Tari
Ana la'akari da Clifforda cewa ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa harsashin fitowar Littafi Mai Tsarki na zamani a Amurka, da kuma babban marubucin almara na Amurka. Irin waɗannan suna aiki daga littafin sa kamar yadda "zobe a kusa da Sun", "muna raye da alheri", "City City a cikin sashinsu - suna da farin ciki a sashinsu na farko.Clifford ya kafa Fantasywallafe-bayan shekaru 55, lokacin da aka buga labarai 127 da kuma abokan hulɗa na 127, da kuma cikakken litattafai masu cike da shekaru 28. Wasu daga cikinsu daga baya sun tarasu.
Yaro da matasa
Clifford Donald Simak (haka daidai ya bayyana sunan karshe Fantista) aka buga a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1904 a cikin ƙaramin garin milville, wanda ke wisconsin. Bayan haka, a cikin mafi yawan aikin marubucin, an tura aikin zuwa ma'aikatan sa na ɗan ƙasa. Kakakin Clifford tare da sunan mahaifinsa, wanda ya yi shi shine Shimak, wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga tsakiyar Turai, wanda ya zama wani yanki na yamma a tsakiyar Czech Republic zuwa yau.
Fantastic waallannan an fara ciniki game da sanin yaron daga matasa, kuma ya rinjayi wannan kerewar da irin wannan aiki "da" mutum mai ganuwa "da" yaki na duniya. Bayan samun karatun sakandare a daya daga cikin makarantun yankin, saurayin ya koma Madison, inda ya fara yin nazarin aikin jarida a Jami'ar Wisconsin. Koyaya, bai taɓa kare difloma ba, saboda ya jefa karatunsa.
Bayan haka, marubucin ya dawo nan gaba a cikin littattafan buga takardu da yawa har a cikin 1939 sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da daya daga cikin jaridar birni Minneapolis tauraro da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis Star da Tribune Minneapolis tauraro Tare da ita, Clifford da aka yi aiki tare akan ci gaba zuwa wurin sa, wanda ya faru a 1976. Daga 1949, wani mutum ya yi aiki a matsayin mai editan sashen Sashen a cikin jaridar Star na star Oolis, kuma daga 1961 shi ne mai kula da bincike da shahararrun Minneapolis Tribune.
Littattafai
A matsayina na marubuci, Clifford Simak ya fara a 1931, to, ya gabatar da labarin nasa labarin nasa, wanda ake kira "duniyar Rana". A dukan m shekara, mutumin ya ciyar a kan halittar labaru, kamar "murya a fanko", "m na sarari", "Golden Asteroid", "Mercury Mercury".
A shekara ta 1933, Simmak ya yanke shawarar barin ayyukan rubutu. A saboda wannan ne na shekaru 5 masu zuwa, tewat din ya zama labarin almara na kimiyya "Mahalicci", wanda ba kasafai ce a cikin wayoyin almara na kimiyya na wannan zamanin ba. A cikin wannan aikin, Clifford ya kasance na farko na dukkan wakilan na wannan nau'in na yi ƙoƙari na musamman don bayyana gaskiyar cewa sararin samaniya ya halicci ta hanyar distarga.
Cikakken dawowar saimak a rubuce-rubuce ya faru a cikin 1938. A wannan karon, sanin yana mamaye hanyoyi da yawa na godiya ga hadin gwiwa tare da Magajin mai haske, babban Editor wanda John Campbell ya kasance. A lokuta daban-daban, ayyukan Azimov, Heinline, Kattnier, Stargeon, Del Rey an buga Van Vozhlta a cikin wannan fitowar. Clifford tare da waɗannan marubutan shekaru na zinari a Amurka, wanda ya dauki shekaru 12, daga 1938 zuwa 1950.
Ayyukan farko na marubucin, a cikin wanda shine sabon labari na 1939 Saki "Injiniya Injiniya", an bayyana shi ta hanyar ingantattun kayan almara na kimiyya. Wannan jirgin karkashin kasa yana sane da mai da hankali kan bangaren fasaha. Akasin haka ana kiranta "taushi", wanda ke mayar da hankali kan almara ɗan adam.
Ta hanyar samun kwarewar rubutu, Clifford ya fi so su rabu da titin trottening kuma ƙirƙirar salon marubucin da aka ba da sunan makiyaya. A cikin ayyukansu daga baya, wani ya fada game da lambobin sadarwa a cikin aminci tare da UFOS da kuma game da al'ummomin ruhaniya da daban-daban na sararin samaniya. Baƙon Simaak zai huta a ɗayan sandunan lardunan ƙasarsu na wiskins, maimakon yin amfani da ƙasan duniya.
Marubucin ya yi imani cewa ɗan adam yana da kyakkyawan sakamako mai kyau, amma a lokaci guda ba a ce kowane mazaunin sararin samaniya yana buƙatar fara yin karatu a cikin "filin makarantar sararin samaniya" a matsayin "farko grader". A cikin ilimin kirkirar halittu na Clifford, akwai kuma lokacin da yake aiki a Yammacin da Labarun labarai game da yakin.
A cikin 1952, wani sabon labari da ake kira "City" an buga shi a karon farko, wanda shine ainihin sake zagayowar ƙananan labarai. Shialak ya rubuta littafi a wancan zamani lokacin da ɗan adam ya dandana rikici - farkon duniya, sannan yakin Koriya. Haɗin kai da sake yin aikin "City", Clifford ya nuna wata nuna rashin amincewa da mugunta da tashin mutum.
A ƙarshe, duniyar da take canzawa ta gana da Utopia, suna gaya wa duniya nan gaba, wanda, a maimakon mutane Live Robots da karnuka, mallaki tunani. Don wannan aikin, Simak aka ba da kyautar yabo ta Duniya na Fasihu a 1953, bayan da ya sami ɗan lokaci-da haihuwa a duniya. A duk tsawon shekaru na kirkirar kirkirar kirkirar karatu, marubucin ya ba marubucin sau 3 da aka bayar da kyautar tarawa mai martaba "Hugo" da 1 - "Neule".
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet game da marubucin kwarewa, a cikin 1957, bayan sanannen mujallar "Ilimi-Wakilin", an fassara shi kuma wanda ake kira shi ne "a karon farko kan Mercury". Daga wannan gaba a, ƙarni da yawa na matasa masu son Soviet da manya sun fara kiran Clifford ta ɗaya daga cikin marubutan almara da aka fi so. An buga ayyukansa a cikin jerin da ake kira "Mira Clifford Simak".
A shekarun 1960, saimak sun kirkiri mafi yawan litattafai na gaba, kuma tuni sunaye da suka kara gaba kan rubuta jagora da labarai, tunda yanayin jikinsa ya fara rage hanzarta cikin sauri.
Duk da wannan, marubucin ya ci gaba da ƙirƙira kusan har sai mutuwarsa ta faru a 1988. Fiye da shekaru 8 kafin wannan lamari ya faru, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa kwanan nan an buga - labarin "Grotto Dance Deer". A saboda wannan, aikin Simak ya bayar lokaci guda ta hanyar manyan lambobin rubutu guda uku, wanda ke wanzu ne a duniyar almara: "Locu", "Neule" da "Hugo".
A rubuce-rubuce aikin Clifford Simak a nan gaba ya zama wahayi na ma'aikata daban-daban na fasahar duniya. Da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa sun tsira daga garkuwar sojoji a matsayin fina-finai mai cikakken tsayi da fina-finai. A cikin 1993, Daraktan Rasha Yuri Elhov ya cire fim din da ake kira fim din da aka karbe daga littafin Nadowa "dukkan nama - ciyawar. AKTora Alexander Filinko amince don cika aikin na tsakiyar hali mai suna Hyram.
Hakikanin ban sha'awa shi ne cewa littattafan fasahar Simak kuma suna nuna a cikin duniyar babban zamani. A cikin 2012, gilashin samfurin Rasha da ake kira Fakoohima, wanda ya kafa wanda yake mai tsara Konstantin Shileev. Lokacin ƙirƙirar kayan haɗin haƙƙin mallaka, fina-finai Stanley Kubrick, da kuma ayyukan marubutan kamar saimar, Bradbury, Hinline da rijiyoyin.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekara ta 1929, matar matar ta Clifford Saialak ita ce matar da ake suna key Kukhenberg Simak. Ba da da ewa bayan wannan, sabbin matan sun zama iyayen yara biyu.Duk da cewa littattafan marubutan Amurkawa sun mamaye abubuwan da ban mamaki, rayuwar mutum ta ishe shi kuma a kwantar da hankali. A cikin ɗayan tambayoyin, Clifford ya ambata cewa, ba da labari da ayyukan rubutu, yana ƙaunar je kamun kifi, da kuma tattara tambari kuma suna wasa da Chess.
Mutuwa
Clifford Donald Saimak ya rayu tsawon rayuwa mai arziki, kuma ya mutu yana da shekara 83 a cikin birnin Minneapolis a Afrilu 25, 1988. Ba a sanar da takamaiman dalilin mutuwa ba, amma ana iya ɗauka cewa sun rinjayi mutuwarsa wanda ya tashi zuwa wannan matsalar lafiya.
Faɗa
"Rayuwa ba ta da yawan waɗannan abubuwan da ba na tunanin" "Tsohuwar tsufa na ɗaya daga cikin hukunce-hukuncenmu ba, amma a lokaci guda, kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yancin ɗan adam" "Har yanzu ba ni da wata hanyar tabbatar da gaskiyar gaskiyar kanta "Littafi daya
- 1962 - "kusan kamar mutane"
- 1963 - "Canja wurin tashar"
- 1966 - "Lokacin da a cikin gidan ba kowa bane"
- 1968 - "Goblin Reserve"
- 1973 - "Epilogue"
- 1974 - "Hoton Yaƙin Marathon"
- 1977 - "dan uwana"
- 1978 - "sabon kallon baya"
- 1980 - "Singin da kyau"
- 1981 - "Yaren cizo!"