waƙoƙin a cikin mujallar Oktoba, Alexander Trifonovich ya bushe ga Moscow, inda ta fuskance daidai wannan matsalar - rashin tunani da rashin aikin yi. Saboda haka, ya yanke shawarar komawa cikin farfado. Anan ya shiga Cibiyar Kotun Pedagogical, wanda ya yi karatu shekaru 2, kuma a shekara ta 1936 ta ci gaba da horar da Tarihin Moscow da Cibiyar Falsafa.
Halitta
A cikin 1930s, mawallafi yakan haifar da hanyar waƙoƙin wauta "da" ƙasar ƙasar Murai ", wacce ke bayyana a matsayin farkon rayuwar rayuwa mai sauƙi. Abin sha'awa, tallafawa tsarin mulkin Stalin, Alexander, tare da ɗan'uwansa da iyayensa, da dole ne su tsira da ƙari da hanyar haɗi. Gidiyawan da ta ba da lokaci mai yawa da ƙarfi ya ba shi ga mahaifin mawaƙin.
A shekara ta 1939, Alexander yana aiki a cikin jaridar "Tsaro ga mahaifiyar." A wannan lokacin, ya fara tsara waka "vasily torkin". Yana wakiltar da yawa aukuwa game da yakin, wanda babban gwarzo ne kawai aka haɗa shi. Tvyarvsky ya yi imani da cewa zai iya halaka a kowane lokaci ko wani daga masu karatu, saboda haka ya zaɓi irin wannan aikin.
"Tsallake" shine ɗayan farkon yanki na waka. Marauniya ta shaida yaƙe-yazanta na jini a kan Karelian Isthmus a lokacin Yakin Soviet. Ana buga waƙoƙi a cikin jaridar gabashin "Krasnoarmyskaya Prvada". Sun zama muhimmin bangare na rayuwar sojojin gaba. Godiya ga Turkin, Tvarmovsky ya zama marubucin marubutan yaƙi. Lines daga waka suna tashi akan kwatancen:
Yaƙi yana tafiya mai tsarki da gaskiya.Yakin mutuwa ba saboda kare bane
Domin rayuwa a duniya.
A shekara ta 1942, Tafiyavarvsky ya ji labarin mai kara, wani mahalarta a cikin babban yakin tank. Labarin waka "labarin tanki" game da yaron, sunan gwarzo wanda ba a san shi ba ne na sojojin sojojin, wanda ya taimaka wa jirgin ya kai ga yankin abokan gaba don ya isa yankin abokan gaba.
A cikin 1946, Alexander Trufonovich ya rubuta "gidan hanya" game da mummunan watanni na babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa. A "waƙoƙin" biyu "waɗanda aka sadaukar da su ne ga mahaukatan soja marasa amfani," na kashe a karkashin Rzhev. " Bayan haka, a cikin 1953, akwai waka "don nesa - Dal". A ciki, mawaƙi yana ba da keɓaɓɓen mutum game da aikin Stalin, yana nuna rayuwa da mutuwa.
A cikin 1950, Tvardovsky ya nada post na shugaban Editan mujallar "Sabuwar World". Amma bayan shekaru 4, jami'ansa an cire jami'ansa don kokarin buga waka "törkin a kan wannan haske" da ayyukan masana da ba a so ba.
A karo na biyu ya rike editan gidan a cikin 1958, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1970s. Marubutan tarihi sun ba da kimantawa ga wannan lokacin - ba a bayyana lokaci a cikin tarihin "sabuwar duniya ba. Tare da Sakataren farko na Kwamitin CPSU Nikita Khrushchev, mujallar ta zama alama ce ta narkewa. Jikin 'yan adawa na Tarayyar Soviet. Lokacin da amincewa da Khrushchev, Alexander Trifonovich wallafav, wata rana Ivan Denisovich "Alexander Solzhentsyn.
Bayan cire Khrushchev, dukiyar Babban Colt ta fadi a kan jaridar. Da farko, an kori masu saka itocin. Sun zo su maye gurbin mutanen da suke hana Alexander Trufonovich don aiki. An ƙirƙiri yanayin rashin yarda da izini. A cikin Fabrairu 1970, Tvardovsky da wani ɓangare na Edita sun bar mujallar.
Rayuwar sirri
Loveaunar rayuwarsa ita ce Maria Illarionna gorleov. Su ne mataimaki, sun hadu a cikin sasolensk. Yarinyar kuma ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Kituwar Pedagogical, wacce ba ta kammala ba. Kamar Twardovsky, ya yi aiki a matsayin "hanyar aiki" ofishin edita, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallu "ja novy" da "sabuwar duniya" karkashin babban iyali.Bayan mutuwar marubucin, mai sukar daga mujallar "News" Vladimir Lakshshin zai kira matar Alexander Trufonovich "reshe na biyu" na mawaƙa ". Game da rayuwar marubucin bayanin bai isa ba, amma akwai haruffa ga Maryamu Ilarionovna daga yaƙin, wanda aka ci nasara da ƙaunar ƙauna:
"Komai yana da matukar muni a cikin duniya, zuma, cewa, Ina tsammanin, waɗannan mutanen da ke cetonsu da ƙauna ga juna a yanzu, waɗanda ba za a daidaita su ba."Alexander da Maryamu sun sanya hannu bayan yaƙin. Yara biyu da aka haife su a ma'aurata: 'Ya'ya mata na soyayya da Olga.
Mutuwa
Tvardovsky ya sami tashi daga "sabuwar duniya". Rashin lafiyar jihar da aka cutar da shi. Alexander Trifonovic watsa bugun jini, bayan da bai motsa ba kuma baya magana. Wani mawaƙin yana asibiti, likitocin sun sami cutar sankarar mahaifa a cikin tsari wanda aka ƙaddamar, wanda shine dalilin mutuwar vasily Turkin.
Ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1971. An binne shi a kan makabartar Novevichy hurumi. Aka kawo shi zuwa kabarinsa daga yankin Sassensk, inda ya gudanar da ƙuruciya da ƙuruciyarsa.
A cikin tarihin rayuwar tvyarvsky da yawa abubuwan ban sha'awa. Majalisar Khrushchev ba ta karanta waƙoƙin game da turbin vasily na wuta. Duk da mahimman dangantakar da gwamnatin Soviet, an jera shekaru 5 a matsayin dan takarar kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU. Bayan mutuwa, ana kiran sunan waƙoƙi a cikin birane, makaranta a cikin Moscow da jiragen saman Aeroflot.
Bayan haka, ya bar zuriyar kayan adanawa. Hotunan da ke cikin halayyar Tvardovsky sun nuna yanayi da yanayin lokacin sake zagaye na Tarayyar Soviet.
Faɗa
- Da kyau rayuka,Wanene mutumin kirki!
- Babu gwarzo daga haihuwa, -
An haife su cikin yaƙe-yaƙe.
- Kosy, amarya, yayin da raɓa
Dew ƙasa - kuma muna gida.
Littafi daya
- 1931 - "Hanyar da zamantakewa"
- 1932 - "Dakarun Suler"
- 1934 - "Kasar Murai"
- 1942 - "vasily torknin"
- 1946 - "House House"
- 1947 - "sanduna"
- 1947 - "uwa da kuma hanya"
- 1951 - waƙa da waƙoƙi "
- 1953 - "Don Dal - Dal"
- 1963 - "törkin akan hasken"
- 1969 - "Daga lyrics wadannan shekaru. 1959 - 1968 "