Tari
UEFA Champions ta yarjejeniya,-Rasha, Faransanci da Jamusanci, ya saba da kowace kwallon kafa ta sha'awa. Amma kawai raka'a sun san cewa wannan tsari ne na Antema "Sadok-firist" na ƙungiyar Jamusawa Georg Friedrich Handel. A cikin duka, hanyar samar da karni na karni yana da sama da 40 opras, fiye da 30 na baka, ɗaruruwan coci na coci, kide kide na jiki da sauran kayan aikin.Yaro da matasa
Georgriedrich Hadar Hadel an haifeshi a ranar Maris 5 (23 ga Fabrairu 23 Kalanda Kalanda) na 1685 a cikin garin Gallle. Sai mahaifinsa George Ghendel ya juya shekara 63, da 6 yara daga farkon aurenta sun riga sun ji rauni a cikin iyali. Mahaifiyar mai mawuyacin nan gaba ana kiran Dorothea, ita 'yar firist ne. Bayan bayyanar George Friedrich, wata mace ta haifi yara uku.
Firimiya da wuri Georgriedrich ba ya son Uba ba sa son Uba - ya yi mafarkin aikin lauya ga ɗansa. Kamar mutane da yawa a Yammacin Turai, Georg ya yi cewa keroority ya kasance nishadantarwa, ba sana'a, mawaƙa, ba a tsinkaye masu fasaha ba sosai. Duk da zanga-zangar da kuma barazanar Uba, da shekaru 4 da haihuwa Gendel sun mamaye fasahar wasan a Clavesis. Kayan aiki ya tsaya a cikin Attic inda yaron ya sanya hanyarsa da dare har sai da iyayen sun yi barci.
Lokacin da hannu ya kunna shekara 7, mahaifin a karkashin rinjayar duke na Duke na Duke na Weissenfelsky Johannf na canza halayensa ga ayyukan. Jin da yaro yaro, wakilin hukumomin sun kira shi wani baiwa kuma ya shawarci Georgidi Kada Kada Ya hana Darasi.
A cikin 1694, malamin na Gandle ya zama mai saiti na Jamusawa Friedrich Wilhelm Tsakhau. Godiya gare shi, saurayin ya kware shi ne ta hanyar Clavesin, sashin jiki, violin da gobone, nazarin ka'idodin abin da ke ciki da kuma janar.
Wannan lokacin ƙuruciya ya yanke shawarar tsarin Heory Friedrich. A gare shi, Tshau har abada ya kasance tauraron jagora. A wasu ayyuka na mawaka, tasirin malamin, alal misali, a "Alllaue" daga Orateria "Almasihu" an ji shi sosai.
Tuni a 11, an ji kowa ta hanyar da aka samu. Kiɗa, ya haifar da shi, don haka buga kurfürst na Brandenburg Friedsrich I, cewa ya gayyaci yaron ya bauta masa. Gaskiya ne, da farko Ghendel ya kamata ya cika ilimi. Frederick Na Ba da shawarar Georgi don aika ɗan zuwa Italiya, cibiyar mafi kyawun jami'o'i. Tsohon ya ki, ba sa son ya bar Sonan ya yi nisa da kansa. Bayan mutuwar Uba a cikin 1697, Jarendel na iya sarrafa baiwa.
A cikin 1698-1700, hannayen hannu sun karbi ilimi a cikin kasashe na kasalle, a cikin 1702th ya fara nazarin haƙƙin da ya dace da tauhidin a Jami'ar Gallalle. Yaron an kawo shi ne a cikin iyali mai tsananin addini, amma bai raba ra'ayin shahararren yaduwar pietism a lokacin ba. Babban haɗin ilimi bai karba ba, a cikin 1703 ya koma Hamburg ya zama babban mawaƙa.
Kiɗa
A karni na XVIII, gidan wasan Opera shi ne kadai gidan Opera a Jamus a cikin karni na XVIII, don haka City ta kasance cibiyar ta Yammacin Turai. Don isa zuwa matakin wasan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo ya taimaka wa Kiiser, mai motsawa da shugaban mawaka na gida: ya gayyaci mawaƙa da clotesis.
A cikin 1705, duniya ta ga anwar Opera Hannun - "Almon". Matasa mai mawuma, kamar malamin nasa Kaiser, wanda ya dace da Jamusanci bai dace da irin wannan nau'in soyayya ba, an kashe wani sashi na wasan Opera a Italiyanci. Dukansu ayyukan biyu an isar dasu a wasan kwaikwayo na National ta Hamburg da goyon baya na Kaiser.
A tarihin hannu na hannu, akwai lokuta sau da yawa lokacin da wakilan hukumomi suka nema su same shi a wurin zama na mutum. Don haka, a cikin 1706, a buƙatun dangi, Medichi, mawaki sun koma Italiya. A Florence, ya zauna a Yarima Ferdinando Medichi, wanda ke sha'awar kiɗa har ma ya taka leda a maɓallin. Da yawa a cikin Harkokin wasan Opera a Faransa da ke tallafawa daga aljihu Ferdinando.
A cikin rabin na biyu na 1700s, Venice da hannu da Rome. Tunda kisan opora ya kasance karkashin haramcin papal a Rome, mambobin da aka hada da abin da ke lura da abin lura, gami da nasara da gaskiya. Daga baya a Florence, Hannun Hannu ya sa opera Rodrigo (1707), kuma a cikin Venice - Agireplin (1709), wanda aka dauke mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayon da aka rubuta a Italiya.
A cikin 1710, Genendel ta isa Burtaniya - wata ƙasa inda ake ci gaba da girman itacen opera kawai. Martani masana art suna cewa a farkon karni na XVIII, ba mai tsoka guda ɗaya ba a Landan, don haka anna Anna ta amsa da hannu da farko a matsayin mutumin da zai iya wadatar da al'adun gargajiya na Burtaniya.
A London, da hannu sanya Opera "Ginaldo" (1711), "makiyayi mai aminci" (1712), "Teze" (1713). Duk lokacin da hannayen jama'a suka yaba da marubucin, kuma ya yanke shawarar gode wa farfajiyar Ingilishi don lada "Utrecht tey na zaman lafiya na Utrecht, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin don kursiyin Servicis.
An zaci cewa "Utrecht te ya zama" zai yi a bikin rantsuwa, amma gaskiyar da aka hana rubuta ta ga manyan al'amuran. A maimakon haka, jinin halittar da aka kirkira da shi ne don girmama ranar haihuwar Anna.
A cikin 1716, yanayin Hannover ya tilasta wa hannu don gwada ƙwararrun sha'ani (Yana gudanar da sadaukarwa ga abubuwan da ke cikin Makon Sati na Makon). Soyayyar "sha'awar brox" da aka tabbatar da cewa umarnin kiɗa, baƙon zuwa mahimmancin da aka bayar, har yanzu suna. Hannun hannu yana sake fasalin hanyar yanar gizon "Music akan ruwa". Aikin ya ƙunshi farantin rawa 18 na rawa - wannan shine mits, da ƙonewa, da rodonon.
An yi imani da cewa "kiɗan a kan ruwa" an rubuta shi a cikin 1715 ga mai adawa da makaman tare da Sarkin Green Britoret, amma ba shi da himma sosai. Koyaya, bisa ga takardu, ya yi sauti a cikin 1717 a kan ruwan Thames. Kusa da jirgin ruwan da sarki ya motsa Barrege, inda orchestra daga mawaƙa 50 ke located. Suites son Georgi domin ya ba da umarnin maimaita rubutun sau biyu.
Hannu, ya saba da shi ya wuce abokan aikinsa, a cikin 1720 da farko sun fuskanci gasa: Italiyanci Giovanni Bononchini ya zo London. Sannan Jamusanci cibiyoyin rattake ta kiɗan kiɗan kuma ta ci gaba da zurfafa operera, kamar yadda Sarauniyar Anna ake so. "Astarta", rubuce-rubucen ta Bononchini, ya rufe nasarar "Radamist", kuma a rayuwar mawaki ya fara baƙar fata. Opera ya saki daga baya tare da hadarin ya fadi, in ban da Julia Kaisar a 1724.
Hannun hannu ya fahimci cewa wasannin da aka rubuta wasannin Opera, don haka na tafi Italiya don yin wahayi. A tsawon lokaci, ayyukan mawaki sun zama mafi tsauri, classic. Misalai sun hada da Lotar (1729), "Sarakuna" (1730), "Orlando" (1733), "Terlando" (1734).
Duk da awaki, wanda ya gina sarkin Wales da Italiyanci mai rikitarwa Nicola Rodora, Ghendel ta sami damar sake sake wasan Opera a Burtaniya. Nasara nasara amfani da "terraticor", wanda ya zama cikin Faransanci. An yi wa kida mai rai da Balla da Faransa Divta Salle.
Rayuwar sirri
Georg Friedrich Hannel Hangel shine kawai m mawuyacin zamanin Yara, wanda aka ba shi abin tunawa a lokacin rayuwarsa, wato a cikin 1738 a 1738. Young Faransa Sculptor Louis Francois Rubiyak ya nuna wani maigidan a cikin hanyar Orhea wasa a lyre. Koyaya, alkyabbar Maɗaukaki Hakki tana "ihu" game da saukowa: A kan wani mutum ba'a shafa a kan wando na Caviar, a bude swides daga kai, rigar tana bude a kirji ba.
Martani tarihi sun yi imani da cewa yana da wuya a nuna hannu hannu a cikin irin saƙar sakaci, ta ɗauki wuri mai kyau a London ba tare da izinin mawaka ba. Ana kuma kiran aikin ginin ɗayan shaidar son kai na George Friedrich.
Lissafi suna magana Ghendea a matsayin baiwa, amma mutum mara dadi. Ana iya gani a kan hoton da makiyaya sun sha wahala daga kiba da kuma suturta ba da izini. Ya kasance mugu tare da mutane, ya ba da izinin kansa commental comments. Duk da yake zamaninsa Johann Sebastian Bach ya yi aiki a cikin gumi a cikin fuskarsa, jendede ya san da mutanen manyan gyada don "bi ta kan kawuna."
Game da son kai na mawaki, masu bincike suna ganin ainihin dalilin kasawa a rayuwarsu. Bayan haka, hannayen hannu ba shi da mace da yara. A cikin tarihi, babu wani bayani har ma da masoya ko abubuwan da suka fi so.
Mutuwa
Daga ƙarshen 1740s, hannayen hannu ya fara kawo gani, kuma a cikin mawudus na 1752th ya yanke shawarar ya wuce. Dangane da shaidar tarihi, John Taylor - an gudanar da likitan, saboda ayyukan da ba a rasa abin da ba a rasa hangen nesa ba. Hannun Hannu kuma yana da sauri makaho. Ya zuwa 1753, bai ga komai ba, amma ya ci gaba da rubuta kiɗa da aiki.A Afrilu 14, 1759, Georg Friedrich ya mutu. Yana da shekara 74. Dalilin mutuwa mai ban dariya game da jaridar sau da yawa Houston Morter da ake kira "yankin cuta". Jami'in ya ce yana cewa cututtukan da makasudin da makasudin da aka samu ba jimla ba - gout, makanta, za a iya zama allo domin cin nasarar guba.
An binneel a Westminster Abbey.
Moreical ayyuka
- 1705 - "Almira" ("Formitsis na Tsarist makomar, ko Almira, Sarauniya Castilskaya")
- 1705 - "Nero" ("Loveauna, wanda aka samo ta jini da mugunta"
- 1707 - Rodrigo
- 1709 - "Agrippina"
- 1711 - "Rinaldo"
- 1712 - "makiyayi mai aminci"
- 1720 - "Radammist"
- 1723 - "Flaawius"
- 1724 - "Julius Kaisar" ("Julius Kaisar a Masar"
- 1725 - "Rodelinda"
- 1733 - "ROLLE"
- 1735 - "Arzini"
- 1738 - "Xerxes"
- 1741 - "Deidamia"