Tarihi
"Laifi da horo ne mai mahimmanci a ayyukan Foyor Mikhailovich Dostovsky da alamar Milessonstone a tarihin littattafan kasashen duniya. Horosists biyu - Raskolnikov da mai binciken Porfiry Petrovic suna fuskantar a cikin rikici na akida.Tarihin halitta
An kirkiro aikin a cikin 1866. Dostoevsky yayi aiki akan rubutun, kasancewa a Katorga. Da farko, labarin a cikin littafin labari ne ya gabatar a cikin hanyar furcin marubucin, amma shirin yana da zamani. Dakatar da sanarwar sanin halittarsa ga editan "Bulletin" (Jaridar da aka buga littafin), marubucin ya ba shi halayyar "rahoton tunani daya."
"Laifi da horo" suna hada bayanan ilimin halin dan Adam da Falsafa. Littafin labari yana magana ne da ya kwarara da ake kira Gaskiya. A lokaci guda, marubucin yana kwatanta dabaru na Antipods na jarumai, wanda bai wuce ra'ayinsu game da ra'ayin da haruffa ba, amma kusa da su.
Petrovich Petrovich shine babban mutum a cikin aikin, a kan par tare da halayyar tsakiyar raskolnikov. Ya kama matsayin a kwamitin bincike na St. Petersburg, da aminci ya zama jihar. An rarrabe gwarzo ta hanyar ingantacciyar ƙwararrun halayen ƙwararrun halaye: Neman, kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwa, juzu'i, mai da hankali, masoyi da m tunani. A shekara 35, ya kira kansa dawakai da dattijo.
Bayyanar da mai binciken ba shi yiwuwa. Yana da bututun, fata yana da inuwa mai raɗaɗi, kuma wani abu da ya zama mai taushi a cikin adadi. Halinsa ya zama ƙarshen ƙarshen masu laifi, wa wa ke jan yatsa a yatsa, yana bincika shari'ar ta gaba. Petrophy petrovich na gaskiya ne da adalci, san farashin kalmar sirri, an rarrabe farashi ta hanyar cynicism da rashin amana ga mai fita. Idan ya cancanta, mai binciken yana ƙarfafa kowane abin rufe fuska don gano bayanin da ya buƙata.
A tsakani na Raskolnikov ya zama sananne ga mai karawa tun da yake wanda ya sanar da mutum mai wahala. Mai binciken ya karanta labarin ta rodion, aka buga a cikin jaridar. Ya rufe akida, daidai da wanda mutanen "tseren" da "ƙananan rukuni" aka rarrabe su. Studentsan dalibin game da yiwuwar kashe na farko na biyu, gaskata muhawara.
"Laifi da horo"
Porfiri Ivanovich ya yi don bincika kisan tsohon dan shekaru ANa Ivanovna da dangin Li'az .a. Jarumi ba ta da sunan magana, amma game da sunan mai binciken zai nuna dalilin. Duk cikin labarin, marubucin bai ambaci shi ba. Amma a cikin aikin "Karamazov Brothers" ya bayyana da sunan Znahenky, wanda ke nuna irin gyara da dostoevsky yayi.
Dalilin adawa da petrovich da Roodion Skolnikova ya ta'allaka ne a fagen tunanin su. Muhawara game da asalin aikata laifin nuna matsayin rayuwar abokan adawar. Raskolnikov yana haifar da nasa akidar, hanyar ta ta dogara ne da ra'ayin wanzuwar mutane don wanda ba a ɗauki kisan laifi. Petrovich Petrovich bai sami hujja a kan mai laifi ba. Matsayinsa a cikin littafin labari shine ganowa na Nahilism, atilism da dunƙulen babban hali. Bayyanar fitowar lokaci-lokaci wanda aka saba wa babu shaida.
Yaƙin 'yan'uwa na jarumawar jarumai sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai binciken ya zage shi game da laifin Skolnikov. Zuwan kawai na Molten Molten ya hana tsinkayen kotu. Amma Petroiry Petrovich yana da tabbaci cewa zato gaskiyane. Yana jin hulɗa da mai laifi, yayin da ya fahimci abin da ya gaskata. Saboda fahimtar Raodion Ragiyon - "mummunan mayafi", wanda yake da ikon neman imani. Ciki, wanda za'a iya samu, kawai furta cikin zunubi, masu tsattsauran sun sami saboda abokin hamayyarsu.
Petrophry Petrovich ta tarihin ilimin dabbobi an ɗan bayyana a cikin aikin. Zai yi wuya a ɗauka yadda ake samar da hanyar aikin aiki. Ya nuna ilimin ilimin halin dan Adam, hanya ta musamman da ke kiyaye tambayoyi ta amfani da worend. Binciken kowane haɗuwa na jaruma ya sa ya fahimci abin da bincike ya zo ya zama madaidaiciyar hanyar bincike.
Tattaunawar ta farko ta Skolnikov tare da wakilin shari'a ya faru lokacin da mai binciken ya yi ado a cikin gida, a cikin wani wanka da takalma, ba tare da BengneBard da gashin baki ba. Roodion ya yi kama da cewa porfirya petrovich yana ganin shi ta hanyar, kuma mai binciken ya yanke shawarar murɗa. Jawabin magana ne game da tattaunawar game da dalilan da suka aikata da laifofinsu. Mai binciken yana tunawa da ɗalibin da labarinsa a cikin jaridar.
Ranar ta biyu ta fara ne ta hanyar Ridion, ta yi ƙaho da abokin hamayyarsa. Jarumi tana kan zarafin kwace shakku, a ra'ayinsa, saboda karancin kiyaye. A taron, porfiri Petrovich ya ba wa gwarzo ya fahimci cewa yana siyar da cikakken 'yanci da kuma gina tattaunawa ta hanyar da Raskolnikov ya halatta a cikin aikin.
Nasarar mai bincike a cikin takaddamar da mai laifi ita ce ta iya samun irin ra'ayin da Raskolnikov. Wannan shine dalilin fitarwa a cikin labari.
Amintaccen hukuma yana faruwa a taron na uku na mutane. Bayan ya zo Apartment inda Raskolnikov ya rayu, Petrofirya Petrovich ya bayyana a fili cewa ba ya jin cewa rashin jituwa na sirri. Don mamakin mai karatu, mai binciken ya nuna tausayi da tausayawa mai laifi. Ba ya fahimta ga Raskolnikov, da kuma hanyar fayyace wajan shiga. Jikin binciken ya yi dariya game da wanda ake zargi, kuma a cikin irin wannan lokacin shine duka Villain da nagarta. Akwai jaruma biyu a matsayinsu na juntally m da kuma maganganun maganganu.
Ga gajiya da bukatar auska kuma fita, masu tsagawa sun fahimci cewa mai binciken yayi magana da muhimmanci tare da shi. Rushewar ka'idar Raskolnikov na faruwa a idanunsa. Jarumi ya hakikance cewa bashi da kyawawan halaye don cinikanci. La'anar da lamirin kansa ya fi kansa ƙarfi. Sha'uwa, sani game da cewa mizaninsa ya juya ba daidai ba, kar a bada izinin Raskolnikov don mataki na aikin ya ci gaba da aikin.
Garkuwa
A matsayin misali na adabi na gargajiya, sabon labari "ana ƙara zama" akai-akai. Farko na farko an jagorantar ta vasily goncharov. Ba a kiyaye fim ɗin ba, wanda ya aikata rawar petrovich na petrovich - ya kasance asirin. A cikin Fim Ivan Vroonsky, da aka buga a 1913, Daraktan kanta bayyana a hoton mai binciken.
Sun bi sakin fim din Faransa na 1934 da 1956, wanda Pierre Schornalem da George fitila. A cikin tef na Soviet na 1969, rawar Petrovich Darakta Lev Kuljedzanov aka rarrabe ta da marassa m Smoktunovsky. Alexander Sokurov, yana aiki akan aikin "shafukan shiru", da aka gayyaci Segy Barkovskg Mottivsky don Dalilin Svezarov ya zama mafi yawan aiki a cikin aiki Andrei Pinin.
Faɗa
"Kun kashe,", "hukuncin Petrovic na Petrovic a cikin tattaunawar tare da Raskolnikov.Mai hankali da kuma mai hankali bincike da sauri ya girgiza wanda ake zargin. A cikin ransa, sabani da ji dangane da dalibin suna da kyau. A bangare, ya raina abokin hamayyarsa, yana tunanin shi mai laifi ne, mara amfani wani yanki wanda ya sanya kansa sama da wasu:
"An kashe, eh don mai gaskiya ya kai halin, mutane raina, mala'ikun da mala'ikan mala'ika yake."Kuma a lokaci guda, perfiry petrovich yana sha'awar halayen cewa masu rarraba masu mulki sun nuna. Don bincike, a bayyane suke a matakin labarin ROD:
"Tarihi ne maganar banza da ban mamaki, amma irin wannan gaskiyar take da wuta a ciki, a cikin shi girman kai, a cikin shi da ƙarfin zuciya da bege."Wajabtance da aminci da farin ciki imani a cikin halayensu ba sa baiwa Petrovich na Petrovich don kasancewar jini-jini. A karshe farkon labari, bai kama skolnikov. Dokar shari'a ta riske mutuwa. Abinda kawai zai iya faɗi a cikin mintuna na ƙarshe na rayuwa shine kalmomi masu hikima don skolnikov. The falsafa tunanin mutum ya rushe:
"Mutuwa ba lokacin da kuka rasa sani ba har abada. Mutuwa shine lokacin da sani da ladabi ya gane ku har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshe, ta wurin, a gaban Layer, inda ba ku taɓa kasancewa ba ... "Marubucin na ba da mai karatu tare da damar yin tunanin kalmar ƙarshe ita kaɗai.