Tari
Masarautar American Artican Mark Rotko shine babban jigon bakin fili na duniya, yana tsaye a asalin halittar fasahar zane na filin launi. Taronsa, yawan aiki 836 yana aiki akan zane, yanzu an matso shi cikin duban daloli kuma yana cikin manyan tarin dala a cikin New York da Gidan Tarihi na Tissen-Bornemis a Madrid, kuma mafi yawan Zane-zane masu mahimmanci "Orange, ja, rawaya" Raƙyashe an san su azaman mafi mahimmanci., "A'a 6" ("shunayya, ja, ja da shuɗi ").Yaro da matasa
Mark Rotko, wanda a baya aka kira Marcus Yakovlevich Rotkovich Rotkovich Rotkovich Rotkovich, a wurin da Daukan Latɗu, Latɗu na Latvia yanzu haka ne. Yaron ya karbi cikakken ilimin kuma koya yin magana da karanta cikin yaruka 3. A cikin muhalli da aka samu wakilan addinin Judaist, zargin kasar gona da yawa da yawa suka faru, saboda haka ne sarkar sittin da 'yan'uwa tare da' yan'uwa da tsoro.
Guy ya sami ilimi a makarantar Yahudawa na gargajiya, sannan kuma ya kare yara daga aikin soja a cikin rarrabuwar daular daular Rasha, da iyali ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Da wuya a zauna a Portland, Rotkovichi ya tsira da bala'in da ke hade da mutuwar gidan abinci, kuma wannan taron ya sa sun ƙi yin rashin jin daɗi da kuma fara kansu.
Muddin mahaifiyar da tsofaffi sun min hanyar abinci, Marcus a cikin 1921 sun gama aiki daga makarantar Ingilishi, ya zama memba na Ingilishi na Lincohn, kuma ya zama memba mai aiki na kungiyar yahudawa, ya zama memba mai aiki na tattaunawar manufofin. Shan ruwa ta hanyar matsalolin bukatun mutane da ke aiki da kuma hakkin mata kan yin amfani da rikice-rikice, inda shahararren Amurkawa Bill Haywood da Emma Goldman sun bayyana.
Jin kira don fasaha, saurayin ya shiga makarantar zane kuma ya saurara ga jawabin shahararren marubucin wasan kwaikwayon Armeniya a biranen Armeniyanci. Bayan haka, Marcus ya koma kungiyar daliban masana tarihi na tarihi kuma sun fadi a karkashin tasirin Max Weher, wanda ya zama sanannen godiya ga aikin cikin tsarin magana.
A karkashin jagorancin wannan malamin, malami mai tamani game da zanen kuma ya fahimci cewa za a iya amfani da cewa za a iya amfani da cewa za a iya amfani da cewa za a iya amfani da cewa za a iya amfani da cewa za a iya amfani da cewa ana iya amfani da zane-zanen da kai na mutum.
Zane
Canvas, wanda ke wakiltar wuraren shakatawa da al'amuran da suke daga rayuwar 'yan ƙasa, an fahimci su da kyau da masu sukar. Ba a gabatar da bayanin zane na zane-zanen Rotko a cikin zane na zamani a New York ba, kuma mai zane ya tabbatar da zanga-zangar masu tarihi masu arziki a matsayin zanga-zangar da ke kan amfani da zanen Amurka.
Tsarin halayyar aikin "wanka, ko kuma wani wuri a bakin rairayin bakin teku" ya fara canzawa zuwa kurkukun ciki "ya fara canzawa zuwa kurkuku. A cikin 1936, wannan hanyar zanen rotko yayi kokarin bayyana a aikin ka'idoji, amma littafin da aka bayyana game da sababbin sababbin sababbin abubuwa da salo a rayuwar mai artistic.
A kokarin da suka wuce batun batutuwa da suka yi wata mummunar tasirin zamantakewa da siyasa, Mark tare da mabiya sun juya zuwa sararin samaniya na mutum, wanda ya wuce iyakokin wani tarihi da al'adu. Kuma daga wannan lokacin, manufar fasaha ga mai zane yana cike da baƙin cikin ruhaniya.
Furories da yawa, rubuce a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wannan ra'ayin, ya zama mai birgima na mãkirci kuma sun karɓi sunayen "da" wanda aka azabtar "da" Alamar Ondous ". Koyaya, tare da lokaci, Rotko ya daina kiran aikinsa kuma ya iyakance kansa zuwa lamba ko bayanin launuka da aka yi amfani da shi.
Yana cikin irin wannan tsarin zane na zane wanda aka gabatar a cikin shahararren cibiyar, mallakar Peggy Guggenheshem, kuma duk da zargi, wasu daga cikinsu an sayar dashi a farashin $ 150-750.
Daga baya, da yawa daga cikin aikin da aka murɗa na tsawon shekaru 7 an nuna a shekara guda 7 a kan gidan kayan gargajiya na Intanet na Amurka. Kudin irin waɗannan zane-zane kamar "Lavender da Mulberry", "farin Cibiyar" da "Blue, Brown", launin ruwan kasa na dubun dubatar daloli.
Nasarar kasuwanci ba ta faranta wa mai zane ba, kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, ya ɗauki sabon shiri da ake kira Comeult Rotko. Abin ban sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa marubucin ra'ayin, wanda shine haihuwar haihuwar a cikin salon Katolika na Roman Katolika. A sakamakon haka, aikin da aka kirkira a zaman wani ɓangare shine culmination na kerawa fiye da shekaru 10 da suka gabata, ana iya gani a hoto a cikin kundin adireshi da kundin kundin kayan fasaha.
Rayuwar sirri
Kamfanin Novice Artists Rothko ya gana da mai zanen kayan ado, Adithgeit, kuma a 1933 yarinyar kulawa mai kyau ya zama matarsa. A shekara ta 1937, matan da suka fashe kuma bayan sulhu don haka ba za ta iya cikakken tsayar da rayuwa ta sirri ba. A cikin 1943, ma'aurata a ƙarshe sun fashe, mawaƙa tana cikin dogon baƙin ciki, da jin daɗin fuskantar abin da ya faru na rata.
Bayan shekaru biyu, Rothko ya sadu da sabon ƙaunataccen da ba da daɗewa ba aure Maryamu Alice Alice Bestell, wanda Siffofin da aka sani a cikin abokantaka. Saboda tasirinsa, mai zane ya mamaye mai yanke ƙauna kuma ya rubuta masarauta ya rubuta masarauta, wanda ya fi shahara wanda shine zanen "jinkirin whirl a gefen teku".
Bayan haka, ma'aurata sun yi tafiya da yawa. Yayin ziyarar zuwa Turai ta 1950, suna da 'yar da ake kira Kate ta girmama mahaifiyar Rotko. Amma bayan wata cuta da ta haifar da rashin gaskiya, da zane-zane da aka saki tare da mata na biyu da shekaru da suka gabata suka rayu shi kadai.
Mutuwa
A shekarar 1968, Rotho ya fara fama da rauni na rauni na zahiri, kuma bayan jarrabawa, likitoci da aka gano hasken Aanga kuma sun sanya wasu magunguna da ke cire kifafawa da aikin jiki. Amma Mark bai shawara ba da shawara da kuma ci gaba da aiki, sha da hayaki.A sakamakon haka, ya fara wahala daga harin na bacin rai kuma a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1970 ta kashe kansa. A ranar, lokacin da sabon aikin ya isa dakin zama, jikin mai artist ya gano a saman bene na bitar. Bayan budewa, ya juya cewa sanadin mutuwa shi ne yawan abin da ya gabata na barga, wanda ya sa dakatar da zuciya da kuma basur cikin kwakwalwa.
Zana wuri
- 1947 - "Rawaya, ja da ruwan lemo"
- 1949 - "violet, baki, lemo, rawaya akan fari da ja"
- 1949 - №3 / №13 ("Magenta, baki, kore akan lemo")
- 1950 - "White Cibiyar" ("rawaya, ruwan hoda da lavender akan fure")
- 1951 - №2 (№7 da №2)
- 1953 - untotled
- 1953 - №3.
- 1953 - №61 ("tsatsa da shuɗi")
- 1954 - №1 ("Reder ja da shuɗi")
- 1956 - Orange da Rawaya
- 1959 - "Baki akan Maroon"
- 1964-1967 - Rotko Chapel
- 1966 - kwance ("Blue rarrabawa da shuɗi")