Tari
Ariis Merdock ana kiransa daya daga cikin manyan marubutan Burtaniya na karni na 20. Tafiya ta ƙunshi ayyukan da ban sha'awa na ban sha'awa wanda ba tukuna ne na masu ba da rikon. Mace da wata baiwa ce ta sadaukar da littattafai duk rayuwa, duk da cewa akwai matsaloli da yawa a cikin makoma.Yaro da matasa
Tarihin Tarihin Jin Iris Merrock ya fara ne a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1919 a babban birnin Ireland - Dublin. Mahaifinta wani mai jan hankali ne a yakin duniya na farko, sannan daga baya sun yi rajista a aikin farar hula. Yarinyar mahaifiyar wasan Opera ce. Matasa sun fara haduwa a Dublin, kuma a cikin 1918 daure kansu zuwa aure. Bayan shekara guda, 'ya mace,' ta mace ta bayyana a cikin dangi.
Shiga cikin hotunan gettyA shekara ta 1920, Iris tare da iyayensa, sun koma Landan. Yana cikin babban birnin Ingila cewa marubucin da marubucin yake don yara. Duk da wannan, matsalolin wata ƙasa Ireland ta cutar da mace don rayuwa, ba ta jugi daga asalinta ba. A cikin wata hira da marubucin da aka ambata cewa ƙuruciyarta ya yi farin ciki, da iyayensa da iyayensa sun kira "cikakkiyar Trinity Love."
Merrock ya sauke karatu daga makaranta mai zaman kanta a Relekiston, bayan da ya shiga makarantar don 'yan mata a Bristol. A shekara ta 1938, ta zama ɗalibin kwalejin Saminville, mallakar Jami'ar Oxford. Da farko, yarinyar ta yi karatu a kan hanya ta Turanci, sannan daga baya ta fara karatun litattafan litattafan litattafan almara. A shekara ta 1942 ta sami difloloma ta farko, kammala karatu daga kwaleji daidai.
Shiga cikin hotunan gettyCi gaba da Ilimin Iris ya gaza saboda farkon yakin. Bayan nazarin, ta je aiki a Ma'aikatar Kudi, kuma a cikin 1944 ya koma ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda aka fara shekaru 2. A cikin 1947, yarinyar ta shiga dalibin digiri na biyu na Kwalejin New Coldem a Jami'ar Cambridge, fara yin karatun falsafa.
A cikin matasa na merrock, malamin malamin na falsafa a kwaleji na Saint Anne a kwaleji na Oxford. An sadaukar da wannan aikin zuwa shekaru 15 na rayuwarsa. Oxford ya zama wuri mai tsawo don: A nan ne mafi mahimmancin al'amuran a cikin tarihinta suna faruwa.
Littattafai
Rubuta aiki Merrock ya fara yi da kyau. Littafin sa na farko, mai taken "karkashin cibiyar sadarwar", aka buga shi a 1954. Ga wata mace, labarun rubuce-rubuce da farko sun kasance wani babban aiki ne. Ta ƙunshi sakin littafinsa, amma a rubuce rubuce-rubuce ƙoƙari kafin wannan jama'a ba su da jama'a.Shiga cikin hotunan gettyMasu sukar sun yarda "a karkashin cibiyar sadarwa" gabaɗaya: kuma wani ya ƙaryata game da hadaddun sababbi na alamomin PLOSOPSKY. A nan gaba, littafin ya shiga cikin jerin "manya 100 da ba a bayyana ba na magana da ke magana da juna" a cewar mujallar lokaci. Ata na farko aikin Iris ya zama daya kadai daga dukkan litattafanta na gaba tare da mamaye nau'in mai ban dariya.
Yanke shawara don yin aiki a cikin aikin rubutu da fasaha, merrock ya fara aiki da aiki da amincewa. Bayan shekaru 2 kawai bayan nasarar farko a kan ƙididdigar kantin sayar da littattafai, mai da ake kira "ta hanyar shahararrun falsafar Falsafar.
A cikin 1953, wata mace ta haifar da wani littafi game da Sian-Filin Sartre. A farkon farkon kirkirarsa, mai himma da falsafar rayuwa, yaran litattafan wannan marubucin kamar "bango" da "tashin zuciya".
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960s alama ce ta hanyar buga jerin littattafai, waɗanda ake kira masu binciken na kirkirar Aris "Romawa na tsoratarwa", "a kashe kai", "Italiyanci". A cikinsu, Merrock ya bincika tasirin da mutumin da ke cikin halaka.
Subtex Subext na ci gaba a cikin aikin Merrock "Wild Rose". A ciki, mace ta yi nasarar nuna kansa a matsayin marubucin gaske na kwarai, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba da al'adun gargajiya da litattafan Burtaniya. Roman ya yi jayayya game da 'yanci, ƙauna da aure, kuma marubucin ya karanta alakar da ke tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan mamaki. A shekarar 1974, an fito da fim mai karni na 4 akan talabijin na Amurka, wanda babu fanko na wannan littafin.
A shekarun 1970 aka santa da balaga na iris a matsayin marubuci. Ta nemi ci gaba da hadisai ya yi rawar jiki, wanda yake cikakke ne ya fito da kyawawan abubuwa. Marubucin da ba da gudummawar da masu karatu a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo kuma sun kirkiro sa sigogin dabarun gargajiya na gargajiya. Tsarin Shakespearean ya hada da irin wannan ayyukan "Jackson's Cilemma", "yarima na baki", "teku, teku". Jami'in gargajiya sun karɓi fassarar da aka sabunta daga Merrock kuma ya juya hankalinsu zuwa ga ma'anar ma'anar rayuwa da kyau.
Matsayin nauyi na rayuwarsa mai mahimmanci iris ta jawo wahayi daga Plato. Ta fara tunani a cikin littattafansa game da neman rayuwa ta ɗabi'a, rabo daga tunani da gaskiya. A cikin aikin "bazuwar mutumin", mace ta yi jayayya a kan abin da ke nema na halin kirki, kuma na bincika matsalar kyawawan dabi'un mutane zuwa wasu mutane, ta amfani da hanyar mai ban dariya.
Roman Iris "Frack Yarima", wanda ake ɗauka da aka riƙa zama mafi kyau, ya fito a 1973. Wannan aikin yana wakiltar fassarar marubucin na labarin Hamlet. Hakanan, ana kirga masu satarnin rubutu ga jerin Platonovsky.
The "Frack Yarima" halayyar alama ce ta alama da hikima, har ma da jikewa game da ra'ayin falsafa. An maye gurbin hadaddun makircin ta hanyar tunani akai-akai na babban hali. Don haka, littafin ya juya ya zama da wahala, amma mai ban sha'awa sosai. Bugu da kari, marubucin bai da ma'amala da labari ta hanyar yin masu karatu fewan zaɓuɓɓuka don fassararsa. An bayar da kyautar James ta kyautar da aka zaba don kimiyyar Bucker, inda ya same shi da farin ciki.
An nuna mahalarta marubucin 1980ss ta hanyar karuwa a cikin aikin wasan, ya fara kirkirar labari a cikin betuses - da rikice-rikice daban-daban, abubuwan da suka faru a cikin hadaddun zango, esuzias, nassoshi. Makarantar nagarta ", da aka buga a 1985, yayi magana game da psychoanalyst, wanda duka mutum ne da aljani, da wizard wanda yake bushewa.
Shiga cikin hotunan gettyAyyukan ƙarshe da Merrock ya ɓata lastels entels entels entels entels entels entels entable en, wanda ya kasance muhimmi a cikin farkon aikinta. Sun ƙarfafa ɗabi'a. Marubucin labari ne na ƙarshe, aka buga a 1992, ana kiranta "Jackson's Carlemma".
A cikin 1987, Iris an ba da shi taken "Honathery Farawa Farawa". A shekara ta gaba, ta zama mai girmama mai martaba na Sharspeare. Bugu da kari, a 1989, wata mace ce ta baiwa taken "Lady of Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya", kuma a cikin 1997 - Babban kyautar "alkalami mai girma" don aiyukan Iniredi.
Rayuwar sirri
A rayuwar Imars na Iram ta tsira daga 2 mai mahimmanci na wasan kwaikwayo: A lokacin yakin, ya mutu da ƙaunataccen maza - Franz Steiner da Frank Thompson. A saboda wannan dalili, wani lokaci mai tsawo mace ta gaza ƙulla dangantaka mai kyau.
Shiga cikin hotunan gettyA farkon 50s, merkock ya hadu da Oxford tare da abokin aiki da aka ambaci John Bailey. Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, marubuci da zargi na rubutu, don mutum da mata da mata suna da sha'awar da yawa na kowa. A cikin 1956, sun daure kansu ga ɗaurin aure kuma ba a raba su har zuwa mutuwar babban marubuci. Ma'auratan basu da yara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa bayan mutuwa iris, mijinta ya ƙunshi littafin tarihin da hotunan shahararrun fim wanda aka karɓi mutum-mutumi na shahararrun fim waɗanda suka karɓi gumata da yawa "Oscar". Duk da wannan, rufe merrock tare da mara kyau an gane ta littafin, yana jayayya cewa abubuwan da suka faru daga tarihin rayuwarta an gurbata da ƙari da ƙari.
Mutuwa
Iris Merdock, wanda mahalarsa ke gane ta da al'adun gargajiya gaba ɗaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan na rayuwa sun sha wahala daga cutar Alzheimer. Wannan shine dalilin mutuwarta.Shiga cikin hotunan gettyTa sha wahala asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, rashin iya ci gaba da ayyukan ilimi, kuma bai iya samun ikon kansa ba. Duk matsalolin sun hau kan mijinta, wanda ya yi komai don kada matar ba ta wurin gidan marayu.
8 ga Fabrairu, 1999, Iris Merdock ya mutu. Marubucin ya bar a bayan babban al'adun.
Faɗa
"Soyayya ita ce lokacin da tsakiyar sararin samaniya ba zato ba tsammani ya ragu kuma ya koma ga wani da idanu daban-daban" "dukkanin al'amuran da ba su da mahimmanci, amma kuna buƙatar Bi da su da muhimmanci "Littafi daya
- 1954 - "A ƙarƙashin hanyar sadarwa"
- 1957 - "Castle a kan yashi"
- 1963 - "Unicorn"
- 1964 - "Italiyanci"
- 1969 - "Barci Bruno"
- 1970 - "Gaskiya asara"
- 1975 - "Mutuwar kalmar"
- 1978 - "teku, teku"
- 1993 - "Green Knight"
- 1995 - "Jackson's Carthma"